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1.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 25(1): 101036, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33248020

ABSTRACT

Homeless people are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis. We investigated the epidemiology of HIV-1 infection and syphilis among homeless individuals in a large city in Central-Western Brazil. In this cross-sectional study, we interviewed and tested 355 individuals from September 2014 to August 2015. Rapid test samples positive for syphilis were retested using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. Blood samples from HIV-infected participants were collected for POL sequencing using HIV-1 RNA extracted from plasma, reverse transcription, and nested polymerase chain reaction. Anti-HIV-1-positive samples were subtyped by sequencing the nucleotides of HIV-1 protease and part of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase genes. Transmitted and acquired drug resistance mutations and susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs were also analyzed. Anti-HIV was positive in 14 patients (3.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3-6.4). HIV-1 RNA was detected in 8 of the 14 samples. Two of the eight (25%) isolates showed HIV-1 drug resistance mutations. Furthermore, 78 (22%; 95% CI: 17.9-26.5) and 29 (8.2%; 95% CI: 5.6-11.4) homeless individuals tested positive for syphilis using the rapid test and VDRL test, respectively. Two individuals were anti-HIV-1 and VDRL test positive. Daily alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.0-10.4), sex with people living with HIV (PLWH) infection (AOR: 6.8, 95% CI: 1.9-25.0), and sex with people of the same sex (AOR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.7-17.5) were predictors of HIV infection. Age ≤35 years (AOR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.4-10.8), previous syphilis testing (AOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.4-8.4), history of genital lesions (AOR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.3-19.1), and crack use in the last six months (AOR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3-7.6) were predictors of syphilis. Our findings highlight the importance of STI prevention and control strategies among the homeless.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , HIV-1 , Syphilis , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Resistance , Genetic Variation , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1/genetics , Humans , Mutation , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Syphilis/epidemiology
2.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 25: [e15493], jan.-dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-916207

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar os significados do cuidado de enfermagem para cuidadores principais de indivíduos adultos com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em hospital da Região Central do Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de maio a novembro de 2014, em 220 cuidadores principais, sendo utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Investigação aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (parecer 031/2009). Resultados: foram identificadas as seguintes categorias nos depoimentos: relações afetivas e o cuidado; enfermagem e o modelo vocacional-religioso; subalternidade profissional e satisfação do cliente e o cuidado. Conclusão: os cuidadores ainda possuem visão restrita e limitada a respeito da enfermagem, não considerando que a profissão atua com rigor científico baseado em evidências, e articulado à utilidade social. Os achados oferecem ponto de partida para o planejamento de intervenções que traduzam o conhecimento produzido pela enfermagem aos cuidadores principais no ambiente hospitalar, grupo formador de opinião intra e extra-hospitalar.


Objective: to identify the meanings of nursing care to primary caregivers of adults with chronic noncommunicable diseases at a hospital in the Central Region of Brazil. Method: this qualitative, descriptive study was conducted by semi-structured interviews of 220 primary caregivers, from May to November 2014, and using content analysis technique. The study had research ethics committee approval (opinion 031/2009). Results: the following categories were identified in the transcriptions: affective relationships and care; nursing and the vocational-religious model; professional subordination and client satisfaction and care. Conclusion: caregivers still have a narrow and limited view of nursing, and do not consider that the profession acts with scientific evidence-based rigor and in articulation with social utility. The findings offer a starting point for planning interventions that translate the knowledge produced by nursing to primary caregivers in the hospital setting, who are opinion leaders, as a group, inside and outside the hospital.


Objetivo: identificar los significados del cuidado de enfermería para cuidadores principales de individuos adultos con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en un hospital de la Región Central de Brasil. Método: estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, realizado por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas en el período de mayo a noviembre de 2014, junto a 220 cuidadores principales, siendo utilizada la técnica de análisis de contenido. Investigación aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación (dictamen 031/2009). Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías de resultados: relaciones afectivas y el cuidado, enfermería y el modelo vocacionalreligioso, subalternidad profesional y satisfacción del cliente y el cuidado. Conclusión: los cuidadores todavía tienen visión restringida y limitada respecto a la enfermería, no considerando que la profesión actúe con rigor científico basado en evidencias y articulada a la utilidad social. Los hallazgos ofrecen un punto de partida para la planificación de intervenciones que traduzcan el conocimiento producido por la enfermería a los cuidadores principales en el ambiente hospitalario, grupo formador de opinión intra y extrahospitalario.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Family , Caregivers , Hospital Care , Nursing Care , Nursing Methodology Research , Chronic Disease
3.
Cad Saude Publica ; 33(7): e00109216, 2017 Aug 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28792993

