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1.
Rev. Bras. Odontol. Leg. RBOL ; 9(2): 111-123, 2022-10-10.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1524842

ABSTRACT

A identificação humana é realizada por impressões digitais, prontuários odontológicos ou DNA. No entanto, nem sempre todos os processos estão disponíveis. No contexto da Odontologia Legal, o perito precisa estar atento nos casos em que há ausência de documentação odontológica, para buscar outros parâmetros que possam servir na identificação da pessoa desaparecida. Os sorrisos de pessoas desaparecidas em fotografias presentes nas redes sociais enviadas pela família podem ser analisados e utilizados para fins de identificação. O presente estudo relatou quatro casos nos quais foram utilizadas selfies postadas nas redes sociais de pessoas desaparecidas como subsídio para uma identificação humana positiva. A reprodutibilidade da posição do sorriso na fotografia AM foi um fator limitante devido ao posicionamento aleatório do operador que promove alterações na posição da cabeça e do braço, mas que não impediu a identificação das vítimas uma vez que características odontológicas individualizadoras foram evidenciadas nos exames AM e PM. O uso de selfies como fonte de informação para a identificação odontológica constitui técnica útil, vantajosa, confiável e de baixo custo, pois é acessível para todos os contextos sociais e econômicos


Human identification is performed by fingerprints, dental records or DNA. However, not all processes are always available. In the context of Forensic Dentistry, the expert needs to be alert in cases where there is no dental documentation, to look for other parameters that can serve in the identification of the missing person. The smiles of missing persons in photographs on social media sent by the family can be analyzed and used for identification purposes. The present study reported four cases in which selfies posted on social networks of missing persons were used as a subsidy for positive human identification. The reproducibility of the smile position in the AM photograph was a limiting factor due to the random positioning of the operator, which promotes changes in the position of the head and arm, but which did not prevent the identification of victims, since individualizing dental characteristics were evidenced in the AM and PM The use of selfies as a source of information for dental identification is a useful, advantageous, reliable and low-cost technique, as it is accessible to all social and economic contexts

2.
J Forensic Leg Med ; 68: 101870, 2019 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31557630

ABSTRACT

Deaths that occur in prisons riots can be by extreme violence. When unrecognizable corpses are referred for examination, the process of human identification is hampered. The aim of this study is to present applicability in human identification by ear individual signs in an inmate beheaded in Brazil prison riot. Ten prisoners died in the rebellion being discussed. Seven corpses had been burned, and three of them were beheaded. For the examination, only two heads were presented. Three families were consulted. They informed that suspect 1 had a "front tooth failure" in the anterior maxilla and no dental records, while a second family brought a panoramic radiograph (suspect 2) and the last family (suspect 3) sent one photograph. Suspects 2 and 3 were considered incompatible. Information about suspect 1, such as "front tooth failure" in the anterior maxilla and anthropological facial aspects, provided compatibles clues. The absence of dental documentation stimulated the search for other characteristics conserved in the head under study. The left ear presented good conservation for a comparative method. Morphological ear variations enabled identification to be achieved for an inmate beheaded in a prison riot, demonstrating the method's applicability and reliability. The certainty of the death of a relative allows the normal grief process to start, decreasing psychological morbidity. Mixed feelings between hope and despair are reduced. Therefore, this is a high priority for forensic experts in these cases.


Subject(s)
Burns/pathology , Decapitation , Ear, External/pathology , Prisoners , Brazil , Fires , Forensic Pathology , Humans , Riots
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 12(6): 1737-1746, nov.-dez. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-465891

ABSTRACT

Personal powers of decision and individuality must be respected, grounded on autonomy expressed through informed consent. This paper examines data on the actual use of informed consent in public hospitals in Brazil's Federal District. A questionnaire was completed by dentists in public hospitals, and its findings show that verbal informed consent is obtained at the start of treatment in most of the hospitals. Errors were noted in the use and conceptualization of informed consent. Failing to distinguish between image rights authorization and informed consent, the documents provide little information and do not explain important aspects of the treatment. Dentists practicing in the public hospital network thus need more detailed knowledge of basic bio-ethics in order to merge the long-consolidated and regulated principle of welfare with the principle of autonomy.


A individualidade e o poder de decisão dos indivíduos devem ser respeitados. A autonomia manifestada por meio do consentimento livre e esclarecido é a fonte de tal respeito. Este trabalho visou levantar dados sobre a realidade no uso do consentimento livre e esclarecido nos hospitais públicos do Distrito Federal. Um questionário foi encaminhado aos dentistas dos hospitais públicos para ser respondido. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, no início do tratamento, é utilizado o consentimento livre e esclarecido, de forma verbal, na maioria dos hospitais. Observam-se, ainda, equívocos na utilização e conceituação do consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os documentos misturam autorização do uso de imagem, com consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os documentos apresentam poucas informações e não esclarecem aspectos importantes do tratamento. Portanto, os cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes na rede pública hospitalar necessitam de um aprofundamento nos fundamentos bioéticos com o intuito de congregarem, ao princípio da beneficência, já consolidado e normatizado, o princípio da autonomia.


Subject(s)
Bioethics , Practice Patterns, Dentists' , Informed Consent/ethics , Dentistry , Dentist-Patient Relations , Brazil , Hospitals, Public , Surveys and Questionnaires
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