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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 75(3): 71-74, agosto 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-207236

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El botulismo es un síndrome neuroparalítico hoy en día infrecuente, potencialmente fatal, causado por neurotoxinas de Clostridium botulinum. El origen es alimentario en el 25% de los casos. Caso clínico. Describimos el caso confirmado de botulismo alimentario en una paciente atendida en nuestro hospital en septiembre de 2020 y la sospecha de un segundo caso en un familiar de la paciente, no confirmado éste por las pruebas de laboratorio. La instauración en pocos días de una afectación bilateral de pares craneales, incluyendo disfagia, disnea y disartria, junto con midriasis y tetraparesia graves, precedida de diarrea, constituyó la presentación clínica en el primer caso; mientras que en su familiar cursó con síntomas inespecíficos y transitorios. Constatamos disautonomía consistente en hipotensión arterial en ambos casos. Teniendo en cuenta la situación pandémica en aquel momento, se descartó repetidamente la infección por SARS-CoV-2 antes de plantear alternativas diagnósticas. La neurotoxina B de C. botulinum fue detectada en las heces de la paciente, confirmando el diagnóstico de botulismo, que relacionamos con la ingesta de una conserva casera de alubias. Se completó el diagnóstico diferencial del cuadro descartando otras posibles etiologías. Conclusión. La sospecha clínica temprana, confirmada con los hallazgos de laboratorio y neurofisiológicos y que llevaron al manejo específico de la paciente, fueron cruciales para la evolución favorable. No fue necesario aplicar medidas de salud pública, a excepción de la notificación a sus allegados de la contaminación detectada. Conocer la existencia de esta patología puede contribuir a su pronóstico.(AU)


Introduction. Botulism is a potentially fatal neuroparalytic syndrome caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. The 25% are food-borne botulism cases. Case report. We describe a confirmed case of botulism attended in our hospital in September 2020, together with a second case in a patient’s relative, suspected but not confirmed by laboratory tests. Clinical presentation consisted on general weakness, bilateral cranial palsy, mydriasis, and rapidly progressive tetraparesis in case 1, involving respiratory and swallowing function so she required hospitalization and support treatment. Non specific and transient symptoms occurred in case 2. SARS-CoV-2 infection was initially suspected in both cases due to pandemic situation in our country, ruled out by negative PCR. When B neurotoxin was detected in stool sample of patient 1 we confirmed the diagnosis of food-borne botulism probably linked to home-made conserved beans. Conclusion. Early clinical suspicion, together with laboratory and electromyography findings, and support treatment provided at hospital were crucial for favourable outcome. Being aware of this rare syndrom might contribute to its better management.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Botulism , Botulinum , Mydriasis , Quadriplegia , Neurology
2.
Rev Neurol ; 75(3): 71-74, 2022 08 01.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35879883

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Botulism is a potentially fatal neuroparalytic syndrome caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. The 25% are food-borne botulism cases. CASE REPORT: We describe a confirmed case of botulism attended in our hospital in September 2020, together with a second case in a patient's relative, suspected but not confirmed by laboratory tests. Clinical presentation consisted on general weakness, bilateral cranial palsy, mydriasis, and rapidly progressive tetraparesis in case 1, involving respiratory and swallowing function so she required hospitalization and support treatment. Non specific and transient symptoms occurred in case 2. SARS-CoV-2 infection was initially suspected in both cases due to pandemic situation in our country, ruled out by negative PCR. When B neurotoxin was detected in stool sample of patient 1 we confirmed the diagnosis of food-borne botulism probably linked to home-made conserved beans. CONCLUSION: Early clinical suspicion, together with laboratory and electromyography findings, and support treatment provided at hospital were crucial for favourable outcome. Being aware of this rare syndrom might contribute to its better management.


