ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D on cardiovascular risk in obese adolescents. METHODS: Thirty (16 females/14 males) post-puberty obese adolescents (15-19 years) were involved and measurements of inflammatory biomarkers, body composition, visceral fat, and vitamin D (serum and intake) were performed. The adolescents were submitted to a long-term interdisciplinary therapy with physical exercise, nutritional, psychological, and clinical interventions. RESULTS: Negative correlations between vitamin D intake with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (r=-0.69; p=0.01) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) (r=-0.82; p=0.001) were found in the population analyzed. Improvement in PAI-1, VCAM-1, body composition, and visceral fat, were observed. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that low vitamin D intake is associated with an increase in the cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescents.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Combined Modality Therapy , Eating/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Pediatric Obesity/blood , Risk Factors , Vitamin D/blood , Vitamin D Deficiency/blood , Weight Reduction Programs , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is related to inflammation and cardiovascular disease. The increase in saturated fatty acid intake (SFA) can potentiate cardiovascular risks. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of change in SFA on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), metabolic profile and anti/pro-inflammatory adipokines in obese adolescents. METHODS: Sixty obese adolescents were subjected to 1 year of interdisciplinary intervention (nutrition, psychology, physical exercise and clinical therapy). Blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, leptin and adiponectin were analysed. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. cIMT was measured by ultrasonography. Dietetic intake was calculated by 3-day dietary record. Volunteers were analysed according to tertiles of change (Δ) in SFA intake: Low-SFA reduction<3.68 g; Moderate-SFA reduction 3.68-13.67 g; and High-SFA reduction>13.67 g. RESULTS: Moderate and High-SFA tertiles presented reduction in insulin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, cIMT and increase in adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio. Adiponectin/leptin ratio was predictor of cIMT. HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol reduced only in High-SFA tertile, and was associated with SFA independent of visceral fat. Negative correlations between Δ of SFA and adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio were observed. CONCLUSION: Obese adolescents with moderate and high reduction in SFA presented improvements on pro/anti-inflammatory biomarkers and cIMT, leading to reduction in cardiovascular risks.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Pediatric Obesity/diet therapy , Adolescent , Blood Glucose , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Combined Modality Therapy , Diet, Fat-Restricted , Female , Humans , Insulin/blood , Male , Pediatric Obesity/blood , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Pediatric Obesity/pathology , Pediatric Obesity/therapy , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a prothrombotic adipokine involved in the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis that associated with proinflammatory adipokines may increase the risk related to obesity. Anthropometric measures are commonly used in clinical practice and, currently, neck circumference (NC) has been used as a marker of cardiovascular risk that can favour inflammatory factors. OBJECTIVE: To verify the possible correlations between prothrombotic and pro/anti-inflammatory markers with anthropometric measurements in obese. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 43 obese adults were enrolled. The variables include body mass, stature, body mass index (BMI), NC, chest circumference (CC), abdominal circumference (AC), hip circumference (HC), blood pressure and blood collection used to assess the level of adipokines. RESULTS: The sample was stratified by BMI. PAI-1 levels were positively correlated with body mass (r=0.31, p=0.04), NC (r=0.43, p=0.004), CC (r=0.40, p=0.004), AC (r=0.37, p=0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.35, p=0.03), leptin/adiponectin ratio (r=0.36, p=0.01) and negatively correlated with adiponectin (r=-0.34, p=0.02). In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, NC showed to be an independent predictor to PAI-1 when adjusted for gender and BMI, according to the age (ß=0.47, p=0.02 and ß=0.42, p=0.02 respectively). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, NC could be suggested as an independent predictor higher PAI-1. This association can be a new screening of persons at an enhanced cardiovascular risk and inflammation in this obese population, so useful in clinical practice.
