Urological manifestations of the disease related to immunoglobulin G4.

Immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibro-inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by lesions in the form of tumors, elevated serum IgG4 levels, plasma cells with significant IgG4 infiltration, accompanied by phlebitis obliterans and fibrosis. This disease usually has multiorgan disease, including pancreas, biliary tract, salivary glands, peri orbital tissues, kidneys, lungs, lymph nodes and retro peritoneum. IgG4-RD mainly affects men with a predominance of age by young adults until old age. The clinical manifestations of IgG4-RD, depend mainly on the organs affected and the response to steroids. His forecast is not yet clear. Within the affected urogenital organs can be observed kidney, retroperitoneum, ureter, bladder, urachus, testis/epididymis, paratesticular region, prostate and urethra.

La enfermedad relacionada con la inmunoglobulina G4 (ER-IgG4) es una enfermedad fibroinflamatoria de etiología desconocida, la cual se caracteriza por presentar lesiones en forma de tumoraciones, concentraciones séricas aumentadas de IgG4 y células plasmáticas con una infiltración importante de IgG4, junto con flebitis obliterante y fibrosis. Esta enfermedad suele tener afección multiorgánica, incluyendo el páncreas, el tracto biliar, las glándulas salivares, los tejidos periorbitarios, los riñones, los pulmones, los ganglios linfáticos y el retroperitoneo. La ER-IgG4 afecta principalmente a hombres, con un predominio de edad por los adultos jóvenes y hasta la vejez. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la ER-IgG4 dependen principalmente de los órganos afectados y de la respuesta a los esteroides. Su pronóstico aún no es del todo claro. Dentro de los órganos urogenitales afectados pueden incluirse el riñón, el retroperitoneo, el uréter, la vejiga, el uraco, el testículo/epidídimo, la región paratesticular, la próstata y la uretra.

Urological manifestations of the disease related to immunoglobulin G4. / Manifestaciones urológicas de la enfermedad relacionada con la inmunoglobulina G4

Immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibro-inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by lesions in the form of tumors, elevated serum IgG4 levels, plasma cells with significant IgG4 infiltration, accompanied by phlebitis obliterans and fibrosis. This disease usually has multiorgan disease, including pancreas, biliary tract, salivary glands, peri orbital tissues, kidneys, lungs, lymph nodes and retro peritoneum. IgG4-RD mainly affects men with a predominance of age by young adults until old age. The clinical manifestations of IgG4-RD, depend mainly on the organs affected and the response to steroids. His forecast is not yet clear. Within the affected urogenital organs can be observed kidney, retroperitoneum, ureter, bladder, urachus, testis/epididymis, paratesticular region, prostate and urethra.

La enfermedad relacionada con la inmunoglobulina G4 (ER-IgG4) es una enfermedad fibroinflamatoria de etiología desconocida, la cual se caracteriza por presentar lesiones en forma de tumoraciones, concentraciones séricas aumentadas de IgG4 y células plasmáticas con una infiltración importante de IgG4, junto con flebitis obliterante y fibrosis. Esta enfermedad suele tener afección multiorgánica, incluyendo el páncreas, el tracto biliar, las glándulas salivares, los tejidos periorbitarios, los riñones, los pulmones, los ganglios linfáticos y el retroperitoneo. La ER-IgG4 afecta principalmente a hombres, con un predominio de edad por los adultos jóvenes y hasta la vejez. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la ER-IgG4 dependen principalmente de los órganos afectados y de la respuesta a los esteroides. Su pronóstico aún no es del todo claro. Dentro de los órganos urogenitales afectados pueden incluirse el riñón, el retroperitoneo, el uréter, la vejiga, el uraco, el testículo/epidídimo, la región paratesticular, la próstata y la uretra.

