ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Prevalence of obesity in childhood has increased over the past few decades. The impact of obesity and of obesity-related metabolic disorders on testicular growth is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance on testicular volume (TV) in pre-pubertal (<9 years), peri-pubertal (9-14 years), and post-pubertal (14-16 years) periods. METHODS: We collected data on TV, age, standard deviation score (SDS) of the body mass index (BMI), insulin, and fasting glycemia in 268 children and adolescents followed-up for weight control. RESULTS: Peri-pubertal boys with normal weight had a significantly higher TV compared to those with overweight or obesity. No difference was found in the other age ranges when data were grouped according to BMI. Pre- and post-pubertal children/adolescents with normal insulin levels had significantly higher TV compared to those with hyperinsulinemia. Peri-pubertal boys with hyperinsulinemia had significantly higher TV compared to those with normal insulin levels. Post-pubertal adolescents with insulin resistance had lower TV and peri-pubertal boys had higher TV compared to those without insulin resistance. No difference was found in pre-puberty. CONCLUSIONS: Closer control of the body weight and the associated metabolic alterations in childhood and adolescence may maintain testicular function later in life.
Subject(s)
Hyperinsulinism , Insulin Resistance , Pediatric Obesity , Male , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Puberty , Insulin , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Colic has been associated with shedding of Salmonella. Horses with salmonellosis typically develop diarrhea, fever, and leukopenia. Overlooking additional predictors may result in failure to detect shedding horses and increase environmental contamination. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate associations between signalment and clinicopathologic data during early hospitalization and Salmonella shedding in horses treated for acute colic. ANIMALS: Horses with acute colic admitted to a referral hospital. A total of 59 horses shedding Salmonella compared to 108 Salmonella-negative horses. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study evaluating patient and Salmonella culture data. Associations between variables and Salmonella shedding were identified using logistic regression. Two multivariable models were developed pertaining to (1) information available within 24 hours of admission and (2) clinical findings that developed later during hospitalization. RESULTS: Variables retained for multivariable model 1 indicated that Warmbloods and Arabians had increased odds for shedding Salmonella, as did horses requiring surgery (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.10-5.75) or having more severe gastrointestinal disease (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.08-6.20). Retained variables for model 2 demonstrated that horses that were treated surgically (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.70-3.62), developed fever >103°F (OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 0.92-7.87), had abnormal leukocyte count (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.61-3.09), or became inappetent and lethargic (OR, 16.69; 95% CI, 4.08-68.24) had increased odds for shedding Salmonella. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In horses with acute colic that present without signs of diarrhea, fever, or leukopenia, additional predictors associated with shedding Salmonella could be used to more promptly identify horses likely to shed organisms.
Subject(s)
Colic/veterinary , Horse Diseases/microbiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Animals , Case-Control Studies , Colic/complications , Colic/microbiology , Colic/pathology , Diarrhea/microbiology , Diarrhea/veterinary , Feces/microbiology , Horse Diseases/pathology , Horses , Logistic Models , Retrospective Studies , Salmonella Infections, Animal/pathologyABSTRACT
The development of the Multimedia Electronic Medical Record System (MEMRS) promises new opportunities to significantly reduce the routine use of film as the medium for viewing radiological medical images. The effect of this change to digital media on physician workflow and the perceived value and utility of medical images is an area of ongoing investigation. In this study we examined oncology clinicians use of medical images in a MEMRS. We conducted observational studies of clinicians during a filmless radiology pilot study in which a filmless environment was simulated but the actual film was available on request. This observational study was the first step in a comprehensive evaluation designed to elucidate the issues surrounding the implementation of a filmless radiology environment. We identified and examined several of these issues, including physician concern regarding the utility of digital images for clinical use and comparison with film, the need to address the effects of image compression with clinicians, and the workflow changes necessary to incorporate digital image use into a clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Attitude to Computers , Multimedia , Radiology Information Systems , Attitude of Health Personnel , Humans , Medical Oncology , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Pilot Projects , Radiology Information Systems/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Deficit in social interaction is a primary component of infantile autism. However, in the majority of drug studies, social interaction has not been measured consistently over time. Therefore, we examined, in a crossover design, the effect of fenfluramine on the social interactions of seven autistic children. Social interaction was measured one to three times per week, while the children were in open placebo, placebo, or drug phases of the study. The results demonstrated that the effect of fenfluramine on social interaction was inconsistent across children, with two children possibly demonstrating a tolerance to the behavioral effects of the drug. The results are discussed with respect to genetic and pharmacologic factors.
