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1.
Can J Public Health ; 114(3): 389-403, 2023 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37014576

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Having temporary immigration status affords limited rights, workplace protections, and access to services. There is not yet research data on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic for people with temporary immigration status in Canada. METHODS: We use linked administrative data to describe SARS-CoV-2 testing, positive tests, and COVID-19 primary care service use in British Columbia from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021, stratified by immigration status (citizen, permanent resident, temporary resident). We plot the rates of people tested and confirmed positive for COVID-19 by week from April 19, 2020 to July 31, 2021 across immigration groups. We use logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, access to testing, and primary care among people with temporary status or permanent residency, compared with people who hold citizenship. RESULTS: A total of 4,146,593 people with citizenship, 914,089 people with permanent residency, and 212,215 people with temporary status were included. Among people with temporary status, 52.1% had "male" administrative sex and 74.4% were ages 20-39, compared with 50.1% and 24.4% respectively among those with citizenship. Of people with temporary status, 4.9% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 over this period, compared with 4.0% among people with permanent residency and 2.1% among people with citizenship. Adjusted odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test among people with temporary status were almost 50% higher (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.39, 1.45), despite having half the odds of access to testing (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.53, 0.54) and primary care (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.49, 0.52). CONCLUSION: Interwoven immigration, health, and occupational policies place people with temporary status in circumstances of precarity and higher health risk. Reducing precarity accompanying temporary status, including regularization pathways, and decoupling access to health care from immigration status can address health inequities.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: Le statut d'immigration temporaire confère des droits, des mesures de protection au travail et un accès aux services limités. Il n'y a pas encore de données de recherche sur les impacts de la pandémie de COVID-19 chez les personnes ayant un statut d'immigration temporaire au Canada. MéTHODE: Nous utilisons des données administratives maillées pour décrire le dépistage du SRAS-CoV-2, les tests positifs et l'utilisation des services de soins de première ligne liés à la COVID-19 en Colombie-Britannique entre le 1er janvier 2020 et le 31 juillet 2021, stratifiées selon le statut d'immigration (citoyenneté, résidence permanente, résidence temporaire). Nous reportons sur des graphiques les taux hebdomadaires de personnes testées et confirmées positives pour la COVID-19 entre le 19 avril 2020 et le 31 juillet 2021 dans les groupes d'immigration. Nous utilisons la régression logistique pour estimer les rapports de cotes ajustés d'un test positif pour le SRAS-CoV-2, de l'accès au dépistage et de l'accès aux soins primaires chez les personnes ayant le statut de résidents temporaires ou permanents comparativement aux personnes ayant la citoyenneté canadienne. RéSULTATS: En tout, 4 146 593 citoyens, 914 089 résidents permanents et 212 215 résidents temporaires ont été inclus. Chez les personnes ayant le statut de résidents temporaires, 52,1 % étaient de sexe administratif « masculin ¼ et 74,4 % avaient entre 20 et 39 ans, contre 50,1 % et 24,4 % respectivement chez les personnes ayant la citoyenneté. Chez les résidents temporaires, 4,9 % avaient obtenu un test positif pour le SRAS-CoV-2 au cours de la période de l'étude, contre 4 % chez les résidents permanents et 2,1 % chez les citoyens. La probabilité ajustée d'un test positif pour le SRAS-CoV-2 chez les personnes ayant le statut de résidents temporaires était près de 50 % plus élevée (RCa 1,42, IC de 95 % 1,39, 1,45), même si leurs probabilités d'accès au dépistage (RCa 0,53, IC de 95 % 0,53, 0,54) et aux soins primaires (RCa 0,50, IC de 95 % 0,49, 0,52) étaient moitié moindres. CONCLUSION: La conjugaison des politiques d'immigration, de santé et de main-d'œuvre met les personnes ayant le statut de résidents temporaires en situation de précarité et de risques accrus pour la santé. La réduction de la précarité qui accompagne le statut temporaire, dont les voies de régularisation, et le découplage entre l'accès aux soins de santé et le statut d'immigration pourraient répondre aux iniquités en santé.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Adult , Humans , Young Adult , British Columbia/epidemiology , Citizenship , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19 Testing , Emigration and Immigration , Pandemics , Primary Health Care , SARS-CoV-2
2.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 56(3): 261-272, 2018 Oct 25.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30376623

ABSTRACT

Background: The life table is a useful instrument to measure the impact of health care in a population. In this case we report the situation of the population that use the medical services of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in the state of Jalisco. Methods: We used the abridged Reed-Merrell method, which shows the life expectancy in five-year age groups. Results: In 2015 life expectancy for people with hospital insurance was 80.51 for women and 77.93 for men. For the total of insured women and men, life expectancy was 77.65 and 73.73 years, respectively. Conclusion: Compared with previous calculations, we observed a deceleration of the gain of life expectancy in both sexes, even though women keep more life expectancy than men.