Relevancia del antecedente de absceso perirrenal en pacientes sometidos a nefrectomía simple retroperitoneal / Relevance of Perirenal Abscess in Patients undergoing Retroperitoneal Simple Nephrectomy

Las infecciones supurativas del riñón y del espacio perinefrítico son poco comunes, sin embargo, se asocian a una morbimortalidad elevada, afectando a ambos sexos por igual excepto los casos de absceso cortical que es 3 veces más común en el hombre que en la mujer. La incidencia se incrementa con la edad y habitualmente se asocia a uropatía obstructiva. Los abscesos renales representan 0,2% de todos los abscesos intraabdominales, de los cuales el 10% de los abscesos corticales rompen a través de la cápsula formando un absceso perinefrítico, el cual es difícil de manejar y conlleva un peor pronóstico, con una alta mortalidad a pesar de tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno

Supurative infections of the kidney and perinephritic space are rare, however, are associated with high morbidity and mortality, affecting both sexes equally except for cases of cortical abscess which is 3 times more common in men than in women. The incidence increases with age and is usually associated with obstructive uropathy. Renal abscesses represent 0.2% of all abscesses. intraabdominal, of which 10% of cortical abscesses break through the capsule forming a Perinephritic abscess, which is difficult to manage and leads to a worse prognosis, with high mortality despite prompt surgical treatment.

Ruido en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: el silencio en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos es la mejor terapia / Noise in the Intensive Care Unit: silence in the Intensive Care Unit is the best therapy / Barulho na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: o silêncio na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva é a melhor terapia

Resumen El ruido se define como cualquier sonido que produce un efecto fisiológico o psicológico indeseado en un individuo o grupo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda que el ruido de fondo no exceda los 30 decibelios A (dBA). El ruido en los hospitales -y en particular, en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI)- excede los niveles recomendados, superando los 60 a 70 dBA. El ruido afecta tanto a los enfermos como al personal. Estudios han mostrado que el ruido en las UCI es un estresor físico, psicológico y social, y es un factor de riesgo para delirium. La implementación de procesos encaminados a combatir el ruido, la educación del personal y un adecuado diseño de las UCI son fundamentales para combatir este problema habitualmente infraestimado.

Abstract Noise is defined as any sound that may produce an undesired physiological or psychological effect in an individual or group. The World Health Organization recommends that the average background noise should not exceed 30 A weighted decibels (dBA). Noise in hospitals -and particularly, in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)- frequently exceeds these values. Noise levels measured in the ICU are mostly far beyond the recommended standards, and generally measure around 60-70 dBA. Noise affects both staff and patients. Studies have shown that noise in the ICU is a physical, psychological and social stressor, and it is an independent risk factor for delirium. Planned activities, staff education and proper design of ICUs may help combat this overlooked problem.

Resumo O ruído se define como todo som que produza um efeito fisiológico ou psicológico indesejado em um indivíduo ou em um grupo. A Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda não exceder 30 decibéis (dB). O ruído nos hospitais e particularmente na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) excede esses valores. Os níveis de ruído medidos na UTI excedem os padrões recomendados e sobrepassam os 60-70 dB. O ruído afeta os funcionários e os pacientes. Estudos têm demonstrado que o ruído da UTI é um estressor físico, psicológico e social e é um fator de risco para o delírium. As atividades planejadas, a educação dos funcionários e o desenho adequado da UTI podem ajudar a combater este problema subestimado.

[Comparison of results of open simple nephrectomy secondary to lithiasis in patients with and without nephrostomy]. / Comparación de los resultados de la nefrectomía simple abierta secundaria a litiasis en pacientes con y sin nefrostomía.

BACKGROUND: Simple nephrectomy is the procedure of choice in the treatment of excluded kidneys. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare surgical results in open simple retroperitoneal nephrectomies in patients with and without nephrostomy. METHODOLOGY: 58 patients were analyzed. The demographic parameters of patients with nephrostomy were compared to patients without nephrostomy (age, gender, weight, lithium localization, transoperative variables (surgical time, transoperative bleeding) and postoperative variables (need for intensive care, need for transfusion, surgical wound infection and hospital stay days) RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found for the variables of operative bleeding (p=0.0442), surgical time (p=0.0093), hospital stay days (p=0.0040), and transfusion requirements (p=0.0170). There were no differences in the need for intensive care (p=0.6314), transoperative complications (p=0.7414) and surgical wound infection (p=0.2762). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a nephrostomy catheter in patients undergoing open simple nephrectomy leads to an increased risk of morbidity, with increased bleeding, surgical time, need for transfusion, and hospital stay days.

[Elena de Cespedes: The eventful life of a XVI century surgeon]. / Elena de Céspedes. La azarosa vida de una cirujana del siglo XVI.

