ABSTRACT
Tandem ring opening, elimination, and cycloaddition of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes were observed in Yb(OTf)3-catalyzed cycloaddition with nitrosoarenes. The reaction results in formation of tetrahydro-1,2-oxazine instead of the normal cycloadduct isoxazolidine via in situ nitrone formation. A similar cascade sequence was observed with cis-diazines. Mechanistic studies on this unique transformation offer an entirely new approach for reaction design with donor-acceptor cyclopropanes.
ABSTRACT
This account describes a strategy for directly forming three of the six rings found in the polyketide natural product hirsutellone B via a novel cyclization cascade. The key step in our approach comprises two transformations: a large-ring-forming, nucleophilic capture of a transient acylketene and an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, both of which occur in tandem through thermolyses of appropriately functionalized, polyunsaturated dioxinones. These thermally induced "double cyclization" cascades generate three new bonds, four contiguous stereocenters, and a significant fraction of the polycyclic architecture of hirsutellone B. The advanced macrolactam and macrolactone intermediates that were synthesized by this process possess key features of the hirsutellone framework, including the stereochemically dense decahydrofluorene core and the strained para-cyclophane ring. However, attempts to complete the carbon skeleton of hirsutellone B via transannular carbon-carbon bond formation were undermined by competitive O-alkylation reactions. This account also documents how we adapted to this undesired outcome through an evaluation of several distinct strategies for synthesis, as well as our eventual achievement of a formal total synthesis of hirsutellone B.
Subject(s)
Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/chemical synthesis , Polyketides/chemistry , Alkylation , Cyclization , Cycloaddition Reaction , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/chemistry , Molecular Structure , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
A stereodivergent synthesis of the [3.3.1] bicyclic core of edaxadiene was completed utilizing a key intramolecular oxidative ketone allylation. Significant discrepancies between the spectroscopic data obtained for the synthetic construct and the natural isolate raised questions about the structural assignment of edaxadiene. A subsequent structural reassignment was validated by completion of a total synthesis of the correct structure of the natural product.
ABSTRACT
The construction of heterocyclic compounds from activated cyclopropane derivatives offers an alternative strategy for the preparation of molecules that may be of interest from a structural or biological standpoint. Several newly developed methods provide access to densely functionalized heterocycles in a manner that can be considered useful for both diversity- and target-oriented synthetic approaches. This tutorial review focuses on the latter, describing recent developments and applications of cyclopropane ring-expansion reactions in natural product synthesis.
Subject(s)
Biological Products/chemical synthesis , Cyclopropanes/chemistry , Heterocyclic Compounds/chemical synthesis , CyclizationABSTRACT
The architecturally sophisticated skeleton of the immunosuppressive alkaloid FR901483 was assembled via a process relying on the reaction of an in situ generated imine with a suitably disposed donor-acceptor cyclopropane. A short sequence of functional group transformations provided the natural product in an efficient manner.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/chemical synthesis , Immunosuppressive Agents/chemical synthesis , Organophosphorus Compounds/chemical synthesis , Alkaloids/chemistry , Hypocreales/chemistry , Immunosuppressive Agents/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Organophosphorus Compounds/chemistryABSTRACT
The first total synthesis of the indole alkaloid mersicarpine is reported. Key steps include a beta-dicarbonyl radical cyclization, as well as an oxidation of the benzopyrrole moiety to establish the masked 1,2-dicarbonyl functionality. An X-ray crystal structure and discussion of the 1H NMR behavior of the natural product are also presented.
Subject(s)
Indole Alkaloids/chemical synthesis , Apocynaceae/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Indole Alkaloids/chemistry , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
[Chemical reaction: see text] Aldimines, generated in situ by the reaction of primary amines or anilines with aldehydes, undergo smooth reaction with various 1,1-cyclopropanediesters in the presence of catalytic Yb(OTf)3. The products are pyrrolidines in which the major diastereomer bears a cis relationship between substituents at the 2- and 5-positions. In most cases the diastereoselectivity is greater than 10:1.
