ABSTRACT
Background: Our objective was to identify non-malignant factors that contribute to mortality in children, adolescents and young adults, aiming to improve patient follow-up and reduce mortality rates to achieve better survival outcomes. Methods: We analyzed 8,239 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 in the USA. Using version 8.4.0.1 of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)*Stat software, we calculated the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each cause of death. Results: Out of the 3,165 deaths observed in the study population, the majority (2,245;70.9%) were attributed to AML itself, followed by non-AML cancers (573; 18.1%) and non-cancerous causes (347; 10.9%). Conclusions: Patients with AML are at a higher risk of developing other types of cancer and granulocyte deficiencies, which increases the risk of death from non-cancerous causes such as infections. Moreover, treatment for AML carries the risk of cardiac problems. AML is commoner in males than females.
ABSTRACT
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic spread across the globe, including across the Mediterranean basin. This region presents diversity in economy, culture, and societal affairs. We attempted to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the population and on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), our aim being to aid in the development of COVID-19 national plans. Methods: Epidemiological data was obtained from 'Our World in Data' databases (January 2020 - July 2021). Case, mortality, and vaccination incidence comparisons were made across neighbouring countries. The SDG index, universal health coverage (UHC) and health workforce targets were collected for each country. Correlations between SDG targets and COVID-19 outcomes were analysed. Results: Similarities in morbidity and mortality outcomes were present across neighbouring countries, with a bidirectional relationship between cumulative fully vaccinated population and infectivity fatality rates. Positive relationships were present between SDG indexes, UHC and health workforces and COVID-19 cases, deaths, and vaccinations. Conclusion: At prima face, high-income countries seem to have sustained worse morbidity and mortality outcomes, despite having had better UHC and a greater health workforce in the pre-COVID-19 era however, one must also consider that factors such as health-seeking behaviour and underdiagnosis may have influenced this. Cross-border infectivity was, however, evident. Pan-Mediterranean action must therefore be taken to ensure COVID-19 transmissibility and mortality are reduced across borders, while ensuring an equitable health outcome across populations.