Throughout the history of surgery there have been exceptional cases of surgeons around the world. One of them is Elena/o of Cespedes. Born as a girl, this hermaphrodite dedicated all his life to acting as a man, doing jobs that were only for men such as a soldier, peasant, and surgeon. She was the first licensed surgeon in Spain and maybe in all Europe. She married a woman and then was tried for sodomy by the Spanish Inquisition commanded by inquisitor Lope de Mendoza. She was founded guilty and punished with 200 lashes and a 10-year service at a hospital, dressed as a woman.

[Andres Vesalio, Francisco Díaz, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra and the birth of urology in the 16th Century]. / Andrés Vesalio, Francisco Díaz, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra y el nacimiento de la urología en el siglo XVI.

In the sixteenth century there were great advances in science, literature, and the arts. During this century, urology as a specialty was conceived, thanks to the contributions of Andreas Vesalius, anatomist and leading physician to the court of Charles V, and Dr. Francisco Diaz, a native of Alcala de Henares, surgeon and clinician. Dr. Diaz had a close relationship with Miguel de Cervantes, who at one point in his life suffered from renal colic. In his masterpiece "Re-Printed Treaty of all diseases of the kidneys, bladder and wattles of the Cock and Urina, divided into three books," of which the first book of urology is the History of Medicine, describes in detail the clinical and therapeutic aspects of urological diseases, known as the "bad stone" and urethral strictures known as "wattles", in addition to describing the different surgical techniques and the development of new instruments for urological procedures, which include the cisorio instrument and the Speculum pudendi. For the above, Dr. Francisco Diaz is considered the father of urology.

Síndrome de sepsis grave postesplenectomía secundario a meningococcemia / Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) syndrome secondary to meningococcemia

Resumen Los pacientes esplenectomizados o con hipoesplenia son susceptibles a desarrollar infecciones y sepsis grave. A esta entidad se le denomina sídrome de sepsis postesplenectomía (SSPE). Reportamos el caso de una paciente que presentó SSPE secundario a Neisseria meningitidis serogrupo CR7, 10 años después de practicársele esplenectomía por púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática. El SSPE tiene una elevada mortalidad, su evolución es fulminante, las manifestaciones son graves y el pronóstico es malo. Es fundamental que los pacientes esplenectomizados sean vacunados, reciban antibióticos profilácticos y atención médica ante cualquier manifestación de un proceso infeccioso. Es prioritario implementar una política de salud pública para el desarrollo de guías relacionadas al seguimiento de los pacientes esplenectomizados y sobre la profilaxis, diagnóstico y manejo del SSPE, y difundir entre los pacientes esplenectomizados y con disfunción esplénica así como al grupo médico tratante programas educacionales relacionados con esta enfermedad.

Abstract Patients with splenectomy or splenic dysfunction are likely to suffer from severe infections and sepsis. This syndrome is called overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI). We present the case of an adult who developed OPSI syndrome secondary to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup CR 7, ten years after being splenectomized due to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. OPSI syndrome has a high mortality. Its course is fulminating, the clinical symptoms are serious and the prognosis is poor. It is important for splenectomized patients to receive immunizations, antibiotic prophylaxis and seek medical attention at the earliest sign of minor infection. Public health politics should be implemented for the development of guidelines related to the monitoring of splenecto-mized patients and prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of OPSI syndrome and make reliable information on this disease available to patients and physicians.

[Ultrasonographic evaluation of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath for medication of intracranial pressure: a case report]. / Evaluación ultrasonográfica del diámetro de la vaina del nervio óptico (DVNO) para la medición de la presión intracraneana (PIC): a propósito de un caso.

The main complication associated with acute brain injury is the elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In these patients, multimodal neurological monitoring has emerged as a fundamental tool in the intensive care unit, with the minimally invasive trend seen in recent years. We report the case of a patient in which ICP monitoring was based on the measurement of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath (DONS), a procedure that has shown a good correlation with the ICP, as well as a high specificity, sensitivity, and low cost.

Rhombencephalitis by Listeria monocytogenes in a cirrhotic patient: a case report and literature review.

