Predições da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo podem determinar a digestibilidade e o consumo alimentar de cordeiros confinados / Near-IR spectroscopy predictions can determine the digestibility and feed intake from feedlot lambs

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo validar a eficácia do método de espectroscopia de reflectância do infravermelho proximal (NIRS) em predizer o consumo e a digestibilidade da MS e nutrientes de dietas para cordeiros confinados, em comparação ao método convencional de laboratório. Amostras das dietas fornecidas, sobras e fezes de 40 cordeiros Santa Inês foram submetidas a ambos os métodos e analisadas quanto aos teores de MS, MM, FDN, FDA, PB e EE, para futuros cálculos do consumo e da digestibilidade. A maioria dos coeficientes de correlação do modelo ficou na faixa de 0,66 a 0,81, mostrando-se adequados para a predição quantitativa. Os maiores coeficientes foram observados para teores de PB das dietas (0,85) e sobras (0,87). Foram encontradas altas correlações entre os métodos na predição do consumo (média de 0,93) e digestibilidade (média de 0,90) das dietas. As correlações entre as variáveis obtidas pela predição do NIRS e pelo método convencional foram adequadas, demonstrando que, independentemente do método, os teores nutricionais das dietas, das sobras e das fezes podem ser utilizados para calcular o consumo e a digestibilidade da MS e dos nutrientes das dietas para cordeiros confinados, sendo recomendado o método NIRS pela precisão, pela rapidez e pelo baixo custo em relação ao método convencional.(AU)

This research was carried out to validate the effectiveness of the Near-IR spectroscopy method in predicting intake and digestibility of DM and nutrients of diets for feedlot lambs, in order to compare with the conventional laboratory method. Samples of diets, ort,s and feces of forty Santa Ines lambs were subjected to both methods and analyzed for DM, MM, NDF, ADF, CP, and EE for future calculations for intake and digestibility. Most of the model's correlation coefficient was in the range of 0.66 to 0.81, being suitable for quantitative prediction. Highest values for CP content of 0.85 (diets) and 0.87 (orts) were observed. There were high correlations between the methods to predicting intake (average values of 0.93) and digestibility (average values of 0.93). Correlations between the variables obtained by the prediction of NIRS and the conventional method were adequate, showing that regardless of the method, the nutritional content of diets, orts and feces can be used to calculate the intake and digestibility of DM and nutrients of lambs' diets. The Near-IR spectroscopy method is recommended for accuracy, speed and low cost compared to conventional method.(AU)

Glicerina na alimentação de cordeiros terminados em confinamento: características quantitativas da carcaça e qualitativas da carne / Glycerin in feeding of lambs finished in feedlot: quantitative characteristics of carcass and qualitative characteristics of meat

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a ausência e a inclusão de glicerina na dieta de cordeiros terminados em confinamento, sobre as características da carcaça e a qualidade da carne no músculo semimembranosus. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros machos, não castrados, da raça ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês, desmamados com idade média de 90 dias e peso médio inicial de 21+2,3kg. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de duas dietas: G0 - ausência de glicerina e G10 - inclusão de 10% de glicerina na MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e 20 repetições. Observou-se efeito para peso de abate (P=0,041) e rendimento de carcaça fria (P=0,019) entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se que os cordeiros alimentados com a inclusão de glicerina (inclusão de 10% de glicerina na MS) apresentaram melhor rendimento de carcaça fria e menor peso de abate, sem que fossem alteradas as demais características estudadas.(AU)

This study was conducted to evaluate absence and the inclusion of glycerin in the diet of feedlot finished lambs on carcass characteristics and meat quality in the semimembranosus muscle. Forty males of the breed ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês weaned with average age of 90 days and average weight of 21+2.3kg were included. The treatments consisted of two diets: G0 - absence of glycerin and G10 - inclusion of 10% glycerol. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments and 20 repetitions. There was effect to slaughter weight (P=0.041) and cold carcass yield (P=0.019) between treatments. We conclude that the lambs fed the inclusion of glycerin (10%) showed better cold carcass yield and lower slaughter weight without changing the other characteristics studied.(AU)

Predições da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo podem determinar a digestibilidade e o consumo alimentar de cordeiros confinados / Near-IR spectroscopy predictions can determine the digestibility and feed intake from feedlot lambs