Introducción: La tabla de vida es un valioso instrumento para medir el impacto de la atención médica en una población. En este caso reportamos la situación de la población usuaria de los servicios de salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en el estado de Jalisco, México. Métodos: Se utilizó el método abreviado de Reed-Merrell, que muestra la esperanza de vida en grupos quinquenales de edad. Resultados: En 2015 la esperanza de vida en asegurados hospitalizados hombres fue de 77.93 años y en mujeres, de 80.51 años. Para el total de asegurados mujeres y hombres fue de 77.65 y 73.73, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Si se compara con cálculos previos, se observa una desaceleración en la ganancia de expectativa de vida en pacientes hospitalizados de ambos sexos, aunque se conserva una mayor esperanza para las mujeres.


Subject(s)
Life Expectancy , Life Tables , Academies and Institutes , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Social Security , Young Adult
3.
J Biomed Sci ; 20: 13, 2013 Feb 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23445492

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Oncology, the resistance of the cancerous cells to chemotherapy continues to be the principal limitation. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor plays an important role in tumor escape and resistance to chemotherapy and this factor regulates several pathways that promote tumor survival including some antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. In this study, we investigated, in U937 human leukemia cells, the effects of PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor, drugs that can disrupt the NF-κB pathway. For this, we evaluated viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, caspases-3, -8, -9, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, p65 phosphorylation, and the modification in the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic genes, and the Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL antiapoptotic proteins. RESULTS: The two drugs affect the viability of the leukemia cells in a time-dependent manner. The greatest percentage of apoptosis was obtained with a combination of the drugs; likewise, PTX and MG132 induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cleavage of caspases -3,-8, -9 and cytochrome c release and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in U937 human leukemia cells. In these cells, PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor decrease p65 (NF-κB subunit) phosphorylation and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. We also observed, with a combination of these drugs overexpression of a group of the proapoptotic genes BAX, DIABLO, and FAS while the genes BCL-XL, MCL-1, survivin, IκB, and P65 were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS: The two drugs used induce apoptosis per se, this cytotoxicity was greater with combination of both drugs. These observations are related with the caspases -9, -3 cleavage and G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and a decrease in p65 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins. As well as this combination of drugs promotes the upregulation of the proapoptotic genes and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes. These observations strongly confirm antileukemic potential.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Leupeptins/pharmacology , Pentoxifylline/pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics , bcl-X Protein/genetics , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects , Humans , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Leukemia/drug therapy , Leukemia/genetics , Leukemia/pathology , NF-kappa B/genetics , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Phosphorylation/drug effects , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis , Signal Transduction , U937 Cells , bcl-X Protein/biosynthesis
4.
BMC Cancer ; 11: 483, 2011 Nov 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22074157

