ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder affecting dental enamel. Among its phenotypes, hypocalcified AI is characterized by mineral deficiency, leading to tissue wear and, consequently, dental sensitivity. Excessive fluoride intake (through drinking water, fluoride supplements, toothpaste, or by ingesting products such as pesticides or insecticides) can lead to a condition known as dental fluorosis, which manifests as stains and teeth discoloration affecting their structure. Our recent studies have shown that extracts from Colombian native plants, Ilex guayusa and Piper marginatum, deposit mineral ions such as phosphate and orthophosphate into the dental enamel structure; however, it is unknown whether these extracts produce toxic effects on the dental pulp. OBJECTIVE: To assess cytotoxicity effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) exposed to extracts isolated from I. guayusa and P. marginatum and, hence, their safety for clinical use. METHODS: Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry techniques were employed. For Raman spectroscopy, hDPSCs were seeded onto nanobiochips designed to provide surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS effect), which enhances their Raman signal by several orders of magnitude. After eight days in culture, I. guayusa and P. marginatum extracts at different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 ppm) were added. Raman measurements were performed at 0, 12, and 24 h following extract application. Fluorescence microscopy was conducted using an OLIMPUS fv1000 microscope, a live-dead assay was performed using a kit employing a BD FACS Canto TM II flow cytometer, and data analysis was determined using a FlowJo program. RESULTS: The Raman spectroscopy results showed spectra consistent with viable cells. These findings were corroborated using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques, confirming high cellular viability. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity, suggesting that they could be safely applied on enamel for remineralization purposes. The use of nanobiochips for SERS effect improved the cell viability assessment.
ABSTRACT
Although the most important primary local inflammatory response factor to intubation is not yet clear, it is known that it may be directly attributed to the presence of trauma during intubation or the response of oral bacterial flora present in the trachea. It is known that prolonged intubation is associated with worse outcomes, but other underlying systemic issues, such as sepsis and trauma, are also associated with this result. Likewise, patients who require advanced airway management and excessive manipulation are more likely to experience complications. There are various inflammatory mediators that are generated during orotracheal intubation, many of which can be considered targets for therapies to help reduce inflammation caused by intubation. However, there is little evidence on the management of the inflammatory response induced by orotracheal intubation in pediatric patients. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to highlight the intubation associated complications that can arise from poorly controlled inflammation in intubated pediatric patients, review the proposed pathophysiology behind this, and discuss the current treatments that exist. Finally, taking into account the discussion on pathophysiology, we describe the current therapies being developed and future directions that can be taken in order to create more treatment options within this patient population.
Subject(s)
Intubation, Intratracheal , Trachea , Humans , Child , Retrospective Studies , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , InflammationABSTRACT
Objetivo: identificar la satisfacción de los actores del proceso formativo en la asignatura Morfofisiología II en la Facultad de Medicina No. I. Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en los meses de diciembre del 2012 a enero del 2013. Los instrumentos de evaluación fueron diseñados para ser llenados de forma anónima por estudiantes de 8 brigadas del primer año de la carrera de Medicina y por profesores del colectivo de la asignatura Morfofisiología II. Resultados: se obtuvo la valoración que dieron los estudiantes y profesores en relación con la calidad de la actividad docente, el uso de la literatura docente, los recursos para la preparación de la docencia y las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con el poco tiempo que media para su preparación individual entre la Conferencia Orientadora y la Clase Taller así como la poca disponibilidad de recursos para la enseñanza. Las mayores insatisfacciones fueron las insuficientes condiciones para el desarrollo de la docencia, dificultades de la literatura docente básica y también la ausencia de medios auxiliares elementales para el desarrollo de habilidades propias de la asignatura. Conclusiones: el proceso formativo fue evaluado de forma general como regular por los profesores y de bueno por los estudiantes, aunque se destacaron de forma negativa la limitación de recursos y las insatisfacciones con el poco tiempo de que disponen ambos actores para su autopreparación y la realización del estudio independiente(AU)