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo validar a eficácia do método de espectroscopia de reflectância do infravermelho proximal (NIRS) em predizer o consumo e a digestibilidade da MS e nutrientes de dietas para cordeiros confinados, em comparação ao método convencional de laboratório. Amostras das dietas fornecidas, sobras e fezes de 40 cordeiros Santa Inês foram submetidas a ambos os métodos e analisadas quanto aos teores de MS, MM, FDN, FDA, PB e EE, para futuros cálculos do consumo e da digestibilidade. A maioria dos coeficientes de correlação do modelo ficou na faixa de 0,66 a 0,81, mostrando-se adequados para a predição quantitativa. Os maiores coeficientes foram observados para teores de PB das dietas (0,85) e sobras (0,87). Foram encontradas altas correlações entre os métodos na predição do consumo (média de 0,93) e digestibilidade (média de 0,90) das dietas. As correlações entre as variáveis obtidas pela predição do NIRS e pelo método convencional foram adequadas, demonstrando que, independentemente do método, os teores nutricionais das dietas, das sobras e das fezes podem ser utilizados para calcular o consumo e a digestibilidade da MS e dos nutrientes das dietas para cordeiros confinados, sendo recomendado o método NIRS pela precisão, pela rapidez e pelo baixo custo em relação ao método convencional.(AU)

This research was carried out to validate the effectiveness of the Near-IR spectroscopy method in predicting intake and digestibility of DM and nutrients of diets for feedlot lambs, in order to compare with the conventional laboratory method. Samples of diets, ort,s and feces of forty Santa Ines lambs were subjected to both methods and analyzed for DM, MM, NDF, ADF, CP, and EE for future calculations for intake and digestibility. Most of the model's correlation coefficient was in the range of 0.66 to 0.81, being suitable for quantitative prediction. Highest values for CP content of 0.85 (diets) and 0.87 (orts) were observed. There were high correlations between the methods to predicting intake (average values of 0.93) and digestibility (average values of 0.93). Correlations between the variables obtained by the prediction of NIRS and the conventional method were adequate, showing that regardless of the method, the nutritional content of diets, orts and feces can be used to calculate the intake and digestibility of DM and nutrients of lambs' diets. The Near-IR spectroscopy method is recommended for accuracy, speed and low cost compared to conventional method.(AU)

Glicerina na alimentação de cordeiros terminados em confinamento: características quantitativas da carcaça e qualitativas da carne / Glycerin in feeding of lambs finished in feedlot: quantitative characteristics of carcass and qualitative characteristics of meat

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a ausência e a inclusão de glicerina na dieta de cordeiros terminados em confinamento, sobre as características da carcaça e a qualidade da carne no músculo semimembranosus. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros machos, não castrados, da raça ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês, desmamados com idade média de 90 dias e peso médio inicial de 21+2,3kg. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de duas dietas: G0 - ausência de glicerina e G10 - inclusão de 10% de glicerina na MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e 20 repetições. Observou-se efeito para peso de abate (P=0,041) e rendimento de carcaça fria (P=0,019) entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se que os cordeiros alimentados com a inclusão de glicerina (inclusão de 10% de glicerina na MS) apresentaram melhor rendimento de carcaça fria e menor peso de abate, sem que fossem alteradas as demais características estudadas.(AU)

This study was conducted to evaluate absence and the inclusion of glycerin in the diet of feedlot finished lambs on carcass characteristics and meat quality in the semimembranosus muscle. Forty males of the breed ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês weaned with average age of 90 days and average weight of 21+2.3kg were included. The treatments consisted of two diets: G0 - absence of glycerin and G10 - inclusion of 10% glycerol. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments and 20 repetitions. There was effect to slaughter weight (P=0.041) and cold carcass yield (P=0.019) between treatments. We conclude that the lambs fed the inclusion of glycerin (10%) showed better cold carcass yield and lower slaughter weight without changing the other characteristics studied.(AU)

Carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore cattle fed different non-fiber carbohydrates sources associated with crude glycerin.

Crude glycerin, a potential energy source for ruminant animals, has been evaluated, mainly, in diets with high starch content. However, a limit number of studies have evaluated the inclusion of crude glycerin in low starch diets. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the association of crude glycerin with corn grain or citrus pulp on carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore bulls (n=30, 402±31 kg initial weight). The treatment consisted of: CON=control, without crude glycerin; CG10=10% of crude glycerin and corn grain; CG15=15% of crude glycerin and corn grain; CP10=10% of crude glycerin and citrus pulp; CP15=15% of crude glycerin and citrus pulp. The performance parameters and carcass traits were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). The inclusion of crude glycerin decreased yellow color intensity and increased fatty acids pentadecanoic and heptadecenoic in meat (P<0.05), without affecting neither the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids nor the relationship of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The association of crude glycerin with corn or citrus pulp has no adverse effects on carcass characteristics and meat quality.

