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1.
Phys Med ; 45: 1-5, 2018 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29472073

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To propose a geometrical margin for definition of the vaginal cuff PTV using only CT images of the full bladder (CTfull) in postoperative cervical cancer patients. METHODS: Twenty-nine operated cervical cancer patients underwent volumetric arc therapy with a bladder filling protocol. This study assessed bladder filling using a portable bladder scanner and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) during the entire treatment period. The measured bladder volumes with a BladderScan® were compared with the delineated volume on CBCT. Titanium clips in the vaginal cuff were analysed to assess geometrical uncertainty and the influence of rectal and bladder volume changes. RESULTS: BladderScan® showed good agreement with the delineated volume (R = 0.80). The volume changes in the bladder have a greater influence on the clip displacements than in the rectum. The 95th percentile of uncertainty of the clips in reference to CTfull in the right-left (RL), the superoinferior (SI), and the anteroposterior (AP) was 0.32, 0.65, and 1.15 cm, respectively. From this result and intra-fractional movements of the vaginal cuff reported by Haripotepornkul, a new geometrical margin was proposed for definition of the vaginal cuff planning target volume (PTV): 0.5, 0.9, and 1.4 cm in the RL, SI, and AP directions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A new geometrical margin was proposed for definition of the vaginal cuff PTV based on CTfull, which will be needless of empty bladder at the planning CT scan. This method allows patients to reduce the burden and efficient routine CT scans can be improved.


Subject(s)
Radiotherapy, Image-Guided , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Vagina/surgery , Adult , Aged , Feasibility Studies , Female , Fiducial Markers , Humans , Hysterectomy , Middle Aged , Organ Motion , Organ Size , Point-of-Care Systems , Rectum/diagnostic imaging , Rectum/pathology , Uncertainty , Urinary Bladder/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Vagina/diagnostic imaging
2.
Rev. chil. cir ; 66(3): 241-244, jun. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708781

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment had evolved over the past quarter century. From self-examination to mammography as main suspicion tool and from radical to conservative surgery plus radiotherapy as prefered treatment. The aim of this review was to assess the evolution of presentation and local management of breast cancer at a Chilean radio-oncology center. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 1.204 breast cancer patients who received postoperative irradiation on two four-years periods. The first period included 223 patients and coincides with the introduction of mammography and conservative surgery. The second included 981 patients managed according to current guidelines. The variables analyzed were type of clinical suspicion, time between clinical suspicion and diagnosis confirmation, type of surgery, histology and tumor size. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using STATA 12. Results: In the second period mammographic suspicion reached 39.8 percent. Time between clinical suspicion and histological diagnosis was reduced to 50 percent, the proportion of tumors larger than 2 cm was reduced from 61 to 45 percent, the proportion of DCIS was tripled from 6 to 18 percent, use of conservative surgery has an absolute increase of 28 percent. All of these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The introduction of mammography and conservative management allowed early diagnosis of breast cancer in the analyzed population.


Introducción: El enfrentamiento del cáncer de mama evolucionó en el último cuarto de siglo desde el autoexamen a la mamografía como herramienta de sospecha y desde el tratamiento con cirugía radical a la cirugía conservadora más radioterapia. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar la evolución de la presentación y manejo local del cáncer de mama en un centro de radio-oncología. Materiales y Método: Se analizaron 1.204 pacientes con cáncer de mama que recibieron irradiación post-operatoria en dos períodos de cuatro años. El primer período incluyó 223 pacientes y coincide con la introducción de mamografía y cirugía conservadora. El segundo incluyó 981 pacientes manejadas según el estándar actual. Las variables analizadas fueron: forma de sospecha, tiempo entre sospecha y confirmación diagnóstica, tipo de cirugía, histología y tamaño tumoral. Los datos fueron obtenidos de fichas clínicas y analizados con STATA 12. Resultados: Al comparar el segundo período con el primero se evidenció un aumento absoluto del 39,8 por ciento de la sospecha por mamografía, disminución a la mitad del tiempo entre sospecha y diagnóstico histológico, reducción de la proporción de tumores mayores a 2 cm de 61 a 45 por ciento, triplicación en la proporción de carcinoma ductal in situ de 6 a 18 por ciento y aumento absoluto de 28 por ciento del uso de cirugía conservadora. Todas estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,01). Conclusión: En el grupo analizado la introducción de mamografía y manejo conservador se asoció a un aumento de sospecha y diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de mama.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Mastectomy, Segmental , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms , Breast Self-Examination , Clinical Evolution , Neoplasm Invasiveness/prevention & control , Mammography , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 76(5): 365-375, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608808

ABSTRACT

Múltiples revisiones han estudiado el potencial coadyuvante en la radioterapia (RT) y quimioterapia (QT) en el tratamiento del cáncer de ovario, pero no se ha comparado adecuadamente la efectividad de la RT abdominal total (RTAT) versus nuevas drogas de QT. Tanto la cirugía como la QT previas a la RT aumentan la sobreviva total y libre de enfermedad, ya que radiosensibilizan al tumor favoreciendo su destrucción. Las distintas técnicas de RTAT no han demostrado diferencias significativas en la sobrevida ni en el control de la enfermedad, pero la RTAT de campos abierto si arrojó menor toxicidad tardía. En la actualidad nuevas técnicas como la IMRT (radioterapia de intensidad modulada) han comenzado a utilizarse con excelentes resultados. A pesar de los avances, muchos de estos pacientes desarrollan recurrencia intraabdominal, quedando fuera del rango terapéutico para QT y en dicho momento la RT puede ser utilizada también en forma paliativa con dosis grandes y únicas, cuidando la aparición de posibles complicaciones. Es probable que en el futuro se reintegre la RTAT en el tratamiento del cáncer de ovario de acuerdo a los hallazgos en el acto operatorio. Finalmente la RT/QT concomitantes, han demostrado su efecto sensibilizador sinergista y es esperable que con el tiempo se sigan integrando nuevas drogas con distintas interacciones como los taxanos y moléculas target. El tratamiento del cáncer de ovario sigue siendo esencialmente quirúrgico y con quimioterapia adyuvante, sin embargo también la radioterapia con quimioterapia han demostrado su efecto adyuvante. A pesar de ser una alternativa poco explorada en la actualidad es necesario estudiar prospectivamente el promisorio resultado de las nuevas técnicas de radioterapia en este tipo de pacientes.


Several studies have reviewed the potential coadjuvant of Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy in the treatment of ovary cancer. However the effectiveness of total abdomen RT (RTAT) versus new QT drugs have not been adequately compared. Both surgery and QT prior to RT increase total and freedom from the disease since tumors become radiosensitive, thus favoring destruction. Diverse techniques such as IMRT (Intensity modulated radiation therapy) are being used with excellent results. Despite these advances, many of the patients develop intrabdominal recurrence leaving them out of the therapeutic scope/range for QT. RT may then be used as a palliative in big unique cases watching possible complications. RTAT may eventually be restarted in the treatment of ovary cancer depending on the findings during surgery. Finally, RT/QT concomitants have shown their effect in sensitivity and synergy and it is expected that new drugs with different interactions such as taxan and target molecules are added. Treatment of ovarian cancer remains essentially surgical and with chemotherapy, but both radio and chemotherapy has demonstrated their adjuvant effect. Despite being an unexplored alternative is necessary to study prospectively the promising results of new techniques of radiation therapy in these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Ovarian Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy/methods , Combined Modality Therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Palliative Care , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
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