ABSTRACT
Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here we examined several morphometric and biochemical parameters linked to MS in a rodent litter size reduction model, and how a 30-day fish oil (FO) supplementation affected these parameters. On day 3 post-birth, pups were divided into groups of ten or three. On day 22, rats were split into control (C) and small litter (SL) until 60 days old. Then, after metabolic disturbance and obesity were confirmed, FO supplementation started for 30 days and the new groups were named control (C), FO supplemented (FO), obese (Ob), and obese FO supplemented (ObFO). Comparison was performed by Student t-test or 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. At the end of the 60-day period, SL rats were hyperphagic, obese, hypoinsulinemic, normoglycemic, and had high visceral fat depot and high interleukin (IL)-6 plasma concentration. Obese rats at 90 days of age were fatter, hyperphagic, hyperglycemic, hypertriacylgliceromic, hipoinsulinemic, with low innate immune response. IL-6 production ex vivo was higher, but in plasma it was not different from the control group. FO supplementation brought all biochemical changes to normal values, normalized food intake, and reduced body weight and fat mass in obese rats. The innate immune response was improved but still not as efficient as in lean animals. Our results suggested that as soon MS appears, FO supplementation must be used to ameliorate the morpho- and biochemical effects caused by MS and improve the innate immune response.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Fish Oils , Metabolic Syndrome , Obesity , Rats, Wistar , Animals , Metabolic Syndrome/diet therapy , Fish Oils/administration & dosage , Obesity/diet therapy , Obesity/metabolism , Male , Rats , Insulin Resistance , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Intra-Abdominal Fat/drug effects , Interleukin-6/blood , Disease Models, Animal , FemaleABSTRACT
Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here we examined several morphometric and biochemical parameters linked to MS in a rodent litter size reduction model, and how a 30-day fish oil (FO) supplementation affected these parameters. On day 3 post-birth, pups were divided into groups of ten or three. On day 22, rats were split into control (C) and small litter (SL) until 60 days old. Then, after metabolic disturbance and obesity were confirmed, FO supplementation started for 30 days and the new groups were named control (C), FO supplemented (FO), obese (Ob), and obese FO supplemented (ObFO). Comparison was performed by Student t-test or 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. At the end of the 60-day period, SL rats were hyperphagic, obese, hypoinsulinemic, normoglycemic, and had high visceral fat depot and high interleukin (IL)-6 plasma concentration. Obese rats at 90 days of age were fatter, hyperphagic, hyperglycemic, hypertriacylgliceromic, hipoinsulinemic, with low innate immune response. IL-6 production ex vivo was higher, but in plasma it was not different from the control group. FO supplementation brought all biochemical changes to normal values, normalized food intake, and reduced body weight and fat mass in obese rats. The innate immune response was improved but still not as efficient as in lean animals. Our results suggested that as soon MS appears, FO supplementation must be used to ameliorate the morpho- and biochemical effects caused by MS and improve the innate immune response.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To verify if systolic bulging of floppy mitral cusps can to elastic behavior of their myxomatous collagen tissue. METHODS: Five hearts with floppy mitral valves obtained from autopsies were distended with air (20 to 250 mmHg) through a catheter connected to the left ventricle. It was observed if some area of the atrial surface of the coapted cusps showed variable bulging according to the variation of air injection pressures. Molding of those surfaces (gypsum) allowed the same kind of analysis by other four researches. It was analyzed the cut surfaces of these radially sectioned molds. Lately, isolated tendinae chords were submitted to repeated tractions and observed if they exhibited elastic behavior. Histological study defined the presence of collagen myxomatous degeneration and quantified the amount of elastic tissue. RESULTS: In no case it was detected elastic bulding of mitral cusps. Cut surfaces of the molds confirmed that no increment of the prominent areas occurred, even in those regions with extensive, histologically confirmed, myxomatous substitution of the native collagen tissue. CONCLUSION: Increment of the degree of mitral bulging occurring during ventricular systole can not be ascertained to cusp elasticity but probably to papilar muscle traction.