Avaliação da imunidade humoral em ratos submetidos à radiação eletromagnética não ionizante / Humoral immunity in rats subjected to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation

The objective of this study was to verify using immunoglobulin dosimetry for IgA, IgG, IgM the possible alterations on the immune system of rats submitted to the non ionizing radiation used by cellular telephony...

Heart transplantation in Chagas' disease. 10 years after the initial experience.

BACKGROUND: Heart transplantation (HT) as a therapeutic option for end-stage chronic Chagas' heart disease (CCHD) is controversial. Reactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and recurrence of the disease in the allograft are likely to occur. Furthermore, active myocarditis has been reported to predispose patients to an increased incidence and severity of rejection. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively investigated the long-term follow-up of 10 patients with CCHD who underwent HT. Immunosuppression was based on cyclosporine A and azathioprine. T cruzi reactivation was prevented with benzonidazole. Besides allograft rejection surveillance, T cruzi infection was monitored through blood tests, myocardial biopsies, and serological tests. Over a mean follow-up period of 34 +/- 38 months (range, 73 to 124 months), 7 patients are alive and in NYHA functional class I. Life expectancy was 78% for the second year and 65% for 10 years. Rejection was less frequent in chagasic than in age- and sex-matched control patients (mean +/- SD, 1.60 +/- 1.26 versus 5.70 +/- 1.89 episodes per patient, respectively; P = .0001); decreased severity of rejection was also observed (P = .006). T cruzi parasitemias detected on three occasions were successfully treated with benzonidazole. There were no signs of recurrence of the disease in the allograft. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an important role of HT in the treatment of CCHD. There was a low frequency of T cruzi infection reactivation and no signs of recurrence of the disease in the allograft. The surprisingly decreased rejection incidence and severity require further studies for elucidation.

[Relationship of average level and variability of blood pressure with the geometry of the left ventricle in systemic hypertension]. / Relação do nível médio e variabilidade da pressão arterial com a geometria do ventrículo esquerdo na hipertensão arterial sistêmica.

PURPOSE: To study the relation between the average level and variability of blood pressure (VBP) obtained by ambulatory monitoring (AMBP) and the geometric pattern (GP) of the left ventricle (LV) obtained by echocardiography (ECHO) in patients with hypertension (Hy) METHODS: AMBP and ECHO were performed in 37 patients with Hy, divided into three groups: group A--11 women using antihypertensive therapy (AH); group B--15 men using AH and group C--7 male and 4 female without AH. The GP of LV was obtained by ECHO based on mass index (MI) and relative thickness of the wall (RTW). Mean systolic (MSBP) and diastolic (MDBP) were analyzed during daytime (DT) and nighttime (NT) periods. VBP was defined by mean standard deviation (SD) of mean pressures considered. RESULTS: In G-A, there was a significant association between the MI and both VBP and MSBP (r = 0.65 and p < 0.005, r = 0.61, and p < 0.005, respectively), and MSBP and VBP during the DP (r = 0.64 and p < 0.005, r = 0.75, and p < 0.005). In G-B, there was a relation between the LVRTW (r = 0.55 and p < 0.005), and MSBP during the DP (r = 0.65 and p < 0.005). In G-C, there was a significant association (p < 0.005) between the MI and the MDBP in the DP and with the MSBP in the NP (r valueS ranged from 0.51 to 0.66). There was also a significant relation (p < 0.005) between the LVRTW and the SD of all variables in both DP and NP (r ranged from 0.47 to 0.78 and mean diastolic in the wakeful period (r = 0.42 to 0.78) and MDBP in the DP (r = 0.42 and p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both the increase in VBP and the mean BP are involved in the changes of LVGP in Hy.