ABSTRACT

Data are limited in Brazil on hepatitis B infection among homeless individuals, a marginalized population with high risk of sexually transmissible infections (STI), including hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis B epidemiology in homeless persons lodged in a public shelter in Goiânia, Central Brazil. From August 2014 to June 2015, 353 individuals were interviewed and tested for markers of HBV infection. Overall HBV prevalence was 21.8% (95%CI: 17,82-26,41), and 19,5% (95%CI: 15,75-24,0) showed a serological profile of previous HBV vaccination. Older individuals (> 50 years), blacks, and homosexuals or bisexuals showed increased exposure to HBV. The low frequency of individuals immunized against HBV, high social vulnerability, and risk behaviors emphasize the need for health services administrators to provide more opportunities for HBV vaccination in this target population.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Ill-Housed Persons/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hepatitis B/etiology , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Risk-Taking , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Young Adult
4.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 33(7): e00109216, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889724

ABSTRACT

Data are limited in Brazil on hepatitis B infection among homeless individuals, a marginalized population with high risk of sexually transmissible infections (STI), including hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis B epidemiology in homeless persons lodged in a public shelter in Goiânia, Central Brazil. From August 2014 to June 2015, 353 individuals were interviewed and tested for markers of HBV infection. Overall HBV prevalence was 21.8% (95%CI: 17,82-26,41), and 19,5% (95%CI: 15,75-24,0) showed a serological profile of previous HBV vaccination. Older individuals (> 50 years), blacks, and homosexuals or bisexuals showed increased exposure to HBV. The low frequency of individuals immunized against HBV, high social vulnerability, and risk behaviors emphasize the need for health services administrators to provide more opportunities for HBV vaccination in this target population.


No Brasil, existem poucos dados sobre a infecção por hepatite B entre pessoas em situação de rua, uma população marginalizada com alto risco para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), incluindo a hepatite B. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a epidemiologia da hepatite B em pessoas alojadas em um abrigo público da cidade de Goiânia, Brasil Central. De agosto de 2014 a junho de 2015, 353 indivíduos foram entrevistados e testados para os marcadores da infecção pelo HBV. Uma prevalência global de 21,8% (IC95%: 17,82-26,41) para HBV foi estimado, e 19,5% (IC95%: 15,75-24,0) apresentaram perfil sorológico de vacinação prévia contra o HBV. Ser mais velho (acima de 50 anos de idade), preto e homossexual ou bissexual foram preditores de exposição ao HBV. A baixa frequência de indivíduos imunizados contra o HBV, bem como de alta vulnerabilidade social e ocorrência de comportamentos de risco reforçam a necessidade dos gestores de saúde proporcionar mais oportunidades de vacinação para esta população-alvo.


En Brasil, existen pocos datos sobre la infección por hepatitis B entre personas sin techo, una población marginalizada con un alto riesgo de infecciones sexualmente transmisibles (IST), incluyendo la hepatitis B. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la epidemiología de la hepatitis B en personas alojadas en un albergue público de la ciudad de Goiânia, Brasil Central. De agosto de 2014 a junio de 2015, se entrevistó a 353 individuos y se probaron los marcadores de la infección por HBV. Se estimó una prevalencia global de un 21,8% (IC95%: 17,82-26,41) para HBV, y 19,5% (IC95%: 15,75-24,0) presentaron un perfil serológico de vacunación previa contra el HBV. Ser más viejo (por encima de 50 años de edad), negro y homosexual o bisexual fueron predictores de exposición al HBV. La baja frecuencia de individuos inmunizados contra el HBV, así como la alta vulnerabilidad social y ocurrencia de comportamientos de riesgo refuerzan la necesidad de los gestores de salud de proporcionar más oportunidades de vacunación para esta población-objetivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Ill-Housed Persons/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Risk-Taking , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B/etiology , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Middle Aged
5.
Acta paul. enferm ; 28(1): 95-100, Jan-Feb/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-758664

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de sinais e sintomas de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e verificar o conhecimento para essas infecções em adolescentes e jovens de um assentamento urbano. Métodos Estudo de corte transversal realizado em 105 assentados de 12 a 24 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e analisados pelo Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 17.0. Resultados Do total de participantes que responderam sobre Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, 20,6% relataram algum sinal e/ou sintoma, com maior proporção em indivíduos do sexo feminino, que possuíam piercing e/ou tatuagem e consumiam álcool antes ou durante a relação sexual (p < 0,05). Também, muitos participantes apresentaram desconhecimento quanto os sinais e sintomas de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Conclusão A presença de sinais e/ou sintomas de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis foi associado a fatores relacionados à vulnerabilidade individual dos adolescentes e jovens do assentamento...


Objective To estimate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases and to verify the knowledge of adolescents and young people of an urban settlement about these infections. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 105 settlers aged 12-24 years old. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 17.0. Results Of the participants who responded regarding sexually transmitted diseases, 20.6% reported signs and/or symptoms, with a higher proportion in females, those who had a piercing and/or tattoo, and who consumed alcohol before or during sexual intercourse (p <0.05). Also, many participants showed ignorance about the signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusion The presence of signs and/or symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases were associated with factors related to individual vulnerability of adolescents and young people of the settlement...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Urban Population , Risk Groups , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Community Health Nursing , Signs and Symptoms , Signs and Symptoms , Cross-Sectional Studies
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