ABSTRACT
The Juquitiba virus, an agent of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome, is one of the most widely distributed hantavirus found in South America. It has been detected in Oligoryzomys nigripes, Akodon montensis, Oxymycterus judex, Akodon paranaensis in Brazil and in O. nigripes, Oryzomys sp. and Oligoryzomys fornesi rodents in Argentine, Paraguay and Uruguay. Here, we report the genomic characterization of the complete S segment from the Juquitiba strain, isolated from the lung tissues of O. fornesi, the presumed rodent reservoir of Anajatuba virus in Brazilian Amazon, captured in the Cerrado Biome, Brazil.
Subject(s)
Genome, Viral , Orthohantavirus/classification , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , RNA Viruses/genetics , RNA, Viral/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sigmodontinae/virology , Animals , Brazil , Disease Reservoirs , Lung/virology , RNA Viruses/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
We analyzed the molecular divergence of 2 separate populations of Cebus apella paraguayanus, recently considered a junior synonym of Cebus cay, and estimated its time of separation from C. apella. Cytochrome b DNA from 23 C. cay from Brazil and 9 from Paraguay showed 24 haplotypes (20 and 4, respectively), accounting for 29 variable sites (19 transitions and 10 transversions), with 40.0%, 26.7%, and 33.0% replacements at first, second, and third codon positions, respectively. Genetic distance between haplotypes averaged 0.5%, with 1.1% between C. cay populations. Phylogenetic reconstructions and median joining separated C. cay from Brazil and Paraguay. Neighbor joining showed C. cay and C. apella as sister groups, although C. cay and C. apella collapsed in maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood topologies. Analysis of molecular variance showed the highest variance component between C. cay populations, and mismatch distribution indicated that this species suffered a recent demographic expansion. Divergence time estimates suggested that the 2 populations of C. cay split in the Pleistocene, a period of repeated glaciation events leading to drastic changes in the vegetation composition of different biomes.
Subject(s)
Cebus/genetics , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Genetic Speciation , Animals , Brazil , Cebus/classification , Cytochromes b/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Female , Haplotypes/genetics , Paraguay , PhylogenyABSTRACT
A phylogeographic study of Callicebus lugens was carried out based on cytochrome b DNA sequence data. Here, we report, for the first time, the distribution of C. lugens south of the Rio Negro, in Barcelos municipality (Amazonas State, Brazil), indicating that this river is not the southern boundary of the distribution of this species as previously proposed. Specimens from the north and south banks showed the same diploid number (2n = 16), while phylogenetic reconstructions based on maximum parsimony, distance, and maximum likelihood analyses grouped all specimens in a strongly supported clade comprising 2 separate lineages, in coincidence with their geographic distribution along riverbanks. Median-joining analysis showed a similar separation, with 22 transitions between the 2 groups, whereas time of divergence estimates indicated that the splitting of the C. lugens lineages occurred some 2.2 million years before present. Conservation strategies should take into consideration that this species might be sympatric with Callicebus torquatus at the south bank of Rio Negro.
