Sodium butyrate in post-hatch feed for broiler chicks / [Uso de butirato de sódio em rações pós-eclosão para pintos de corte]

This study was designed to determine adequate levels for sodium butyrate inclusion in pre-hatching and pre-starter feed in order to minimize the negative effects of post-hatch delayed placement on broiler chicks. Newly-hatched chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, each comprising five replicates of ten birds each. Five dietetic levels of sodium butyrate (control, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 and 0.200%) were used in the pre-starter feed offered to the chicks in the transporting box and during the pre-starter phase. Performance, yolk sac retraction, plasma glucose concentration, weight and histomorphometry of the small intestine were evaluated after 24 hours of feed access and at 7 days of age. A metabolic trial was performed when the chicks were seven to ten days of age. Supplementation of 0.1% sodium butyrate increased the development of broiler chicks' intestinal villi at seven days of age but was not able to improve performance in the pre-starter phase. Supplementation with sodium butyrate in a diet offered in the transportation box does not improve broiler performance in the pre-starter phase. Supplementation of up to 0.16% is recommended, in order to improve the metabolizability of the ether extract for broilers at seven days of age.(AU)

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, encontrar níveis adequados de inclusão de butirato de sódio em ração pós-eclosão e pré-inicial, buscando minimizar os efeitos negativos do jejum de pintos de corte. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de 10 aves cada. Foram utilizadas cinco suplementações de butirato de sódio (controle; 0,05; 0,075; 0,100 e 0,200%) na ração pré-inicial, fornecidas aos pintos na caixa de transporte e durante a fase pré-inicial. Após 24 horas de acesso ao alimento e aos sete dias de idade, foram avaliados desempenho, retração do saco vitelino, concentração de glicose plasmática, peso e histomorfometria do intestino delgado. De sete a 10 dias de idade, realizou-se ensaio de metabolizabilidade. A suplementação de 0,10% de butirato de sódio aumentou o desenvolvimento das vilosidades intestinais dos pintos de corte aos sete dias de idade, mas não foi capaz de melhorar o desempenho na fase pré-inicial. A suplementação com butirato de sódio em dieta oferecida na caixa de transporte não melhora o desempenho dos frangos na fase pré-inicial. Recomenda-se suplementação de até 0,16%, a fim de melhorar a metabolizabilidade do extrato etéreo para frangos de corte aos sete dias de idade.(AU)

Use of Glutamine in Post-Hatch Feed for Broiler Chicks

Post-hatch delayed placement damages, physical and physiological development of broiler chicks. The objective of this study was to ascertain adequate levels of glutamine inclusion in post-hatch and pre-starter feed, in order to minimize the negative effects of post-hatch delayed placement on broiler chicks. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates of ten birds each. Four levels of glutamine supplementation (0, 1, 2 and 3%) were used in the pre-starter feed, which was given to the chicks in the transportation box and during the pre-starter phase. After 24 hours of access to this feed, and at 7 days of age, the chicks performance, yolk sac retraction, plasma glucose concentration, weight and small-intestine histomorphometry were evaluated. From seven to ten days of age, a metabolizability assay was performed. Glutamine supplementation tended to increase the use of the yolk sac, the concentration of plasma glucose (p 0.10) and the depth of the crypt in the ileum after 24 hours of life (p 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the glutamine supplementation levels, in relation to glucose, histomorphometry or metabolizability in the pre-starter phase. Glutamine concentrations did not differ in relation to performance, histomorphometry of the small intestine or metabolizability of nutrients in the pre-starter phase.(AU)

Use of Glutamine in Post-Hatch Feed for Broiler Chicks

Post-hatch delayed placement damages, physical and physiological development of broiler chicks. The objective of this study was to ascertain adequate levels of glutamine inclusion in post-hatch and pre-starter feed, in order to minimize the negative effects of post-hatch delayed placement on broiler chicks. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates of ten birds each. Four levels of glutamine supplementation (0, 1, 2 and 3%) were used in the pre-starter feed, which was given to the chicks in the transportation box and during the pre-starter phase. After 24 hours of access to this feed, and at 7 days of age, the chicks performance, yolk sac retraction, plasma glucose concentration, weight and small-intestine histomorphometry were evaluated. From seven to ten days of age, a metabolizability assay was performed. Glutamine supplementation tended to increase the use of the yolk sac, the concentration of plasma glucose (p 0.10) and the depth of the crypt in the ileum after 24 hours of life (p 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the glutamine supplementation levels, in relation to glucose, histomorphometry or metabolizability in the pre-starter phase. Glutamine concentrations did not differ in relation to performance, histomorphometry of the small intestine or metabolizability of nutrients in the pre-starter phase.

