Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ready-to-Eat Raw Fish from Japanese Cuisine Restaurants in Salvador, Brazil.

ABSTRACT: The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in food products is a major issue for food safety. The present study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profile of S. aureus, focusing on MRSA isolates, in ready-to-eat sashimi from Japanese restaurants in Salvador, Brazil. A total of 127 sashimi samples were collected directly from the take-out service in 16 restaurants. The staphylococcal isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically with standard laboratory procedures. S. aureus isolates were tested with a disk diffusion assay against seven antibiotics, and the cefoxitin and oxacillin were used to identify MRSA strains. Isolates with the MRSA phenotype were confirmed with a PCR assay. S. aureus was found in 73% of the sashimi samples, including sashimi from tuna (75.5% of samples) and salmon (72.5% of samples). Among those positive samples, 37% were contaminated with MRSA strains, found among 38.8% of salmon sashimi and 34.0% of tuna sashimi. Penicillin resistance was the most common type of antimicrobial resistance, found in 65.5% of the sashimi samples, followed by resistance to tetracycline (22.5%), erythromycin (16.0%), and ciprofloxacin (3.2%). Only two S. aureus isolates collected from different fish samples and restaurants had presumed resistance to vancomycin. The high prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in these sashimi samples indicates a potential risk for foodborne disease, especially MRSA, spreading in the community.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw meats and prepared foods in public hospitals in salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

This study investigated the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in raw meat and fish and foods prepared from them for patient consumption in public hospitals in Salvador, Bahia, in northeastern Brazil. A total of 114 samples of raw meat and fish (chicken, n = 30; beef, n = 30; pork, n = 24; and fish, n = 30) and 63 samples of prepared foods (made with chicken, n = 15; beef, n = 15; pork, n = 15; and fish, n = 18) were collected from the kitchens of 10 different hospitals. Of the 114 investigated raw meat and fish samples, 28.1% were positive for MRSA, which comprised 23.3% beef, 23.3% chicken, 37.5% pork, and 30% fish samples. Of the prepared foods, 9.5% were positive for MRSA, which comprised 5.6% chicken products, 6.7% pork products, and 22.2% fish products. MRSA contamination was not detected in prepared beef dishes. A statistical analysis showed no association between the presence of MRSA and the type of raw food (P > 0.05). The high prevalence of MRSA among the raw foods tested and the presence of the microorganism in prepared foods emphasizes the necessity of enforcing hygienic practices within hospital kitchens.

Conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em segurança alimentar de manipuladores de alimentos em hospitais públicos de Salvador, Bahia / Food safety: knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in Public hospitals of Salvador, Bahia / Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de seguridad alimentaria de los manipuladores de alimentos en los hospitales públicos de Salvador, Bahia

Doenças veiculadas por alimentos têm aumentado nos anos mais recentes, com maior impacto na saúde e economia dos países em desenvolvimento do que em países desenvolvidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em segurança alimentar dos manipuladores de alimentos em hospitais públicos de Salvador, Bahia. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, exploratório, de corte transversal, que envolveu 237 manipuladores de alimentos de dez hospitais públicos de Salvador, Bahia. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante aplicação de formulário estruturado para avaliar o nível deconhecimento, atitudes e práticas em segurança alimentar. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos manipuladores foi treinada (92,8por cento), mas o nível de conhecimento foi insuficiente para 65,8por cento da amostra. A atitude recebeu os mais altos escores, com 98,3por cento de acertos, e as práticas suficientes foram encontradas em 73,4por cento da amostra. A análise de regressão logística mostrou associação entre o conhecimento e a escolaridade dos manipuladores (p<0,05), bem como falta de associação entre o nível de conhecimento e a participação em cursos de treinamento sobre segurança de alimentos (p>0,05). Concluiu-se que cursos de treinamento mais específicos devem ser planejados para os manipuladores de alimentos dos hospitais.