We report a case of rhombencephalitis infection by Listeria monocytogenes in a 66-year-old man with cirrhosis. The CSF analysis indicated L. monocytogenes as the most likely pathogen. Blood and CSF culture were positive to L. monocytogenes and MRI findings were suggestive of rhomboencephalitis. The treatment was started empirically and then modified when the culture results were available. The patient had a full clinical recovery without neurologic sequelae. Clinicians should remember that L. monocytogenes most often presents as acute bacterial meningitis, particularly in the elderly, the immunosuppressed, and those with malignancies. L. monocytogenes CNS the infections may present as acute bacterial meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or acute encephalitis.

[Hemolytic anemia secondary to the placement of a portosystemic stented shunt]. / Anemia hemolítica secundaria a la colocación de Stent transyugular intrahepático porto sistémico.

INTRODUCTION: portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage are common complications of hepatic cirrhosis, both associated with a high morbimortality. Portal system decompression by the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stented shunt, can reduce portal venus pressure and is effective controling complications of portal hypertension, like variceal hemorrhage and ascitis. The aim of this document is to describe a case of hemolytic anemia secondary to the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stented shunt. CLINICAL CASE: patient with portal hypertension secondary to liver cirrosis was given a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stented shunt for recurrent variceal hemorrhage. After the procedure, hemoglobin decreased 2 g/dL, associated with reticulocitosis, hipohaptoglobinemia, elevated lactic dehydrogenase and indirect hyperbilirrubinemia with negative Coombs test. The peripheral blood smear showed abnormal erythrocytes, with the prevalence of schistocytes. The final diagnosis was hemolytic anemia secondary to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stented shunt. CONCLUSIONS: the hemolytic anemia secondary to Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stented Shunt is a rare complication. Usually, it has a benign prognosis, and it is self-limited once the stent is endothelialized.

[Liver abscess syndrome with lung involvement secondary to hypermucoviscosity Klebsiella pneumoniae]. / Síndrome de absceso hepático secundario a Klebsiella pneumoniae hipermucoviscosa con involucro pulmonar.

Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome (KLAS) is an emerging infection characterized by primary monomicrobial liver abscess, bacteremia and metastatic complications. KLAS is endemic in Taiwan but additional cases has also been described in other world regions. It's caused by strains of K. pneumonia serotype K1, rmpA, magA positive, displaying hypermucoviscosity. We present the case of a previously healthy 69 years old patient who developed fever, liver abscess,septic shock, bacteremia, and pneumonia. In cultures grew hypermucoviscous phenotype of K. pneumonia characterized by positive "string test". The patient responded favourably to antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone, meropenem, amykacin and percutaneous drainage of the abscess. Increased awareness about this globally emerging infection by physicians could allow earlier detection and optimal treatment.

[Severe sepsis, septic shock and secondary multiple organ dysfunction in infection by Kluyvera ascorbata]. / Sepsis grave, choque séptico y disfunción orgánica múltiple secundaria a infección por Kluyvera ascorbata.

Kluyvera, a new genus of Enterobacteriaceae, is an emergent pathogen. Kluyvera species have been isolated from sputum, urine, stools, and blood. Kluyvera strains are infrequent but potentially dangerous pathogens in the immunocompetent or immunocompromised host due to their potential to provoke a wide range of infections and their ability to transfer extended spectrum beta lactamase genes. We herein report the case of a teenage male with severe sepsis and septic shock due to K. ascorbata.

[Cleft lobe sign. A curious clinical sign or an ischemic heart disease marker?]. / Signo del lóbulo hendido, curiosidad clínica o marcador de cardiopatía isquémica?

The majority of studies have demonstrated a correlation between diagonal earlobe creases sign with coronary artery disease and atheroscleosis. Diagonal earlobe creases run from the lower pole of the external meatus, diagonally backwards to the edge of the lobe at approximately 45. The objective of this paper is review the evidence related to this interesting clinical sign.

[Libman-Sacks endocarditis]. / Endocarditis de Libman-Sacks.

In 1924, Libman and Sacks described valvular lesions in patients with lupus erythematosus. Libman-Sacks valvular lesions are sterile fibrinous vegetations that preferentially develop at the left-sided heart valves. Reports of their prevalence range from 53 to 74%. Libman-Sacks endocarditis is associated with disease activity and antiphospholipid antibodies titer. Echocardiography is a useful tool for documenting valvular involvement and dysfunction as well as disease progression. Transesophageal echocardiography is superior to transthoracic echocardiography in detecting Libman-Sacks endocarditis. This report describes the echocardiographic image of Libman-Sacks endocarditis in a patient with active lupus erithematosus.