Objective: to identify the level of satisfaction of the formative process actors in Morphophisiology II subject at the medical school no. 1 located in Santiago de Cuba province. Method: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from December 2012 through January 2013. The assessment instruments were designed to be anonymously filled out by the students from 8 first-year brigades of the medical career and by Morphophisiolology II professors. Results: the students´ and teachers´ opinions about the quality of the teaching activities, the use of teaching literature and the resources for preparing classes were collected. The main difficulties lay in the short time elapsing between the guiding lecture and the workshop class for individual preparation and the low availability of resources for teaching. The major dissatisfactions were inadequate conditions for teaching development, difficulties in obtaining basic educational literature and the lack of elementary aids for the development of those abilities inherent to the subject. Conclusions: the formative process was rated as regular by the professors and as good by the students, although restricted resources and dissatisfactions for little time available for self-preparation and independent study were underlined as negative aspects(AU)
Subject(s)
Faculty , Professional Competence , Educational Measurement/methodsABSTRACT
Objetivo: identificar la satisfacción de los actores del proceso formativo en la asignatura Morfofisiología II en la Facultad de Medicina No. I. Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en los meses de diciembre del 2012 a enero del 2013. Los instrumentos de evaluación fueron diseñados para ser llenados de forma anónima por estudiantes de 8 brigadas del primer año de la carrera de Medicina y por profesores del colectivo de la asignatura Morfofisiología II. Resultados: se obtuvo la valoración que dieron los estudiantes y profesores en relación con la calidad de la actividad docente, el uso de la literatura docente, los recursos para la preparación de la docencia y las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con el poco tiempo que media para su preparación individual entre la Conferencia Orientadora y la Clase Taller así como la poca disponibilidad de recursos para la enseñanza. Las mayores insatisfacciones fueron las insuficientes condiciones para el desarrollo de la docencia, dificultades de la literatura docente básica y también la ausencia de medios auxiliares elementales para el desarrollo de habilidades propias de la asignatura. Conclusiones: el proceso formativo fue evaluado de forma general como regular por los profesores y de bueno por los estudiantes, aunque se destacaron de forma negativa la limitación de recursos y las insatisfacciones con el poco tiempo de que disponen ambos actores para su autopreparación y la realización del estudio independiente
Objective: to identify the level of satisfaction of the formative process actors in Morphophisiology II subject at the medical school no. 1 located in Santiago de Cuba province. Method: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from December 2012 through January 2013. The assessment instruments were designed to be anonymously filled out by the students from 8 first-year brigades of the medical career and by Morphophisiolology II professors. Results: the students´ and teachers´ opinions about the quality of the teaching activities, the use of teaching literature and the resources for preparing classes were collected. The main difficulties lay in the short time elapsing between the guiding lecture and the workshop class for individual preparation and the low availability of resources for teaching. The major dissatisfactions were inadequate conditions for teaching development, difficulties in obtaining basic educational literature and the lack of elementary aids for the development of those abilities inherent to the subject. Conclusions: the formative process was rated as regular by the professors and as good by the students, although restricted resources and dissatisfactions for little time available for self-preparation and independent study were underlined as negative aspects
Subject(s)
Educational Measurement/methods , Faculty , Professional CompetenceABSTRACT
Se evaluaron 120 historias de pacientes, ingresados al Instituto en el lapso 1983-1990, en los que el diagnóstico definitivo fue Cáncer Colo-Rectal. Se analizaron las características clínicas, epidemiológicas, endoscópicas, radiológicas y patológicas de los diversos pacientes, así como su evolución de acuerdo a diversos parámetros (Edad, CEA. Dukes) y tratamiento. El diagnóstico tardío (10,8% de los casos diagnosticados por cuadros de obstrucción intestinal, el estadio avanzado de la enfermedad), (48,3% de casos correspondientes a Dukes C y D), y la alta tasa de mortalidad (34,1% de casos fallecidos antes del primer año del diagnóstico); siguen siendo los problemas básicos por controlar. El hallazgo de un alto porcentaje de cáncer en sujetos menores de 40 años (25,8%) y de cáncer de localización rectal (49,1%), nos obliga a plantearnos la posibilidad de controlar la enfermedad en nuestro medio mediante la evaluación colonica integral, de toda persona joven con clínica, equívoca, pero facilmente atribuible a enfermedad hemorroidal o amibiasis
