ABSTRACT
A ordem dos Passeriformes é uma das mais pressionadas pelas ações antrópicas, especialmente as relativas ao tráfico de animais, que, devido às más condições de manejo e higiênico-sanitárias, favorecem a infecção dos espécimes por patógenos virulentos e zoonóticos, como cepas de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp., cujo isolamento em suabes cloacais, bem como a análise dos genes de virulência das cepas de E. coli foram objetivos do estudo. Para isso, 120 Passeriformes silvestres nativos, recebidos pelo Cetas/CE, foram avaliados individualmente. As cepas isoladas foram submetidas a teste de disco difusão para determinação da sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Em etapa posterior, foi realizada PCR para a detecção de oito genes de virulência dos principais patotipos diarreiogênicos de E. coli. Quanto aos resultados, nenhuma cepa de Salmonella spp. foi isolada, no entanto a ocorrência de E. coli foi de 40,8%. Foi observada elevada resistência, principalmente aos antimicrobianos tetraciclina, ampicilina e sulfazotrim, ocorrendo multirresistência em 42,8% das cepas. Pela análise molecular, foram diagnosticados quatro entre os nove genes pesquisados, com a identificação de EPEC típicas, EPEC atípicas, ETEC, EHEC e EAEC. Os resultados apontam para a importância de Passeriformes como possíveis disseminadores de zoonoses.(AU)
The order Passeriformes is one of the most pressured by anthropic actions, especially those related to animal trafficking. Due to poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, the infection of the specimens is favored by virulent and zoonotic pathogens such as strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., whose isolation in cloacal swabs as well as the analysis of the virulence genes of E. coli strains were the objectives of the study. For this, 120 native wild Passeriformes, received by CETAS/CE were individually evaluated. The isolated strains were submitted to diffusion disc test to determine sensitivity to antimicrobials. In a later stage, PCR was performed for the detection of eight virulence genes from the main E. coli diarrhoeagenic pathogens. Regarding the results, no strain of Salmonella spp. was isolated; however, the occurrence of E. coli was 40.8%. High resistance was observed, mainly to the antimicrobials Tetracycline, Ampicillin and Sulfazotrim, with multi-resistance in 42.8% of the strains. By molecular analysis, four of the nine genes were diagnosed, identifying typical EPEC, atypical EPEC, ETEC, EHEC and EAEC. The results point to the importance of Passeriformes as possible disseminators of zoonoses.(AU)
Subject(s)
Salmonella/isolation & purification , Salmonella/pathogenicity , Passeriformes/parasitology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Animals, Wild/parasitologyABSTRACT
Corneal tissue is the most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide. This work aimed to develop a new drug-eluting contact lens that may be used as a bandage after keratoprosthesis. During this work, films were produced using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) crosslinked with glyoxal (GL). Vancomycin chlorhydrate (VA) was impregnated in these systems by soaking. Attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm crosslinking. The cytotoxic and drug release profile, hydrophilicity, thermal and biodegradation as well as swelling capacity of the samples were assessed through in vitro studies. PVA and PVA/CS films were obtained by crosslinking with GL. The films were transparent, flexible with smooth surfaces, hydrophilic and able to load and release vancomycin for more than 8h. Biodegradation in artificial lachrymal fluid (ALF) with lysozyme at 37°C showed that mass loss was higher for the samples containing CS. Also, the samples prepared with CS showed the formation of pores which were visualized by SEM. All samples revealed a biocompatible character after 24h in contact with cornea endothelial cells. As a general conclusion it was possible to determine that the 70PVA/30CS film showed to combine the necessary features to prepare vancomycin-eluting contact lenses to prevent inflammation after corneal substitution.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Bandages , Contact Lenses , Corneal Transplantation/methods , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Vancomycin/administration & dosage , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Chitosan/chemistry , Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Drug Liberation , Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Glyoxal/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistry , Rabbits , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Vancomycin/chemistryABSTRACT
Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) is an effective and stable method for treating severe maxillary transverse discrepancies in skeletally mature individuals, but it has potential complications. The authors report the case of a 34-year-old woman who developed carotid cavernous fistula after undergoing SARME with a bone anchored appliance and discuss the possible etiological basis of this condition.