Subject(s)
Mitral Valve Prolapse/physiopathology , Papillary Muscles/physiopathology , Elasticity , Humans , Mitral Valve Prolapse/pathology , Myocardial Contraction/physiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To verify whether accentuated reductions of left ventricular volume lead to mitral valve prolapse. METHODS: Seven mongrel dogs were bled through the internal jugular vein, the systolic systemic pressure being kept between 100 and 140 mmHg by means of continuous infusion of dopamine; the inferior vena cava vein, in tree other dogs, was partially obstructed for 4 to 6 seconds; epicardial echocardiography was carried out in all cases. RESULTS: Reductions of volemia were about 50% of the estimated total blood volume. Systolic internal diameter of left ventricle decreased about 25% and systolic ostial diameter, about 12.5%. Three out of seven died suddenly from arrhythmia before one has reached a significant decrease in total blood volume; one showed momentary mitral valve prolapse, during a period of hypotension; however, this prolapse disappeared completely when systemic blood pressure was restored by increasing the dopamine dosage; one dog had slight systolic displacement of the anterior cusp toward left atrium (0.5mm) and the last two showed no change; one out of 3 dogs submitted to partial constriction of inferior vena cava had systolic displacement of anterior cusp of 1mm; in one case there was an equivalent degree of displacement of the anterior cusp toward the left ventricle and in the last one no change was detected. In all dogs there was a change in the dynamics of mitral valve closure: with accentuated reduction of left ventricular volume the posterior cusp became less mobile, the anterior cusp being the principal responsible for the systolic ostial occlusion. CONCLUSION: Accentuated reduction of dog's left ventricular volume does not, necessarily, cause mitral valve prolapse but only slight displacement of the anterior cusp toward the left atrium in some animals or no displacement at all.
Subject(s)
Blood Volume/physiology , Mitral Valve Prolapse/physiopathology , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology , Animals , Dogs , Echocardiography , Mitral Valve Prolapse/diagnostic imaging , SystoleABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the pressoric behaviour in chagasic patients in different stages of myocardial damage and to correlate Chagas' disease with arterial hypertension. METHODS: The arterial blood pressure of 644 chagasic patients surveyed in the HC-UNICAMP, with arterial hypertension or not, associated with the stage of myocardial dysfunction was evaluated. This group was compared with 370 hypertensive patients without Chagas' disease. Both were divided by sex and age. The results were evaluated by covariance analysis and the significance was pointed at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The chagasic group presented a high prevalence of arterial hypertension with 16.8% in the clinical phase I, 27.8% in the phase II and 34% in the III. Both hypertensive and nonhypertensive chagasic patients had a significant drop in clinical phase I after the age of 30 years. The chagasic patients classified in phase II presented a high prevalence between 30-50 years, not associated with the pressoric behaviour and/or sex. The symptomatic myocardial dysfunction (phase III) was uncommon below 40 years old in chagasic group with hypertension or not, but presented a highest prevalence in male hypertensive chagasic patients above 50 years old. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a more usual association of Chagas' disease and hypertension in patients with symptomatic myocardial dysfunction, above 50 years old. This find evidenciates the somatory and progressive effect of both diseases. It is possible that the pathogenic mechanisms of Chagas' disease contributed to the increment of the arterial blood pressure.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Chagas Disease/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Adult , Aged , Chagas Disease/complications , Female , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Studying the mitral valve in chronic Chagas' heart disease, searching a possible cause effect relationship between this condition and valve prolapse. METHODS: Seventeen hearts were surveyed from individuals exhibiting chronic chagasic cardiopathy, 11 males and 6 females, aged between 31-84 (average 54) years. The hearts came from necropsies carried out until a year before. Properly preserved samples were analyzed macro and microscopically. Fragments were excised from the mitral valve papillary muscles, anterior, lateral and posterior regions of the left ventricle, interventricular septum, free wall of right ventricle and atrium walls. RESULTS: Chronic myocarditis was found ill all the samples (mild in 6 of them, moderate in 7 and severe in 4). Also, the papillary muscles exhibited myocarditis in all of the samples, and in 15 of them the degree of severity was equal to or superior than the observed in degree other regions of the heart. CONCLUSION: The chronic chagasic cardiopathy, the papillary muscle constitute a frequent site of myocarditis. This fact must be held in mind when one discusses the pathogenesis of the prolapse of the valve.