Short- and medium-term prognosis of HIV-infected patients receiving intensive care: a Brazilian multicentre prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: The characteristics of critically ill HIV-positive patients and the causes of their admission to intensive care units (ICUs) are only known through retrospective and unicentric studies. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. METHODS: This is a prospective, multicentre cohort study of short- and medium-term prognostic factors. The setting consisted of ICUs of three tertiary referral hospitals from the three largest metropolitan areas in Brazil in the period January 2014 to November 2015. In all, 161 HIV patients over 18 years old were included. RESULTS: The clinical data of the outcomes (ICU mortality, hospital mortality and 90-day survival) were extracted from medical records using the REDCap®ï¸ web-based form and analysed with the MedCalc®ï¸ application. Median age was 41.7 [interquartile range (IQR): 34-50] years, the Simplified Acute Physiologic Score 3 (SAPS 3) was 64 (IQR: 56-74), and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA) was 6 (IQR: 4-9) points. The main causes of admission were sepsis (54.5%) and acute respiratory failure (13.7%). ICU and hospital mortality rates were 32.3% and 40.4%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, time until ICU admission ≥ 3 days (P = 0.0013), performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, P = 0.0344), coma (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8 points, P = 0.0213) and sepsis (P = 0.0003) were associated with increased hospital mortality. Coma (P = 0.0002) and sepsis (P = 0.0008) were independently associated with 90-day survival. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed ICU admission and the severity of critical illness determine the short- and medium-term mortality rates of HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU, rather than factors associated with HIV infection. These results suggest that prognostic factors of HIV-infected patients in the ICU are similar to those of non-HIV-infected populations.

Use of Betaine in Post-Hatch Feed for Broiler Chicks

Post-hatch delayed placement damages the physical and physiological development of broiler chicks. This study was designed to find adequate levels of betaine inclusion in pre-hatching and pre-starter feed, in order to minimize the negative effects of post-hatch delayed placement on broiler chicks. Newly-hatched chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, five replicates of ten birds each. Five dietetic levels of betaine (control, 0.070, 0.130, 0.200 and 0.260%) were used in the pre-starter ration, offered to the chicks in the transporting box and during the pre-starter phase. Performance, yolk sac retraction, plasma glucose concentration, weight and histomorphometry of the small intestine were evaluated, after 24 hours of feed access and at 7 days of age. A metabolic trial was performed from seven to ten days of age. Betaine supplementation linearly influenced the chicks ileum crypt depth after 24 hours in the transportation box. There was a quadratic effect, with an increase in feed intake up to 0.152% betaine supplementation. There was an improvement in the quality of the jejunum with betaine supplementation above 0.1%. The metabolizable coefficient of the ether extract was improved until reaching 0.163% of betaine supplementation. Betaine supplementation around 0.150% increases feed intake, the use of ether extract and interferes with the intestinal villi of chicks at seven days of age.