[Angioplasty in native coronary circulation in patients treated with myocardial revascularization]. / Angioplastia na circulação coronária nativa em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results after angioplasty in the native coronary vessels in patients who had undergone previous coronary artery surgery. METHODS: From June 1987 to July 1990, 69 patients with previous coronary artery surgery underwent coronary angioplasty in the native arteries. Age ranged from 31 to 82 (mean = 57.5) years, fifty eight were males. Angina was present in all patients. The patients were classified in three groups according to the following criteria: group I--incomplete revascularization following bypass surgery (28 patients); group II--progression of the disease in ungrafted vessels (24 patients) and group III--progression of the disease in grafted vessels (17 patients). RESULTS: Primary success was achieved in 94% (65/69). Ninety-five percent in group I, 92% in group II and 94% in group III. Complications occurred in 4%; emergency surgery or deaths were not observed in this study. Forty patients (61%) repeated coronary arteriography an average follow-up of 4 months and restenosis was detected in 10 (25%); 8 of them were redilated. Survival rates was 95% and 75% of them were free of coronary events after an average follow-up of 13 months. CONCLUSION: Coronary angioplasty in these patients is a safe and effective interventional procedure in the treatment of coronary artery disease in native coronary vessels.

[Coronary angioplasty in young patients]. / Angioplastia coronária em pacientes jovens.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of coronary angioplasty in patients at the age of 40 years old or under. METHODS: From July 1987 to July 1990, 878 coronary angioplasty procedures were performed. Sixty six patients (7.5%) were 40 years old or under. The coronary obstruction was considered significant when 70% or more of the arterial diameter was involved and the post angioplasty results were considered satisfactory when residual obstruction was less than the 50%. RESULTS: Fifty four patients (81.8%) were male with an average age of 37 years (ranging from 29 to 40). Forty four patients (67%) had stable angina, 18 (27%) unstable angina, 3 (4%) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and one (1.5%) AMI after streptokinase treatment. Eight of these patients had previous report of AMI and 3 (4.5%) had undergone coronary bypass grafting surgery. Fifty five patients (83%) had single vessel disease and 11 (17%) had multivessel disease. Eighty coronary arteries had balloon dilatation. In 32 patients (58%) with single vessel artery, 12 (22%) in the RCA, 10 (18%) in the left circumflex and one (2%) into a saphenous vein bypass grafting. In 12 patients (48%) with multivessel disease it was performed in the LAD coronary artery, 8 (32%) in the RCA and 5 (20%) in the left circumflex. Angioplasty was successfully performed in 53 (96%) patients with single vessel disease and in 10 (01%) with multivessel disease. One of the patients died immediately after the procedure. A follow up of 11.6 months (ranged from 1 to 27 months) was possible in 63 patients. Re-stenosis was depicted in 10 (19%) of the 55 patients with single vessel disease and in 3 of the 11 patients (30%) with multivessel disease. Nine patients had a successful redilatation in the first group and 2 in the second one. The two remaining patients had undergone coronary bypass surgery. The clinical evaluation among patients who had been dilated as the first procedure and those who had redilatation (61 patients) showed: 92% were asymptomatic and 8% had mild angina. CONCLUSION: Coronary angioplasty performed in young patients is an effective procedure with very low rate of early complications and favorable clinical follow-up.

[Chronic active hepatitis and possible relationship with immunosuppressive therapy]. / Hepatite crônica ativa e possível relação com terapia imunossupressora.

A 54-year-old man with Chagas cardiomyopathy that was submitted to a heart transplantation and five months later presented a progressive increase in liver enzymes. Diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis was confirmed by histopathologic studies. A transitory interruption of treatment with azathioprine and the posterior re-introduction of small doses, as well as the use of lesser amounts of cyclosporin-A improved the clinical and laboratory pictures. Despite several investigations the pathogenesis of hepatitis remained undetermined, although some type of drug injury was presumed to be involved. The eventual role of viruses as the primary inciting event could not be completely ruled out.

[Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of heart transplantation]. / Avaliação ecodopplercardiográfica do transplante cardíaco.

In order to evaluate major Doppler-Echocardiographic parameters for the diagnosis of acute cardiac allograft rejection episodes a serial of 54 Doppler Echocardiograms were performed simultaneously with endomyocardial biopsy in five patients (mean age = 40.2 y/o). Measurements included: right and left chambers diameters, left ventricular (LV) myocardial diastolic thickness, LV systolic function parameters, LV mass, LV volume/mass ratio, LV isovolumic relaxation time, mitral flow peak velocities and pressure half-time. Episodes with acute rejection histopathologic findings, Billingham class III or IV, were associated to increase in LV free wall thickness and LV mass (p less than 0,005) as well as decreased isovolumic relaxation time and pressure half-time (p less than 0,001). Left ventricular systolic function parameters and heart rate were no different comparing rejection and no rejection episodes. However, in each patient, progressive lower values of LV ejection fraction were associated to higher incidence of acute rejection episodes. Isovolumic relaxation time increased promptly following immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, Doppler Echocardiography is a reliable method for early detection of acute cardiac allograft rejection and monitoring of the cardiac transplant recipient.