Foodborne diseases have been increasing in recent years, with a greater impact on the health and economy of the developing countries than on the developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices in food safety of food handlers in public hospitals of Salvador, Bahia. This is a descriptive, exploratory andtransversal study, conducted with 237 food handlers from ten public hospitals of Salvador, Bahia. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire to assess the food handlers safety knowledge, attitudes and practices. The results indicated that most of the handlers hadbeen trained (92.2percent), but their level of knowledge was insufficient. Attitude received the highest scores, 98.3percent accuracy and practices were sufficient 73.4percent of the handlers. Logistic regression analysis showed association between knowledge and the level of education(p<0.05) and lack of association between level of knowledge and training on food safety (p>0.05). It seems that more specific training courses should be planned for food handlers.

En los últimos años, las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos hanaumentado, con mayor impacto en la salud y en la economía de los países en desarrollo de que en los países desarrollados. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas, en materia de seguridad alimentaria, de los manipuladores de alimentos en los hospitales públicos de Salvador, Bahía. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, de enfoque transversal, con la participación de 237 manipuladores de alimentos en diez hospitales públicos de Salvador, Bahia. La recolecta de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un formulario estructurado para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas en materia de seguridad alimentaria. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría delos manipuladores se ha capacitado (92,8por ciento), pero, para el 65,8por ciento de la muestra, el nivel de conocimiento fue insuficiente. La actitud recibió las puntuaciones más altas, con el 98,3por ciento de aciertos y, en un 73,4por ciento de la muestra, las prácticas fueron encontradas suficientes. Un análisis de regresión logística mostró una asociación entre el conocimiento y la escolaridad de los manipuladores (p <0,05), bien como la falta de asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento y la participación en cursos de formación sobre seguridad alimentaria (p> 0,05). Se concluye que los cursos de formación más específicos deben ser planificados para los manipuladores de alimentos de los hospitales.

Estudo das condições microbiológicas de farinhas de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) comercializadas no centro de abastecimento de Alagoinhas, Bahia / Study of the microbiological conditions of marketing of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) flour in supply center of Alagoinhas, Bahia

No município de Alagoinhas, Bahia, e na maioria dos estados do Nordeste, a farinha de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) é produzida de forma artesanal em casas-de-farinha, na maioria das vezes localizadas no próprio local de plantio da mandioca. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições microbiológicas de farinhas de mandioca comercializadas no Centro de Abastecimento em Alagoinhas-Bahia. Foram coletadas 100 gramas de 30 amostras de farinha de mandioca, as quais foram acondicionadas em frascos estéreis, em recipiente isotérmico. As amostras foram submetidas à pesquisa de bactérias heterotróficas empregando-se o método de contagem padrão em placas, seguido da coloração de Gram, e a pesquisa para coliformes totais e termotolerantes foi realizada pela técnica do Número Mais Provável (NMP). Os resultados indicam que as amostras estão em conformidade com a legislação vigente em relação à análise de coliformes totais e termotolerantes (<3NMPg-1), na contagem de bactérias heterotróficas algumas amostras mostraram-se fora dos padrões aceitáveis. Na coloração de Gram foram observados bacilos, diplobacilos e estreptobacilos Gram positivos e Gram negativos e cocos, diplococos e estafilococos Gram positivos. A avaliação sanitário-ambiental revelou más condições de comercialização da farinha de mandioca no Centro de Abastecimento de Alagoinhas.

In the city of Alagoinhas, Bahia, and in most Northeastern states, the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) flour is produced in a craft house, most often located in the place of production. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological conditions of cassava flours marketed Supply Centre in Alagoinhas, Bahia. We collected 30 samples of cassava flour, 100 grams, which were placed in sterile, insulated container. The samples were tested for heterotrophic bacteria using the method of standard plate count, followed by Gram staining, the search for total and fecal coliforms was performed by the Most Probable Number (MPN). The results indicate that the samples that the samples are in accordance with current legislation regarding the analysis of total coliforms and thermotolerant (<3NMPg-1), the count of heterotrophic bacteria some samples were outside the acceptable standards. In Gram staining bacilli were observed, and diplobacillus estreptobacilos Gram positive and Gram negative cocci, diplococci and staphylococci Gram posotivos. The assessment of health and environmental conditions revealed but the marketing of cassava flour in the Central Supply Alagoinhas.