Use of Betaine in Post-Hatch Feed for Broiler Chicks

Post-hatch delayed placement damages the physical and physiological development of broiler chicks. This study was designed to find adequate levels of betaine inclusion in pre-hatching and pre-starter feed, in order to minimize the negative effects of post-hatch delayed placement on broiler chicks. Newly-hatched chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, five replicates of ten birds each. Five dietetic levels of betaine (control, 0.070, 0.130, 0.200 and 0.260%) were used in the pre-starter ration, offered to the chicks in the transporting box and during the pre-starter phase. Performance, yolk sac retraction, plasma glucose concentration, weight and histomorphometry of the small intestine were evaluated, after 24 hours of feed access and at 7 days of age. A metabolic trial was performed from seven to ten days of age. Betaine supplementation linearly influenced the chicks ileum crypt depth after 24 hours in the transportation box. There was a quadratic effect, with an increase in feed intake up to 0.152% betaine supplementation. There was an improvement in the quality of the jejunum with betaine supplementation above 0.1%. The metabolizable coefficient of the ether extract was improved until reaching 0.163% of betaine supplementation. Betaine supplementation around 0.150% increases feed intake, the use of ether extract and interferes with the intestinal villi of chicks at seven days of age.(AU)

Effects of Phytogenic Additives and Organic Acids, alone or in combination, on the Performance, Intestinal Quality and Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytogenic additives (PA) and organic acids (OA), alone or in combination, on the performance, intestinal histomorphometry and lipid oxidation, and immune responses of broiler chickens. In this experiment, 820 one-day-old chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, with four replicates of 41 broilers each. The dietary treatments consisted of a control diet with no PA or OA (CD); CD with OA and no PA (CD+OA-PA); CD with PA and no OA (CD+PA-CD); CDwith both PA and OA (CD+PA+CD); and CD + avilamycin + monesin sodium. Broiler performance was not affected by the alternative feed additives, except from 1 to 21 days, when broilers fed the CD or CD+PA+OA diets showed higher body weight gain than those fed the CD with only OA. The broilers fed the diet containing avilamycin and monensin presented better performance. The supplementation of PA and OA increased bursalcortical area on21 and 42 days post-hatch. On 21 days post-hatch, broilers fed the AGP diet presented higher ileal villus height than those fed the control diet. The pH values of the jejunum content were reduced on the OA-fed chickens. Higher villus height and crypt depth were found in the alternative additive-fed chickens on 7 days post-hatch. On 42 days post-hatch, the percentage of the bursal cortex increased in PA-fed broilers; however, there was no increase in antibody production. The PA-fed chickens presented lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in the small intestine. The dietary supplementation of phytogenic additives, individually or in combination associated with organic acids, does not affect broiler live performance or intestinal histomorphometry; however, it enhances immune responses and intestinal quality.(AU)

Effects of Phytogenic Additives and Organic Acids, alone or in combination, on the Performance, Intestinal Quality and Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytogenic additives (PA) and organic acids (OA), alone or in combination, on the performance, intestinal histomorphometry and lipid oxidation, and immune responses of broiler chickens. In this experiment, 820 one-day-old chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, with four replicates of 41 broilers each. The dietary treatments consisted of a control diet with no PA or OA (CD); CD with OA and no PA (CD+OA-PA); CD with PA and no OA (CD+PA-CD); CDwith both PA and OA (CD+PA+CD); and CD + avilamycin + monesin sodium. Broiler performance was not affected by the alternative feed additives, except from 1 to 21 days, when broilers fed the CD or CD+PA+OA diets showed higher body weight gain than those fed the CD with only OA. The broilers fed the diet containing avilamycin and monensin presented better performance. The supplementation of PA and OA increased bursalcortical area on21 and 42 days post-hatch. On 21 days post-hatch, broilers fed the AGP diet presented higher ileal villus height than those fed the control diet. The pH values of the jejunum content were reduced on the OA-fed chickens. Higher villus height and crypt depth were found in the alternative additive-fed chickens on 7 days post-hatch. On 42 days post-hatch, the percentage of the bursal cortex increased in PA-fed broilers; however, there was no increase in antibody production. The PA-fed chickens presented lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in the small intestine. The dietary supplementation of phytogenic additives, individually or in combination associated with organic acids, does not affect broiler live performance or intestinal histomorphometry; however, it enhances immune responses and intestinal quality.