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, cervical cancer is the second most common causes of cancer in women and represents an important mortality rate. Cisplatin (CIS) is a very important antitumoral agent and can lead tumor cells toward two important cellular states: apoptosis and senescence. In some types of cancers pentoxifylline (PTX) sensitizes these cells to the toxic action of chemotherapeutics drugs such as adriamycin, inducing apoptosis. In the present work, we studied in vitro whether PTX alone or in combination with CIS induces apoptosis and/or senescence in cervix cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines infected with HPV types 16 and 18, respectively, as well as in immortalized keratinocytyes HaCaT cells. METHODS: HeLa (HPV 18+), SiHa (HPV 16+) cervix cancer cells and non-tumorigenic immortalized HaCaT cells (control) were treated with PTX, CIS or both. The cellular toxicity and survival fraction of PTX and CIS were determinate by WST-1 and clonogenic assays respectively. Apoptosis, caspase activation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, p65 (NF-κB), Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL anti-apoptotic proteins were determinated by flow cytometry. Senescence by microscopy. Phosphorylation of IκBα and IκB total were measured by ELISA. Pro-apoptotic, anti-apoptotic and senescence genes, as well as HPV-E6/7 mRNA expression, were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Our results show that after 24 hours of incubation PTX per se is toxic for cancer cells affecting cell viability and inducing apoptosis. The toxicity in HaCaT cells was minimal. CIS induces apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cells and its effect was significantly increases when the cells were treated with PTX + CIS. In all studies there was a direct correlation with levels of caspases (-3, -6, -7, -9 and -8) activity and apoptosis. CIS induces important levels of senescence and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, p65/RELA, and IκBα, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL. Surprisingly these levels were significantly reduced by PTX in tumor cells, and at the same time, increases the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. CONCLUSION: PTX sensitizes cervical cancer cells to CIS-induced apoptosis and decreases the CIS-induced senescence in these cells via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway; diminishes expression of antiapoptotic proteins and the activation of caspases.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Cellular Senescence/drug effects , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism , Adult , Annexin A5/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Apoptosis/physiology , Caspases/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cellular Senescence/physiology , Female , Flow Cytometry , HeLa Cells , Humans , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism , Pentoxifylline/pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , bcl-X Protein/metabolism , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
5.
Mol Cancer ; 9: 114, 2010 May 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20482878

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapeutic drugs like Adriamycin (ADR) induces apoptosis or senescence in cancer cells but these cells often develop resistance and generate responses of short duration or complete failure. The methylxantine drug Pentoxifylline (PTX) used routinely in the clinics setting for circulatory diseases has been recently described to have antitumor properties. We evaluated whether pretreatment with PTX modifies apoptosis and senescence induced by ADR in cervix cancer cells. METHODS: HeLa (HPV 18+), SiHa (HPV 16+) cervix cancer cells and non-tumorigenic immortalized HaCaT cells (control) were treated with PTX, ADR or PTX + ADR. The cellular toxicity of PTX and survival fraction were determinated by WST-1 and clonogenic assay respectively. Apoptosis, caspase activation and ADR efflux rate were measured by flow cytometry, senescence by microscopy. IkappaBalpha and DNA fragmentation were determinated by ELISA. Proapoptotic, antiapoptotic and senescence genes, as well as HPV-E6/E7 mRNA expression, were detected by time real RT-PCR. p53 protein levels were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS: PTX is toxic (WST-1), affects survival (clonogenic assay) and induces apoptosis in cervix cancer cells. Additionally, the combination of this drug with ADR diminished the survival fraction and significantly increased apoptosis of HeLa and SiHa cervix cancer cells. Treatments were less effective in HaCaT cells. We found caspase participation in the induction of apoptosis by PTX, ADR or its combination. Surprisingly, in spite of the antitumor activity displayed by PTX, our results indicate that methylxantine, per se does not induce senescence; however it inhibits senescence induced by ADR and at the same time increases apoptosis. PTX elevates IkappaBalpha levels. Such sensitization is achieved through the up-regulation of proapoptotic factors such as caspase and bcl family gene expression. PTX and PTX + ADR also decrease E6 and E7 expression in SiHa cells, but not in HeLa cells. p53 was detected only in SiHa cells treated with ADR. CONCLUSION: PTX is a good inducer of apoptosis but does not induce senescence. Furthermore, PTX reduced the ADR-induced senescence and increased apoptosis in cervix cancer cells.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cellular Senescence/drug effects , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Pentoxifylline/pharmacology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism , Blotting, Western , Caspases/drug effects , Caspases/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Separation , Cell Survival/drug effects , DNA Fragmentation , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Flow Cytometry , Gene Expression/drug effects , HeLa Cells , Humans , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/biosynthesis , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/drug effects , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
6.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 14(5): 299-302, ago. 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1283688

