ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Our aim was to study the association between abnormal findings on chest and brain imaging in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and neurologic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective, international multicenter study, we reviewed the electronic medical records and imaging of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from March 3, 2020, to June 25, 2020. Our inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with acute neurologic manifestations and available chest CT and brain imaging. The 5 lobes of the lungs were individually scored on a scale of 0-5 (0 corresponded to no involvement and 5 corresponded to >75% involvement). A CT lung severity score was determined as the sum of lung involvement, ranging from 0 (no involvement) to 25 (maximum involvement). RESULTS: A total of 135 patients met the inclusion criteria with 132 brain CT, 36 brain MR imaging, 7 MRA of the head and neck, and 135 chest CT studies. Compared with 86 (64%) patients without acute abnormal findings on neuroimaging, 49 (36%) patients with these findings had a significantly higher mean CT lung severity score (9.9 versus 5.8, P < .001). These patients were more likely to present with ischemic stroke (40 [82%] versus 11 [13%], P < .0001) and were more likely to have either ground-glass opacities or consolidation (46 [94%] versus 73 [84%], P = .01) in the lungs. A threshold of the CT lung severity score of >8 was found to be 74% sensitive and 65% specific for acute abnormal findings on neuroimaging. The neuroimaging hallmarks of these patients were acute ischemic infarct (28%), intracranial hemorrhage (10%) including microhemorrhages (19%), and leukoencephalopathy with and/or without restricted diffusion (11%). The predominant CT chest findings were peripheral ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation. CONCLUSIONS: The CT lung disease severity score may be predictive of acute abnormalities on neuroimaging in patients with COVID-19 with neurologic manifestations. This can be used as a predictive tool in patient management to improve clinical outcome.
Subject(s)
Brain/diagnostic imaging , COVID-19/diagnostic imaging , COVID-19/pathology , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Brain/pathology , COVID-19/complications , Humans , Lung/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Neuroimaging , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
We find that a common mutation that increases angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity occurs with higher frequency in male patients suffering from refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. However, in their brains, the activity of the enzyme is downregulated. As an explanation, we surprisingly find that carbamazepine, commonly used to treat epilepsy, is an inhibitor of the enzyme, thus providing a direct link between epilepsy and the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Carbamazepine/pharmacology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/physiology , Alleles , Animals , Anterior Temporal Lobectomy , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/genetics , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/surgery , Genotype , Humans , INDEL Mutation , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Temporal Lobe/drug effects , Temporal Lobe/pathologyABSTRACT
Medulloblastoma has variable appearances on MRI in both children and adults. Adults are more likely to have heterogeneous cerebellar hemisphere tumours, and this is thought to be related to the greater prevalence of desmoplastic tumours in adulthood. Few studies have addressed the MRI features of adult medulloblastoma and the specific characteristics of desmoplastic and classic tumours have not been analysed. Our aim was to analyse the imaging characteristics of desmoplastic (DM) and classic (CM) medulloblastomas in adult. We retrospectively studied preoperative MRI of six men and three women, median age 33 years, range 23-53 years, with pathologically proved medulloblastomas. There were six (67%) with DM. The tumour was in the cerebellar hemisphere in eight patients (89%), including the three with CM, one of which was bilateral. All tumours were heterogeneous, giving predominantly low or isointense signal on T1- and isointense signal on T2-weighted images. Cystic or necrotic areas in all patients were particularly visible on T2-weighted images. Contrast enhancement was absent in one DM and varied from slight to intense in eight (three CM), homogeneous in one DM and patchy in seven. All tumours extended to the surface of the cerebellum and two had well-defined margins. MRI does not allow a clear distinction between DM and CM in adults.
Subject(s)
Cerebellar Neoplasms/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Medulloblastoma/diagnosis , Adult , Brain Mapping , Cerebellar Neoplasms/classification , Cerebellar Neoplasms/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Image Enhancement , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation , Male , Medulloblastoma/classification , Medulloblastoma/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The presence of tophi involving the spine is an atypical complication of tophaceous gout and its diagnosis may be difficult. The authors present a case of tophaceous gout involving the thoracic spine and discuss the topic.