Egg quality of hens fed different digestible lysine and arginine levels

This experiment aimed at evaluating the influence of the supplementation of digestible lysine and digestible arginine at different ratios in the diet fed to layers between 24 to 44 weeks of age on egg quality. In total,320 Lohmann LSL laying hens were allotted according to a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4factorial arrangement, consisting of two digestible lysine levels (700 or 900 mg/kg of diet) and four digestible arginine levels (700, 800, 900,or 1000 mg/kg of diet). Diets contained, therefore, digestible Lys:Arg ratios of 100, 114, 128, and 142 when the diet contained 700 mg digestible lysine per kg of diet, and 78, 89, 100, and 111 when 900 mg digestible lysine per kg was supplemented. The data obtained with digestible arginine levels were fitted to polynomial regression equations, and with digestible lysine, the F test (5% probability) was used to compare the means. The following variables were evaluated: egg weight; internal egg quality (yolk percentage and index, albumen percentage, Haugh units), eggshell quality (specific gravity andeggshell percentage); and whole egg, albumen, and yolk solids content. Digestible lysine and arginine interaction did not affect egg quality. Increasing levels of digestible lysine and arginine reduced eggshell quality and albumen solids, respectively. The levels of these amino acids suggested to improveegg quality are 700 mg digestible lysine and 700 mg digestible arginine/kg of feed at a Dig Lys: Dig Arg ratio of 100.(AU)

Performance and nutrient metabolizability in broilers fed diets containing corn contaminated with fumonisin b1 and esterified glucomannan

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and nutrient metabolizability of broilers fed diets containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) and an esterified glucomannan (EGM). In total, 420 male broilers were distributed according to a 3 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, corresponding to three FB1 exposure times (seven, 21, or 35 days), two dietary glucomannan addition levels (0 or 0.1% EGM), and control diet, totaling seven treatments. The following diets were fed: 1) Control diet, 2) pre-starter diet containing FB1, 3) pre-starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 4) starter diet containing FB1, 5) starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 6) grower diet containing FB1, and 7) grower diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM. On d 7, broilers fed FB1 presented lower body weight gain and feed intake (p 0.05) compared with control treatment. On d 21, no significant performance differences were detected among treatment groups (p>0.05). At 35 days of exposure to FB1 body weight gain was reduced (p 0.05) compared with broilers fed fumonisin B1 for seven days. From 4 to 7 days and 18 to 21 days of age, FB1 reduced nutrient metabolizability (p 0.05). From 36 to 39 days of age, the EGM allowed maintaining apparent metabolizability for ether extract. It was concluded that the EGM did not reduce FB1 effects on performance or nutrient metabolizability in broilers, except for apparent metabolizability of ether extract.(AU)

Egg quality of hens fed different digestible lysine and arginine levels

This experiment aimed at evaluating the influence of the supplementation of digestible lysine and digestible arginine at different ratios in the diet fed to layers between 24 to 44 weeks of age on egg quality. In total,320 Lohmann LSL laying hens were allotted according to a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4factorial arrangement, consisting of two digestible lysine levels (700 or 900 mg/kg of diet) and four digestible arginine levels (700, 800, 900,or 1000 mg/kg of diet). Diets contained, therefore, digestible Lys:Arg ratios of 100, 114, 128, and 142 when the diet contained 700 mg digestible lysine per kg of diet, and 78, 89, 100, and 111 when 900 mg digestible lysine per kg was supplemented. The data obtained with digestible arginine levels were fitted to polynomial regression equations, and with digestible lysine, the F test (5% probability) was used to compare the means. The following variables were evaluated: egg weight; internal egg quality (yolk percentage and index, albumen percentage, Haugh units), eggshell quality (specific gravity andeggshell percentage); and whole egg, albumen, and yolk solids content. Digestible lysine and arginine interaction did not affect egg quality. Increasing levels of digestible lysine and arginine reduced eggshell quality and albumen solids, respectively. The levels of these amino acids suggested to improveegg quality are 700 mg digestible lysine and 700 mg digestible arginine/kg of feed at a Dig Lys: Dig Arg ratio of 100.

