ABSTRACT
Background: Motion of a solid body involves translation and rotation. Few investigations examine the isolated translational and rotational components associated with disc arthroplasty devices. This study investigates single- and multi-level cervical disc arthroplasty with respect to index and adjacent level range of motion. The investigators hypothesized that single- and multilevel cervical disc replacement will lead to comparable or improved motion at implanted and adjacent levels. Methods: Seven human cervical spines from C2 to C7 were subjected to displacement-controlled loading in flexion, extension, and lateral bending under intact, 1-Level (C5-C6), 2-Level (C5-C6, C6-C7) and 3-Level (C5-C6, C6-C7, C4-C5) conditions. 3D motions sensors were mounted at C4, C5, and C6. Motion data for translations and rotations at each level for each surgical condition and loading mode were compared to intact conditions. Results: 1-Level: The index surgery resulted in statistically increased translations in extension and lateral bending at all levels with statistically increased translation observed in flexion in the superior and inferior levels. In rotation, the index surgeries decreased rotation under flexion, with remaining levels not statistically different to intact conditions. 2-Level: A device placed inferiorly resulted in statistically increased translations at all levels in extension with statistically increased translations superior and inferior to the index level in flexion. Lateral bending resulted in increased nonsignificant translations. Rotations were elevated or comparable to the intact level for all loading. 3-Level: Translations were statistically increased for all levels in all loading modes while rotations were elevated or were comparable to the intact level for all loading modes and levels. Conclusions: Micromotion sensors permitted monitoring and recording of small magnitude angulations and translations using a loading mechanism that did not over constrain cervical segmental motion. Multilevel cervical disc arthroplasty yielded comparable or increased overall motion at the index and adjacent levels compared to intact conditions.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Perioperative outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with super super obesity (SSO) (BMI ≥ 60 kg/m2) merit further investigation. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of patients with SSO who underwent surgery from Jun 2005 through Jun 2018 at a Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Center of Excellence. Quantitative demographic data was summarized using descriptive statistics; categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Two hundred fourteen procedures were performed, of which 208 were eligible for inclusion. Majority were female (65.4%). The mean age and BMI was 43 (17-68 years) and 65.9 kg/m2 (60 95 kg/m2), respectively. Comorbidities included: obstructive sleep apnea (74%), hypertension (59%), gastro-esophageal reflux disease (43%), osteoarthritis (41%), and diabetes mellitus (30%). Surgical approach: 97 Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (46%), 88 laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies (42%), and 23 adjustable gastric bands (11%). Additional subset included: primary (87%), conversion (7.7%), and revision (5.3%); majority being laparoscopic (75%) and robotic (24%). Complications via Clavien-Dindo classification: one Grade I, one Grade II, three Grade IIIa, three Grade IIIb, and three Grade IVa. Thirty-day events: 11 complications (5.3%; one leak [0.5%], one deep vein thrombosis [0.5%]), six re-admissions (3%), four re-operations (2%): repair of staple-line leak, repair of incisional hernia, uterine dilation and curettage, and cholecystectomy. No mortalities occurred. Complications occurred in 14.8% of conversion/revision cases, 3.9% in primary cases (p = 0.0395) with no difference observed between laparoscopic (4.5%) and robotic (6.1%) modalities (p = 0.7051). CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery is feasible in patients with SSO. Revision procedures may increase risk of operative complications.
