Doping use among young elite cyclists: a qualitative psychosociological approach.

Using a psychosociological approach, the purpose of this study was to identify and understand the use of doping substances by young elite cyclists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young cyclists who were hoping to find a professional team and cyclists who had recently become professional. All of the young cyclists interviewed took nutritional supplements and believed that they improved their performance, which has been shown by other scholars to be a risk factor for doping. These cyclists believed that doping at the professional level in cycling was acceptable but did not approve of it at the amateur level. They were attracted to doping; they were open to using doping substances themselves if it was the key to continuing their cycling career, but only after they became professional. Team staff, doctors, parents and friends helped to create a "clean" environment that prevented the young cyclists from doping before becoming professional. The more experienced cyclists, who doped or used to dope, transmitted the culture of doping to the young cyclists, teaching them doping methods and which substances to use. This study could help to improve prevention and help to detect doping, as it is clear that doping behaviors begin at the amateur level.

Deporting "Ah Sin" to save the white race: moral panic, racialization, and the extension of Canadian drug laws in the 1920s.

This article argues that a Vancouver anti-drug campaign was critical to the extension of Canada's drug laws in the early 1920s. The highly racialized drug panic resulted in extraordinarily severe drug legislation including six-month sentences for possession. This had particularly devastating effects on Chinese-Canadians who were targeted by enforcement officials and faced the possibility of deportation. However, the drug panic also affected drug users of all backgrounds who for long afterwards faced lengthy sentences for possession as well as civil liberties violations such as extraordinary search legislation and restrictions on the right to an appeal.

Spigelian hernia

A case of spigelian hernia is described. It is pointed out that in a population where many types of abdominal hernia are common, such cases may be encountered from time to time. Some features of the surgical anatomy are indicated and the danger of strangulation explained on the basis of these. (AU)

The principle of central sterile supply and its application in the University College Hospital of the West Indies

The development of the organization for central sterile supply in the University College Hospital of the West Indies has been described. The unusual features of the hospital have dictated a policy of improvision and interdependence with other hospital services. Certain benefits of the organization to the hospital are claimed, most notably the facilitation of a high standard of asepsis throughout the hospital and a valuable adjunct to the training of nurses

The surgical treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer in Jamaica

A description is given of the experience and observations on the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer of one surgeon working in the University College Hospital of the West Indies between 1952 and 1955. Comment is made upon the frequency of this condition in poorer people, particularly cultivators,and the absence of continuous hyperchlorhydria in these patients. Forty cases have been treated surgically, and 32 followed up. A standard subtotal gastrectomyoperation was performed and the results found generally satisfactory. Post-operative anaemia and failure to gain weight, however, are aired as valid reasons for modification of the operation henceforth to allow passage of food through the duodenum. The relative frequency of haemorrhage from, and perforation of duodenal ulcer have been noted. Various suggestions have been made concerning the reasons for this, and also the uncommon appearance of the classical peritonism of perforated duodenal ulcer (AU)