Performance and nutrient metabolizability in broilers fed diets containing corn contaminated with fumonisin b1 and esterified glucomannan

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and nutrient metabolizability of broilers fed diets containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) and an esterified glucomannan (EGM). In total, 420 male broilers were distributed according to a 3 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, corresponding to three FB1 exposure times (seven, 21, or 35 days), two dietary glucomannan addition levels (0 or 0.1% EGM), and control diet, totaling seven treatments. The following diets were fed: 1) Control diet, 2) pre-starter diet containing FB1, 3) pre-starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 4) starter diet containing FB1, 5) starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 6) grower diet containing FB1, and 7) grower diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM. On d 7, broilers fed FB1 presented lower body weight gain and feed intake (p 0.05) compared with control treatment. On d 21, no significant performance differences were detected among treatment groups (p>0.05). At 35 days of exposure to FB1 body weight gain was reduced (p 0.05) compared with broilers fed fumonisin B1 for seven days. From 4 to 7 days and 18 to 21 days of age, FB1 reduced nutrient metabolizability (p 0.05). From 36 to 39 days of age, the EGM allowed maintaining apparent metabolizability for ether extract. It was concluded that the EGM did not reduce FB1 effects on performance or nutrient metabolizability in broilers, except for apparent metabolizability of ether extract.

Phytogenic additives and glutamine plus glutamic acid in broiler diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of phytogenic additives (PAs) and glutamine plus glutamic acid (Gln/Glu), associated or not, in replacement of antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidials (AGP/AC) on the performance and carcass yield of broilers. Five hundred male Cobb broilers were housed in an experimental house and randomly distributed into five treatments, with four replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CD); CD+AGP/AC; CD+Gln/Glu; CD+PAs; CD+Gln/ Glu+PAs. Diets were formulated only with plant feedstuffs, i.e., they did not contain any animal byproducts. Performance data were collected for the accumulated periods of 1-7, 1-21, and 1-42 days of age. Carcass yield and parts yield were determined at 42 days of age. Treatments did not influence performance during none of the evaluated periods. The greatest carcass yield (p 0.05) was obtained in birds in the treatments CD+Gln/Glu and CD+Gln/Glu+PAs relative to CD, but not different from birds in the AGP+AC and PAs treatments, which were not different from the CD treatment. Birds fed the CD+Gln/Glu diet presented greater breast yield (p 0.05) compared with those in the CD and AGP/AC treatments, but there was no difference in comparison with the other treatments. Under the conditions of the present experiment, the dietary supplementation with phytogenic additives and with glutamine plus glutamic acid does not affect the performance, but improves carcass yield and breast yield of broilers.(AU)

Phytogenic additives and glutamine plus glutamic acid in broiler diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of phytogenic additives (PAs) and glutamine plus glutamic acid (Gln/Glu), associated or not, in replacement of antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidials (AGP/AC) on the performance and carcass yield of broilers. Five hundred male Cobb broilers were housed in an experimental house and randomly distributed into five treatments, with four replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CD); CD+AGP/AC; CD+Gln/Glu; CD+PAs; CD+Gln/ Glu+PAs. Diets were formulated only with plant feedstuffs, i.e., they did not contain any animal byproducts. Performance data were collected for the accumulated periods of 1-7, 1-21, and 1-42 days of age. Carcass yield and parts yield were determined at 42 days of age. Treatments did not influence performance during none of the evaluated periods. The greatest carcass yield (p 0.05) was obtained in birds in the treatments CD+Gln/Glu and CD+Gln/Glu+PAs relative to CD, but not different from birds in the AGP+AC and PAs treatments, which were not different from the CD treatment. Birds fed the CD+Gln/Glu diet presented greater breast yield (p 0.05) compared with those in the CD and AGP/AC treatments, but there was no difference in comparison with the other treatments. Under the conditions of the present experiment, the dietary supplementation with phytogenic additives and with glutamine plus glutamic acid does not affect the performance, but improves carcass yield and breast yield of broilers.

