ABSTRACT
The structure-human CXCR3 binding affinity relationship of a series of pyridyl/pyrazinyl-piperazinyl-piperidine derivatives were explored with a focus to improve PK, hERG and metabolic profiles. Several small heterocycles were identified as amide surrogates, which minimized many potential metabolite issues. During the course of SAR development, we have observed the additive effect of desirable functional groups to improve hERG and PK profiles which lead to the discovery of many clinically developable CXCR3 antagonists with excellent overall profile.
Subject(s)
Amides/pharmacology , Drug Discovery , Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/metabolism , Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology , Receptors, CXCR3/antagonists & inhibitors , Amides/administration & dosage , Amides/chemistry , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Heterocyclic Compounds/administration & dosage , Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry , Humans , Molecular Structure , Rats , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The SAR of a novel pyrazinyl-piperazinyl-piperidine scaffold with CXCR3 receptor antagonist activity was explored. Optimization of the DMPK profile and reduction of hERG inhibition is described. Compound 16e with single-digit CXCR3 affinity, good rat PK and hERG profiles has been identified as a lead for further study.
Subject(s)
Piperazines/chemistry , Pyrazines/chemistry , Receptors, CXCR3/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Molecular Structure , Piperazines/pharmacology , Protein Binding/drug effects , Pyrazines/pharmacology , Rats , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The structure-human CXCR3 binding affinity relationship of a series of pyridyl-piperazinyl-piperidine derivatives was explored. The optimization campaign highlighted the pronounced effect of 2'-piperazine substitution on CXCR3 receptor affinity. Analog 18j, harboring a 2'(S)-ethylpiperazine moiety, exhibited a human CXCR3 IC(50) of 0.2 nM.
Subject(s)
Piperazines/chemical synthesis , Piperidines/chemical synthesis , Pyridines/chemical synthesis , Receptors, CXCR3/agonists , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Molecular Structure , Piperazine , Piperazines/chemistry , Piperazines/pharmacology , Piperidines/chemistry , Piperidines/pharmacology , Pyridines/chemistry , Pyridines/pharmacology , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
High-throughput screening of an encoded combinatorial aryl piperazine library led to the identification of a novel series of potent piperazinyl-piperidine based CXCR3 antagonists. Analogs of the initial hit were synthesized via solid and solution phase methods to probe the influence of structure on the CXCR3 binding of these molecules. Various functional groups were found to contribute to the overall potency and essential molecular features were identified.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Piperazines/chemistry , Piperidines/chemistry , Receptors, CXCR3/antagonists & inhibitors , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemical synthesis , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques , Humans , Piperazines/chemical synthesis , Piperazines/pharmacology , Piperidines/chemical synthesis , Piperidines/pharmacology , Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
At the time of writing, there are seven marketed kinase inhibitor drugs. The first kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesilate (Gleevec, Novartis), came to market in 2001, an inhibitor of the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)/Abelson murine leukemia oncogene homolog (ABL) fusion, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, and c-kit kinases. The most recent kinase inhibitor to come to market, disatinib (Sprycel, Bristol-Myers Squibb), acts on c-SRC, ABL and Bruton's tyrosine kinase. To date, kinase inhibitor drugs are approved for oncology and demonstrate that it is possible to develop compounds with relative selectivity for the target kinase against the broader kinome. However, the use of kinase inhibitors in chronic inflammatory and immunologic diseases may require greater selectivity for the target kinase. This review addresses the opportunities and challenges of kinase inhibition as a therapeutic approach in chronic immune and inflammatory disease.