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/drug therapy , Fenfluramine/therapeutic use , Social Behavior , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Hyperkinesis/drug therapy , MaleABSTRACT
Whole blood serotonin (5HT) concentrations were measured in a group of children and adolescents to determine a reference range for this population. Blood was collected after at least a 6-hour fast, mixed with ascorbic acid and EDTA, and frozen at -70 degrees C until analysis. 5HT was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Matrix-matched whole blood standards and controls were used to determine 5HT concentrations, and monitor performance of the assay. 5HT concentrations in boys ranged from 0.53 to 3.13 mumol/L (mean = 1.27, SD = 0.47) while the range for girls was 0.63 to 2.46 mumol/L (mean = 1.21, SD = 0.47). There was no significant difference in 5HT concentrations between boys and girls, nor was there any significant change in 5HT concentration with age. The nonparametric central 95 percent reference range for boys and girls was determined to be 0.64-2.45 mumol/L.
Subject(s)
Serotonin/blood , Adolescent , Blood Specimen Collection , Child , Child, Preschool , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Electrochemistry , Female , Humans , Indicators and Reagents , Ion Exchange Resins , Male , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Fragile X (or Martin-Bell) syndrome, a common, genetic, mental retardation disorder is increasingly being recognized as a major cause of cognitive disability and psychiatric illness in boys. Here, we present a study in which relatives in 4 generations of a large family with the fra(X) chromosome were given comprehensive psychiatric evaluations in order to further describe the psychopathology associated with this condition. Three of 4 males with the fra(X) chromosome were found to have autistic behavior. An adult fra(X) male had a chronic schizoaffective disorder and mental retardation. In female relatives, a relationship was found between the fra(X) carrier status and psychopathology including schizoaffective and major affective disorders.
Subject(s)
Fragile X Syndrome/psychology , Mental Disorders/genetics , Sex Chromosome Aberrations/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Autistic Disorder/genetics , Bipolar Disorder/genetics , Child , Depressive Disorder/genetics , Female , Fragile X Syndrome/genetics , Heterozygote , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mood Disorders/genetics , Pedigree , Psychotic Disorders/genetics , Schizophrenia/geneticsSubject(s)
Aortic Valve Stenosis , Autistic Disorder , Hypercalcemia , Aortic Valve Stenosis/physiopathology , Aortic Valve Stenosis/psychology , Autistic Disorder/physiopathology , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Child , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Face/abnormalities , Female , Humans , Hypercalcemia/physiopathology , Hypercalcemia/psychology , Language Development Disorders/physiopathology , Language Development Disorders/psychology , Male , SyndromeABSTRACT
Se presenta una serie de 26 pacientes en los cuales fue necesario ligar la arteria hepatica o sus remas, se citan la condiciones que lo motivaron y los resultados observados. Se comenta el estudio de las modificaciones del flujo vascular hepatico en diversas situaciones y se lo relaciona con la mencionada serie arribando a conclusiones que creemos importantes
Subject(s)
Hepatic Artery , Ischemia , LaparoscopyABSTRACT
Se presenta una serie de 26 pacientes en los cuales fue necesario ligar la arteria hepatica o sus remas, se citan la condiciones que lo motivaron y los resultados observados. Se comenta el estudio de las modificaciones del flujo vascular hepatico en diversas situaciones y se lo relaciona con la mencionada serie arribando a conclusiones que creemos importantes
Subject(s)
Hepatic Artery , Ischemia , LaparoscopyABSTRACT
Se presenta la experiencia obtenida en el tratamiento quirurgico en 3 pacientes portadores de fistulas gastroyeyunocolicas.Se destacan las ventajas del procedimiento quirurgico en un solo tiempo con hiperalimentacion parenteral previa
Subject(s)
Colonic Diseases , Jejunal Diseases , Gastric Fistula , Intestinal FistulaABSTRACT
Se presenta la experiencia obtenida en el tratamiento quirurgico en 3 pacientes portadores de fistulas gastroyeyunocolicas.Se destacan las ventajas del procedimiento quirurgico en un solo tiempo con hiperalimentacion parenteral previa