Microbiota intestinal e desempenho de frangos alimentados com rações elaboradas com sorgo ou milheto e complexo enzimático / Intestinal microflora and broiler performance fed with sorghum or pearl millet with enzymatic complexes

Avaliou-se a suplementação enzimática em rações contendo milheto ou sorgo sobre a microbiota intestinal e o desempenho de frangos. Foram alojados 420 pintos - ensaio de microbiota - e 1.200 pintos - ensaio de desempenho -, submetidos aos tratamentos com sorgo ou milheto suplementados ou não com complexo enzimático. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com sete repetições de 15 aves cada, para o ensaio de microbiota, e em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e 60 aves por parcela para desempenho. Foram realizadas pesquisas de bactérias Gram-negativas e contagem do número total de microrganismos aeróbios do intestino delgado. A suplementação enzimática não afetou a microbiota intestinal de frangos aos 14 e 28 dias de idade. Houve efeito da suplementação enzimática nas dietas com sorgo para conversão alimentar na fase pré-inicial. Nas dietas com milheto, a suplementação melhorou o ganho de peso no período de um a 35 dias de idade. No período total de criação, de um a 42 dias, não foi observado efeito da suplementação para milheto ou sorgo. Conclui-se que a utilização da suplementação de enzimas em rações com sorgo ou milheto pode melhorar os resultados de desempenho, dependendo da fase de crescimento de frangos de corte.

Two experiments were conducted to examine the supplementation enzyme in broilers fed with sorghum or pearl millet. The intestinal microflora and broiler performance was conducted with 420 and 1.200 broiler chickens, respectively. The treatments consisted of sorghum or pearl millet diet with enzymatic complex. The microflora assay consisted of 15 birds per experimental unit in completed randomized delineament, with seven replicates, and the performance study consisted of 60 birds per experimetal unit in a randomized block design, with five replicates. A study of bacteria negative-gram and total number bacteria aerobic in the small intestine was carried out. The averages were compared by contrasts (performance) and the Kruskal-Wallis (bacteria) tests applied for the research. The enzyme supplementation did not affect the broiler intestinal microflora at the age of 14 and 28 days. Feed conversion in the pearl millet diets supplemented with enzymes was better in the initial phase. The body weight was better to treat enzymatic complex in diets pearl millet (at age of 1- 35 days), however, at the age of 1 to 42 days there was no effect of supplementation for millet or sorghum. The results showed that the sorghum or pearl millet diets supplemented with enzymes are a viable strategy to improve the nutritional value of the diets and performance results depending on the age of the broilers.

Traceability of animal by product meals in broilers fed sugarcane yeast using stable isotopes

The objective of this study was to verify if the dietary inclusion of sugarcane yeast at levels commonly used in broiler diets influences the traceability of cattle meat meal and poultry offal meal, using the technique of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the breast muscle of chickens. A number of 325 one-d-old male broilers were randomly distributed into 13 treatments with 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of a control diet based on corn and soybean meal, and the inclusion of 1, 2, 4, or 6% meat and bone meal, poultry offal meal or sugarcane yeast. At 42 days of age, six birds per treatment were randomly selected, sacrificed, and their breast muscle was collected for isotopic ration analysis. The isotopic ratio of birds fed the diet with inclusion of 6% sugarcane yeast was different from those fed the control treatment, but not from those fed diets with the inclusion of 2, 4 and 6% meat and bone meal or 4 and 6% poultry offal meal. The inclusion of 6% sugarcane yeast in broiler diets based on corn and soybean meal may affect the traceability of animal by product meals.(AU)

Microbiota intestinal e desempenho de frangos alimentados com rações elaboradas com sorgo ou milheto e complexo enzimático / Intestinal microflora and broiler performance fed with sorghum or pearl millet with enzymatic complexes

Avaliou-se a suplementação enzimática em rações contendo milheto ou sorgo sobre a microbiota intestinal e o desempenho de frangos. Foram alojados 420 pintos - ensaio de microbiota - e 1.200 pintos - ensaio de desempenho -, submetidos aos tratamentos com sorgo ou milheto suplementados ou não com complexo enzimático. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com sete repetições de 15 aves cada, para o ensaio de microbiota, e em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e 60 aves por parcela para desempenho. Foram realizadas pesquisas de bactérias Gram-negativas e contagem do número total de microrganismos aeróbios do intestino delgado. A suplementação enzimática não afetou a microbiota intestinal de frangos aos 14 e 28 dias de idade. Houve efeito da suplementação enzimática nas dietas com sorgo para conversão alimentar na fase pré-inicial. Nas dietas com milheto, a suplementação melhorou o ganho de peso no período de um a 35 dias de idade. No período total de criação, de um a 42 dias, não foi observado efeito da suplementação para milheto ou sorgo. Conclui-se que a utilização da suplementação de enzimas em rações com sorgo ou milheto pode melhorar os resultados de desempenho, dependendo da fase de crescimento de frangos de corte.(AU)