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio comparativo entre dos grupos de trabajadores de la industria hulera mexicana. El primer grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 48 obreros expuestos laboralmente a hidrocarburos aromáticos durante 2 a 24 años; el otro grupo lo integraron 42 trabajadores de áreas administrativas, no expuestos a hidrocarburos ni a otros tóxicos. Nuestro objetivo fue describir y comparar las características del semen de ambos grupos para conocer algunos de los efectos adversos que tiene la exposición crónica a hidrocarburos sobre la reproducción masculina manifestados a través de los cambios en la calidad del semen. La concentración de los hidrocarburos del ambiente laboral fue cuantificada por monitoreo continuo de todas las áreas de la fábrica durante las jornadas de trabajo. El estudio de las muestras de semen de ambos grupos se realizó de acuerdo con los criterios establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los hidrocarburos encontrados en el ambiente laboral fueron etilbenceno (220.7-234 mg/m3 ), benceno (31.9-47.8 mg/m3), tolueno (189.7-212.5 mg/m3) y xileno (47-56.4 mg/m3). El análisis de las características del semen de ambos grupos demostró mayor porcentaje de varones normozoospérmicos (76%) en el grupo de trabajadores no expuestos respecto del grupo de trabajadores expuestos, en el que sólo el 17% presentó normozoospermia. En la mayoría de los trabajadores expuestos encontramos anormalidad en la viscosidad del semen, en su capacidad de licuefacción, recuento espermático bajo, motilidad espermática disminuida o no observable y una gran cantidad de espermatozoides con alteraciones en su morfología. Algunas de estas características anormales del semen se asociaron con los años de exposición a los hidrocarburos. En el semen de los obreros expuestos a hidrocarburos encontramos una cantidad significativamente mayor de células germinales inmaduras con alteraciones morfológicas nucleares, micronúcleos, en comparación con el grupo de individuos que no tuvieron contacto con estos tóxicos. Además, en el grupo de expuestos se observó que el porcentaje de células germinales inmaduras con micronúcleos tuvo asociación con la edad del individuo y los años de exposición, así como con la morfología espermática. A manera de conclusión, podría decirse que la exposición crónica a hidrocarburos aromáticos potencialmente afecta el proceso de espermatogénesis y se refleja en una mala calidad del semen de los individuos expuestos a estos tóxicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Semen , Spermatozoa , Xenobiotics , Azoospermia , Teratozoospermia , Hydrocarbons , Infertility, Male
7.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 66(12): 492-4, dic. 1998. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232604

ABSTRACT

Se aplicó un cuestionario a 1,066 estudiantes de la Ciudad de México. Este cuestionario incluyó información sobre datos generales de las adolescentes y sobre la presencia de 12 síntomas relacionados a la dismenorrea. La edad promedio de las participantes fue de 18 ñ 3.2 años. La edad promedio de menarca fue de 12.3 ñ 1.3 años. La prevalencia de dismenorrea fue de 52.1 por ciento para el grupo de edad de menos de 15 años; 63.8 por ciento para el grupo de 15 a 19 y 52.3 por ciento para las estudiantes de 20 a 24 años. La frecuencia de ausentismo como resultado de la dismenorrea fue de 4.3 por ciento en el grupo de estudiantes menores de 15 años; 9.3 por ciento en el grupo de 15 a 19 años y de 19.8 por ciento en el grupo de 20 a 24 años. Los síntomas más frecuentemente asociados a la dismenorrea fueron tension nerviosa, depresión, irritabilidad e insomnio. La automedicación fue muy frecuente y los fármacos más utilizados fueron los antiespasmódicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Dysmenorrhea/drug therapy , Dysmenorrhea/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Symptomatology , Menstruation Disturbances/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology
8.
Bol. Col. Mex. Urol ; 10(1): 42-6, ene.-abr. 1993. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-121196

ABSTRACT

Se evaluaron la funsión sexual y la fertilidad en 15 varones que habían reibido un transplante renal por insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC). La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 29.5 + 6.6 años. La función sexual se evaluó de manera subjetiva mediante una encuesta, y la fertilidad con tres espermatobioscopias y determinaciones de las concentraciones hormonales de LH, FSH, testosterona y prolactina. Cinco pacientes se clasificaron como normozoospérmicos, cinco como astonozoospérmicos, dos como oligoastenozoospérmicos, dos como oligozoospérmicos y uno como azoospérmico. Seis de siete tuvieron por lo menos 10/ml de bacterias en semen. El índice sexual fue aceptable en la mayoría de los pacientes. En conclusión 33 por ciento de los pacientes resultaron ser potencialmente fértiles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Sperm Capacitation/physiology , Fertility/physiology , Kidney Transplantation/physiology , Semen/physiology , Sperm Count , Semen/chemistry , Sexual Behavior/physiology , Spermatogenesis
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