Avaliaçäo de nitratos de açäo rápida através de dados clínicos e teste de esforço / Evaluation of rapid action of nitrates through clinical data and exercise test

Foram estudados os efeitos do dinitrato de isossorbitol e propatilnitrato, administrados por via sublingual, comparados aos do placebo, através da análise de dados clínicos e das respostas cardiovascular e eletrocardiográfica durante o teste de esforço, em 14 pacientes do sexo masculino portadores de aterosclerose e insuficiência coronária crônica. Todos apresentavam resposta positiva (isquêmica) ao teste de esforço máximo, em cicloergômetro, caracterizado por infradesnivelamento do segmento ST >=1,0mm, de morfologia horizontal e/ou descendente. A idade dos pacientes variou de 40 a 70 anos, sendo a média de 53,7 anos. A investigaçäo foi dividida em quatro fases: controle (A), durante a administraçäo de dinitrato de isossorbitol (B), propatilnitrato (C) e placebo (D), a intervalos de seis horas durante oito dias. Evidenciaram-se reduçöes näo significativas do número de crises anginosas, dos nitratos consumidos, das queixas de palpitaçäo e dispnéia nas fases B e C em relaçäo as fases A e D. O aparecimento de cefaléia foi maior (p<0,05) na fase B do que nas fases A, C e D. Durante o uso de ambos os nitratos foram observadas variaçöes näo significativas da freqüência cardíaca das pressöes arteriais e do duplo-produto, aumento do índice carga-tempo, do trabalho físico máximo (Tfm) e de suas relaçöes com a pressäo arterial sistólica (PAS) e o duplo-produto, sendo o aumento do Tfm e da relaçäo Tfm/PAS significativo na fase B (p<0,5)

Lipoma do mediastino. Apresentação de um caso / Mediastinal lipoma. Report of a case

Relato de um caso de lipoma do mediastino em paciente jovem operado com sucesso.Discute-se a raridade desta afeccao, o diagnostico diferencial bem como a variedade de suas manifestacoes clinicas. Sao analisados os tipos morfologicos e as categorias histologicas. Conclue-se que pelos metodos complementares nao invasivos de exploracao, o diagnostico e apenas presuntivo. Sao discutidas a indicacao cirurgica as diferentes abordagens tecnicas e as complicacoes do ato operatorio

Alterações eletrocardiográficas durante arteriografia coronária / Electrocardiographic changes during coronary arteriography

Foram estudadas as alteracoes eletrocardiograficas durante arteriografia coronaria seletiva em 30 pacientes, com diagnostico de insuficiencia coronaria. Dezoito deles apresentavam lesoes obstrutivas deles apresentavam lesoes obstrutivas coronarias, 6 alteracoes consideradas nao obstrutivas e outros 6 arterias normais. O contraste usado foi o hypaque M a 75% e, em 4 pacientes, utilizou-se tambem solucao salina a 0,9%. As alteracoes eletricas significativas (p < 0,05) durante injecoes de contraste, tanto na coronaria esquerda (CE) quanto na direita (CD), foram: bradicardia sinusal, aumento da magnitude da onda R, infradesnivelamento dos pontos J e Y do segmento ST, variacoes morfologicas da onda T e prolongamento do intervalo QTc. Observou-se diminuicao da amplitude da onda P apenas durante opacificacao da CD. Em 70% dos pacientes observou-se desvio do AQRS a esquerda, durante injecao em CE, e a direita, durante injecao em CD.Verificou-se desvio do AT a direita durante injecao em CE, em 70% dos pacientes e a esquerda, durante injecao em CD em 90% deles. Com solucao salina, as alteracoes foram semelhantes as do contraste, embora com menor intensidade. Nao houve diferenca (p > 0,05) nas modificacoes observadas nos grupos com e sem insuficiencia coronaria obstrutiva. As alteracoes eletrocardiograficas encontradas foram relacionadas fundamentalmente a alteracoes reflexas neurogenicas e a efeito toxico da solucao injetada