Two experiments were conducted to examine the supplementation enzyme in broilers fed with sorghum or pearl millet. The intestinal microflora and broiler performance was conducted with 420 and 1.200 broiler chickens, respectively. The treatments consisted of sorghum or pearl millet diet with enzymatic complex. The microflora assay consisted of 15 birds per experimental unit in completed randomized delineament, with seven replicates, and the performance study consisted of 60 birds per experimetal unit in a randomized block design, with five replicates. A study of bacteria negative-gram and total number bacteria aerobic in the small intestine was carried out. The averages were compared by contrasts (performance) and the Kruskal-Wallis (bacteria) tests applied for the research. The enzyme supplementation did not affect the broiler intestinal microflora at the age of 14 and 28 days. Feed conversion in the pearl millet diets supplemented with enzymes was better in the initial phase. The body weight was better to treat enzymatic complex in diets pearl millet (at age of 1- 35 days), however, at the age of 1 to 42 days there was no effect of supplementation for millet or sorghum. The results showed that the sorghum or pearl millet diets supplemented with enzymes are a viable strategy to improve the nutritional value of the diets and performance results depending on the age of the broilers.(AU)

Efeito da temperatura ambiente e da idade do frango sobre o valor energético do farelo de soja / Effects of environmental temperature and age of broilers on energy value of soybean meal

Foram utilizados 288 pintos de corte Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, sendo as três temperaturas de criação - fria, termoneutra e quente - as parcelas, e as três fases de avaliação - inicial, crescimento e final - as subparcelas, com seis repetições de seis aves cada. A dieta-teste foi obtida pela substituição de parte da ração basal pelo alimento-teste: 40 por cento do farelo de soja + 60 por cento da ração basal. Foram calculados os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade aparente e verdadeiro da matéria seca, do nitrogênio, do extrato etéreo da dieta-teste e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente e verdadeira (EMA e EMV), e corrigidas pelo balanço de nitrogênio do farelo de soja (EMAn e EMVn). Foram encontrados valores médios de EMAn do farelo de soja para aves criadas em temperatura fria, termoneutra e quente de 2110, 2016 e 2022kcal/kg, respectivamente, e para as fases de criação inicial, crescimento e final de 1840, 2052 e 2256kcal/kg, respectivamente. O valor de energia metabolizável do farelo de soja, os balanços e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da dieta-teste aumentaram com a idade do frango de corte, porém não são afetados pela temperatura ambiente.(AU)

Two hundred and eighty-eight Cobb chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with a split-plot arrangement with six replication of six chicks each, the main plots were in three temperatures (cold, thermo neutral and hot) and the secondary plot were by phase (initial, growing and final). The test diet was produced by replacing the basal diet with test food: 40 percent soybean meal+60 percent basal diet. The coefficient of apparent and true metabolizability of dry matter, nitrogen, ether extract of the test diet and apparent and true metabolizable energies (AME and TME) of soybean meal were calculated and energy values were corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) of soybean meal, in kcal/kg, as fed basis. The mean values of AMEn observed for broiler chicks in cold, thermo neutral and hot temperature were 2110, 2016 and 2022kcal/kg, respectively, and the initial, growing and final phases were 1840, 2052 and 2256kcal/kg, respectively. The metabolizable energy values of soybean meal, the balance and coefficients of metabolizability of the nutrients of the test diet increased with the age of broiler; however, they were not affected by environmental temperature.(AU)

Efeito da temperatura ambiente e da idade do frango sobre o valor energético do farelo de soja / Effects of environmental temperature and age of broilers on energy value of soybean meal

