ABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de se conhecer a variabilidade genética de 12 loci de microssatélites em galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 118 galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta, provenientes de três municípios do estado do Piauí (Oeiras, Queimada Nova e Teresina). Após extração do DNA, foram utilizados marcadores para 12 loci de microssatélites: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183 e MCW0213, que foram amplificados pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Foram obtidos 408 alelos (somando os alelos dos 12 loci), com os fragmentos variando entre 50 e 460 pares de bases. O número de alelos variou de 15 (MCW0081) a 52 (LEI0212), com média de 31,5 alelos por locus. A média de heterozigosidade esperada e o conteúdo de informações polimórficas foram, respectivamente, 0,887 e 0,909. Foram observados desvios no equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e valores positivos do índice de fixação com excesso de homozigotos. Os microssatélites utilizados mostraram-se polimórficos e podem ser usados para investigações genéticas em galinhas Canela-Preta. As galinhas dos plantéis avaliados apresentam grande variabilidade gênica, o que as qualifica como importante fonte de recursos genéticos e, consequentemente, faculta a utilização delas em programas de melhoramento genético animal.(AU)
The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of twelve microsatellite loci in native Canela-Preta chickens. Blood samples were collected from 118 chickens of the breed from five properties in three cities (Oeiras, Queimada Nova and Teresina) of Piauí state. After the DNA extraction, markers were used for twelve microsatellite loci: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183, and MCW0213 that were amplified by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The results showed a total of 408 alleles (adding alleles from the 12 loci) with the fragments ranging between 50 and 460 base pairs, the number of alleles ranged from 15 (MCW0081) to 52 (LEI0212) with an average of 31,5 alleles per locus. The average expected heterozygosity and PIC were, respectively, 0.887 and 0.909. Deviations were observed in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and positive values of the fixation index with excess of homozygotes. It is concluded that the used microsatellites are polymorphic and can, therefore, be used for genetic research in Canela-Preta chickens. The birds of the analyzed cores present great genetic variability, which qualifies them as an important source of genetic resources, which could be used for future animal breeding programs.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens/genetics , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
Aiming to contribute to the development of alternative control methods of the coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), a search for plants able to produce active substances against this insect was carried out, with species collected during different periods of time in the Alto Rio Grande region, (Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil). Coffee leaves containing L. coffeella mines were joined with 106 extracts from 77 plant species and, after 48 hours, the dead and alive caterpillars were counted. The extracts from Achillea millefolium, Citrus limon, Glechoma hederacea, Malva sylvestris, Mangifera indica, Mentha spicata, Mirabilis jalapa, Musa sapientum, Ocimum basiculum, Petiveria alliaceae, Porophyllum ruderale, Psidium guajava, Rosmarinus officinalis, Roupala montana, Sambucus nigra and Tropaeolum majus showed the highest mortality rates.
Visando contribuir para o desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos de controle do bicho-mineiro-do-cafeeiro, Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), buscou-se selecionar plantas coletadas em diferentes épocas na região do Alto Rio Grande, (Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil) que contenham substâncias ativas contra este inseto. Folhas de cafeeiro com minas intactas de L. coffeella foram colocadas em contato com 106 extratos provenientes de 78 espécies vegetais e, após 48 horas, contaram-se as lagartas vivas e mortas. Os extratos de Achillea millefolium, Citrus limon, Glechoma hederacea, Malva sylvestris, Mangifera indica, Mentha spicata, Mirabilis jalapa, Musa sapientum, Ocimum basiculum, Petiveria alliaceae, Porophyllum ruderale, Psidium guajava, Rosmarinus officinalis, Roupala montana, Sambucus nigra e Tropaeolum majus, provocaram os maiores índices de mortalidade.
Subject(s)
Biological Products/adverse effects , Lepidoptera/immunology , Plant Extracts/analysisABSTRACT
We evaluated the effects of crude extracts from the plantain Plantago lanceolata and the bitter gourd Momordica charantia on the oviposition preference and development of the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet under laboratory and/or greenhouse conditions. The ovicidal effects of these extracts were also studied in a greenhouse. Plantago lanceolata and M. charantia extracts also underwent fractionation directed by oviposition tests with the coffee leaf miner. The extracts of both plants reduced L. coffeella oviposition and egg hatching, apparently as a result of action of plant metabolites on the embryo. Adults originating from eggs treated with the extracts exhibited similar survival rates, but a higher female/male ratio. Fecundity was reduced for females obtained from eggs treated with the M. charantia extract. Partial chemical analysis indicated that both extracts produced polar fractions that reduced the oviposition of L. coffeella on coffee leaves under laboratory conditions. The extracts of P. lanceolata and M. charantia have potential for use in the development of new products to control the coffee leaf miner.
Subject(s)
Lepidoptera/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plantago , Animals , Lepidoptera/anatomy & histology , Lepidoptera/growth & development , Oviposition/drug effects , Pest Control, BiologicalABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Brazilian plants extracts against fish pathogenic bacteria. Forty six methanolic extracts were screened to identify their antibacterial properties against Streptococcus agalactiae, Flavobacterium columnare and Aeromonas hydrophila. Thirty one extracts showed antibacterial activity.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos de plantas brasileiras contra bactérias patogênicas para peixes. A atividade antibacteriana de quarenta e seis extratos metanólicos de plantas foi avaliada contra os agentes Streptococcus agalactiae, Flavobacterium columnare e Aeromonas hydrophila. Trinta e um extratos apresentaram atividade antibacteriana.
Subject(s)
Aeromonas hydrophila , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria , Fishes , Flavobacterium , Plant Extracts , Streptococcus agalactiae , Methods , Methods , VirulenceABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Brazilian plants extracts against fish pathogenic bacteria. Forty six methanolic extracts were screened to identify their antibacterial properties against Streptococcus agalactiae, Flavobacterium columnare and Aeromonas hydrophila. Thirty one extracts showed antibacterial activity.