Endocarditis de Libman-Sacks / Libman-Sacks endocarditis

Libman y Sacks describieron por primera vez en 1924 la presencia de lesiones valvulares en enfermos con lupus eritematoso. La endocarditis de Libman y Sacks se caracteriza por vegetaciones estériles valvulares de predominio en las válvulas mitral y aórtica. Su prevalencia es de 53 a 74 %. Se asocia con actividad lúpica y presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípido. La ecocardiografía, en especial la transtorácica, es el estudio de elección para el diagnóstico y seguimiento, así como para evaluar el involucro valvular. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la imagen ecocardiográfica de un enfermo con lupus eritematoso activo portador de endocarditis de Libman-Sacks.

In 1924, Libman and Sacks described valvular lesions in patients with lupus erythematosus. Libman-Sacks valvular lesions are sterile fibrinous vegetations that preferentially develop at the left-sided heart valves. Reports of their prevalence range from 53 to 74%. Libman-Sacks endocarditis is associated with disease activity and antiphospholipid antibodies titer. Echocardiography is a useful tool for documenting valvular involvement and dysfunction as well as disease progression. Transesophageal echocardiography is superior to transthoracic echocardiography in detecting Libman-Sacks endocarditis. This report describes the echocardiographic image of Libman-Sacks endocarditis in a patient with active lupus erithematosus.

[Epidemiological study of sepsis in Mexican intensive care units].

BACKGROUND: Consistent data about sepsis in Mexico are lacking. The objective of this epidemiological study is to better define the incidence, characteristics and outcome of sepsis in Mexican intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: This is a multicenter, transverse study performed in both private and public ICUs. Demographic data, comorbid diseases and clinical and laboratory data were collected prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 135 ICUs from 24 states of Mexico were studied. From 40,957 annual hospitalizations 11,183 were due to sepsis, which represented 27.3% of admissions to ICU. From 11,183 patients with sepsis, 3402 died, representing a mortality rate of 30.4%. The most frequent sepsis trigger was abdominal infection (47%) followed by pulmonary infection (33%), soft tissue infection (8%) and kidney infection (7%); 5% were from other sources (neurological, osteoarticular). From the isolated bacteria, 52% were gram negative, 38% gram positive and 10% fungal infection; 60% of the private hospital ICUs and 40% of public hospital ICUs applied the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (p<0.05). In 50% of each of the ICUs, they adhere to the campaign recommendations. Costs in septic patients are high. CONCLUSIONS: This study documents the high incidence of sepsis in Mexican ICUs, with high mortality rate and low adherence to Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Our data suggest that sepsis is a public health problem in Mexico.

[Pulmonary ultrasound in the intensive care unit].

Pulmonary ultrasonography (PUSG) is a new diagnostic tool for pleuropulmonary disease in the critically ill patient. Images obtained in this study result from the interaction between the ultrasound shaft with the pleura, the pulmonary parenchyma and the air/liquid interface. These images are classified as horizontal and vertical. Their correct identification and interpretation requires a learning curve. Currently, PUSG is an excellent alternative to evaluate pulmonary condition of hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Sensitivity and specificity are high for pneumothorax, alveolar-interstitial syndrome and pleural effusion diagnosis. PUSG practiced in the ICU is one of the most promising diagnostic procedures in intensive care medicine, and the practice and indications of this tool will surely extend in the coming years. The objective of this study is to make known the general principles of PUSG and their use in the critically ill patient, based on cases of hospitalized patients in the ICU of the Medica Sur Clinical Foundation that were studied with PUSG.