Foram utilizados 288 pintos de corte Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, sendo as três temperaturas de criação - fria, termoneutra e quente - as parcelas, e as três fases de avaliação - inicial, crescimento e final - as subparcelas, com seis repetições de seis aves cada. A dieta-teste foi obtida pela substituição de parte da ração basal pelo alimento-teste: 40 por cento do farelo de soja + 60 por cento da ração basal. Foram calculados os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade aparente e verdadeiro da matéria seca, do nitrogênio, do extrato etéreo da dieta-teste e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente e verdadeira (EMA e EMV), e corrigidas pelo balanço de nitrogênio do farelo de soja (EMAn e EMVn). Foram encontrados valores médios de EMAn do farelo de soja para aves criadas em temperatura fria, termoneutra e quente de 2110, 2016 e 2022kcal/kg, respectivamente, e para as fases de criação inicial, crescimento e final de 1840, 2052 e 2256kcal/kg, respectivamente. O valor de energia metabolizável do farelo de soja, os balanços e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da dieta-teste aumentaram com a idade do frango de corte, porém não são afetados pela temperatura ambiente.

Two hundred and eighty-eight Cobb chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with a split-plot arrangement with six replication of six chicks each, the main plots were in three temperatures (cold, thermo neutral and hot) and the secondary plot were by phase (initial, growing and final). The test diet was produced by replacing the basal diet with test food: 40 percent soybean meal+60 percent basal diet. The coefficient of apparent and true metabolizability of dry matter, nitrogen, ether extract of the test diet and apparent and true metabolizable energies (AME and TME) of soybean meal were calculated and energy values were corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) of soybean meal, in kcal/kg, as fed basis. The mean values of AMEn observed for broiler chicks in cold, thermo neutral and hot temperature were 2110, 2016 and 2022kcal/kg, respectively, and the initial, growing and final phases were 1840, 2052 and 2256kcal/kg, respectively. The metabolizable energy values of soybean meal, the balance and coefficients of metabolizability of the nutrients of the test diet increased with the age of broiler; however, they were not affected by environmental temperature.

Efeito da temperatura ambiente e da idade do frango sobre o valor energético do farelo de soja

Two hundred and eighty-eight Cobb chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with a split-plot arrangement with six replication of six chicks each, the main plots were in three temperatures (cold, thermo neutral and hot) and the secondary plot were by phase (initial, growing and final). The test diet was produced by replacing the basal diet with test food: 40% soybean meal+60% basal diet. The coefficient of apparent and true metabolizability of dry matter, nitrogen, ether extract of the test diet and apparent and true metabolizable energies (AME and TME) of soybean meal were calculated and energy values were corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) of soybean meal, in kcal/kg, as fed basis. The mean values of AMEn observed for broiler chicks in cold, thermo neutral and hot temperature were 2110, 2016 and 2022kcal/kg, respectively, and the initial, growing and final phases were 1840, 2052 and 2256kcal/kg, respectively. The metabolizable energy values of soybean meal, the balance and coefficients of metabolizability of the nutrients of the test diet increased with the age of broiler; however, they were not affected by environmental temperature.

Foram utilizados 288 pintos de corte Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, sendo as três temperaturas de criação - fria, termoneutra e quente - as parcelas, e as três fases de avaliação - inicial, crescimento e final - as subparcelas, com seis repetições de seis aves cada. A dieta-teste foi obtida pela substituição de parte da ração basal pelo alimento-teste: 40% do farelo de soja + 60% da ração basal. Foram calculados os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade aparente e verdadeiro da matéria seca, do nitrogênio, do extrato etéreo da dieta-teste e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente e verdadeira (EMA e EMV), e corrigidas pelo balanço de nitrogênio do farelo de soja (EMAn e EMVn). Foram encontrados valores médios de EMAn do farelo de soja para aves criadas em temperatura fria, termoneutra e quente de 2110, 2016 e 2022kcal/kg, respectivamente, e para as fases de criação inicial, crescimento e final de 1840, 2052 e 2256kcal/kg, respectivamente. O valor de energia metabolizável do farelo de soja, os balanços e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da dieta-teste aumentaram com a idade do frango de corte, porém não são afetados pela temperatura ambiente.