Subject(s)
Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Mitral Valve Prolapse/etiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve Prolapse/pathology , Papillary Muscles/pathologyABSTRACT
Thirty-two monkeys were captured and adapted to laboratory conditions captives isolated. They were submitted to multiple xenodiagnosis which were negative. Twelve were infected intraperitoneally with different strains of T. cruzi (1.10(5) to 5.10(6)). Twenty were the control group. Between on to six years both the control group and the infected monkeys, were submitted to xenodiagnosis, serological testing clinical examination and electrocardiography. The clinical examination and the electrocardiogram were always normal. The monkey were autopsied and histological examination detected in the infected group four monkeys with evidence of disease: one with parasites in the tissue and three with chronic myocarditis. Parasitaemia was in 66.66% of the monkeys in the acute phase and the serology was positive in 91.66% in the chronic phase. The authors concluded that Cebus monkeys were not susceptible to the development of the disease but they could be utilized to maintain of such strains and studies of serological research in long-terms infections.
Subject(s)
Cebus/parasitology , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Disease Models, Animal , Monkey Diseases/diagnosis , Animals , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Chagas Disease/pathology , Electrocardiography , Female , Male , Monkey Diseases/parasitology , Monkey Diseases/pathology , Time Factors , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Woman, 76 years old with mitral stenosis died due to peripheral arterial embolism. The necropsy identified left atrial to coronary sinus fenestration associated with stenosis of the coronary sinus ostium and rheumatic mitral stenosis.
Subject(s)
Cavernous Sinus/abnormalities , Coronary Disease/complications , Heart Atria/abnormalities , Mitral Valve Stenosis/complications , Aged , Coronary Circulation , Female , HumansABSTRACT
The post mortem findings in 200 autopsies were compared with the clinical diagnoses. Twenty diseases were analysed with respect to clinico-pathological correlation. In relation to the respective totals the diseases most frequently missed clinically were (false negative) pyelonephritis (100%), pulmonary embolus (87.50%) and bronchopneumonia (58.16%). In relation to the respective totals the clinical diagnoses less frequently confirmed (false positive) were tuberculosis (69.56%), paracoccidioidomycosis (57.14%), sepsis (53.13%) and Chagas' disease (44.44%). There was clinicopathological agreement in 97 autopsies (48.50%). In 19 cases (9.50%) if the diagnostic error had been detected during life this probably would have changes the prognosis. The findings are discussed in the light of previous studies. The importance of routine post-mortem examination and clinico-pathological correlation is stressed.
Subject(s)
Autopsy , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Diagnostic Errors , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective StudiesSubject(s)
Chagas Cardiomyopathy/pathology , Heart Septum/pathology , Myocardium/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Failure/pathology , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The relative positions of the left ventricular apex and base in end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES) were determined in a group of normal individuals using cross-sectional echocardiography (group A) and in a group of patients with normal hemodynamics and angiographic parameters using cine-computed tomography (group B). In both groups no change was detected in the position of the epicardial aspect of the apex from ED to ES. The base moved in direction of the apex by 10.2% +/- 1.9% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the longitudinal dimension of the chamber in group A and by 12.9% +/- 5.1% in group B. In both groups the apical cavity was obliterated by the peri-apical walls. Apical obliteration is responsible for the apparent movement of the apical segment seen in cineventriculography.