Ultrasonido pulmonar en la unidad de terapia intensiva: fundamentos y aplicaciones clínicas / Pulmonary ultrasound in the intensive care unit

El ultrasonido pulmonar es una nueva herramienta para el diagnóstico de enfermedades pleuropulmonares en el enfermo grave. Las imágenes que se obtienen resultan de la interacción del haz ultrasónico con la pleura, el parénquima pulmonar y la interfase aire-líquido; se clasifican en horizontales y verticales. Para su correcta identificación e interpretación se requiere una curva de aprendizaje. El ultrasonido pulmonar se ha posicionado como una excelente alternativa para evaluar el estado pulmonar de los enfermos internados en la unidad de terapia intensiva. Tiene una elevada sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico de pneumotórax, síndrome alvéolo-intersticial y derrame pleural. Es uno de los procedimientos diagnósticos más promisorios en la medicina intensiva, por lo que seguramente se extenderá su práctica e indicaciones en los años venideros. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer a la comunidad médica los principios generales de este procedimiento y sus aplicaciones en el enfermo grave, conforme la experiencia en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva de la Fundación Clínica Médica Sur.

Pulmonary ultrasonography (PUSG) is a new diagnostic tool for pleuropulmonary disease in the critically ill patient. Images obtained in this study result from the interaction between the ultrasound shaft with the pleura, the pulmonary parenchyma and the air/liquid interface. These images are classified as horizontal and vertical. Their correct identification and interpretation requires a learning curve. Currently, PUSG is an excellent alternative to evaluate pulmonary condition of hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Sensitivity and specificity are high for pneumothorax, alveolar-interstitial syndrome and pleural effusion diagnosis. PUSG practiced in the ICU is one of the most promising diagnostic procedures in intensive care medicine, and the practice and indications of this tool will surely extend in the coming years. The objective of this study is to make known the general principles of PUSG and their use in the critically ill patient, based on cases of hospitalized patients in the ICU of the Medica Sur Clinical Foundation that were studied with PUSG.

Estudio epidemiológico de la sepsis en unidades de terapia intensiva mexicanas / Epidemiological study of sepsis in Mexican intensive care units

Introducción: En la actualidad no existen datos del comportamiento de la sepsis en México. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la incidencia, características y evolución de la sepsis en unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) mexicanas. Material y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, transversal en UTI públicas y privadas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 135 UTI de 24 estados de la República mexicana. De 40 957 internamientos anuales, se presentaron 11 183 sepsis (27.3 %); la mortalidad por esta causa fue de 30.4 %. El 87 % (2953 pacientes) correspondió a UTI públicas y 13 % (449 enfermos) a privadas, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.01). Las etiologías más frecuentes de sepsis fueron infección de punto de partida abdominal en 47 %, pulmonar en 33 %, tejidos blandos en 8 %, renal en 7 % y miscelánea en 5 %. De las bacterias aisladas, 52 % correspondió a gramnegativas, 38 % a grampositivas y 10 % a hongos. En 60 % de las UTI privadas y en 40 % de las públicas se tenía conocimiento de la Campaña para Incrementar la Sobrevida en Sepsis (p < 0.05). Los costos de atención de los enfermos con sepsis son elevados. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio ponen de manifiesto la elevada incidencia, costos y mortalidad de sepsis en las UTI de México, así como la baja adherencia a la Campaña para Incrementar la Sobrevida en Sepsis. Lo anterior coloca a la sepsis como un problema emergente de salud pública en México.

BACKGROUND: Consistent data about sepsis in Mexico are lacking. The objective of this epidemiological study is to better define the incidence, characteristics and outcome of sepsis in Mexican intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: This is a multicenter, transverse study performed in both private and public ICUs. Demographic data, comorbid diseases and clinical and laboratory data were collected prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 135 ICUs from 24 states of Mexico were studied. From 40,957 annual hospitalizations 11,183 were due to sepsis, which represented 27.3% of admissions to ICU. From 11,183 patients with sepsis, 3402 died, representing a mortality rate of 30.4%. The most frequent sepsis trigger was abdominal infection (47%) followed by pulmonary infection (33%), soft tissue infection (8%) and kidney infection (7%); 5% were from other sources (neurological, osteoarticular). From the isolated bacteria, 52% were gram negative, 38% gram positive and 10% fungal infection; 60% of the private hospital ICUs and 40% of public hospital ICUs applied the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (p<0.05). In 50% of each of the ICUs, they adhere to the campaign recommendations. Costs in septic patients are high. CONCLUSIONS: This study documents the high incidence of sepsis in Mexican ICUs, with high mortality rate and low adherence to Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Our data suggest that sepsis is a public health problem in Mexico.