TITLE: Botulismo alimentario durante la pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2. Descripción de un caso y de un posible brote familiar en Barcelona.Introducción. El botulismo es un síndrome neuroparalítico hoy en día infrecuente, potencialmente fatal, causado por neurotoxinas de Clostridium botulinum. El origen es alimentario en el 25% de los casos. Caso clínico. Describimos el caso confirmado de botulismo alimentario en una paciente atendida en nuestro hospital en septiembre de 2020 y la sospecha de un segundo caso en un familiar de la paciente, no confirmado éste por las pruebas de laboratorio. La instauración en pocos días de una afectación bilateral de pares craneales, incluyendo disfagia, disnea y disartria, junto con midriasis y tetraparesia graves, precedida de diarrea, constituyó la presentación clínica en el primer caso; mientras que en su familiar cursó con síntomas inespecíficos y transitorios. Constatamos disautonomía consistente en hipotensión arterial en ambos casos. Teniendo en cuenta la situación pandémica en aquel momento, se descartó repetidamente la infección por SARS-CoV-2 antes de plantear alternativas diagnósticas. La neurotoxina B de C. botulinum fue detectada en las heces de la paciente, confirmando el diagnóstico de botulismo, que relacionamos con la ingesta de una conserva casera de alubias. Se completó el diagnóstico diferencial del cuadro descartando otras posibles etiologías. Conclusión. La sospecha clínica temprana, confirmada con los hallazgos de laboratorio y neurofisiológicos y que llevaron al manejo específico de la paciente, fueron cruciales para la evolución favorable. No fue necesario aplicar medidas de salud pública, a excepción de la notificación a sus allegados de la contaminación detectada. Conocer la existencia de esta patología puede contribuir a su pronóstico.


Subject(s)
Botulism , COVID-19 , Clostridium botulinum , Botulism/diagnosis , Botulism/epidemiology , Botulism/etiology , Disease Outbreaks , Female , Humans , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Rev Neurol ; 68(1): 18-22, 2019 Jan 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30560985

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Encephalitis due to anti-NMDA receptor antibodies is an acute and severe condition, which, if identified and treated quickly, can entail recovery without any sequelae. It is more prevalent in young females and is often associated with an underlying tumour. The initial symptoms are usually of a psychiatric nature, and in a matter of days or weeks take on a characteristic neurological profile. CASE REPORTS: We report the cases of three women, 17, 23 and 35 years of age, who were admitted to Psychiatry with acute psychotic clinical features. The poor response to antipsychotics, the fluctuations in the level of consciousness, dysautonomia and epileptic seizures were the symptoms that led to the clinical suspicion. The cerebrospinal fluid revealed slight pleocytosis and gave positive for anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in all cases. Only one patient displayed alterations in the magnetic resonance brain scan, and in two cases there was an extreme delta brush electroencephalographic pattern. All three women were diagnosed with an ovarian teratoma which was resectioned within a month. Two of the patients recovered without any sequelae, and the third presents cognitive sequelae six months after being discharged. CONCLUSIONS: The cases described began with an acute psychotic clinical picture. The atypical psychiatric progression and the neurological symptoms indicated the possible presence of encephalitis. Recognition of the disease and coordination among the different services is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. The systematic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with a first acute-subacute psychotic episode would help to reach a diagnosis sooner. In young women, a search must always be carried out for an ovarian teratoma or other associated tumour.


TITLE: Encefalitis antirreceptor de NMDA. Diagnostico y tratamiento precoz en pacientes con sintomatologia psicotica aguda-subaguda.Introduccion. La encefalitis por anticuerpos antirreceptor de NMDA es una entidad aguda y grave, cuya rapida identificacion y tratamiento puede comportar recuperaciones sin secuelas. Es mas prevalente en mujeres jovenes y a menudo esta asociada a un tumor subyacente. Los sintomas iniciales son habitualmente psiquiatricos y en dias o semanas adquieren el perfil neurologico caracteristico. Casos clinicos. Tres mujeres, de 17, 23 y 35 años, que ingresaron en el Servicio de Psiquiatria con clinica psicotica aguda. La mala respuesta a los antipsicoticos, las fluctuaciones del nivel de conciencia, la disautonomia y las crisis epilepticas fueron los sintomas que despertaron la sospecha clinica. El liquido cefalorraquideo mostro leve pleocitosis y positividad para los anticuerpos antirreceptor de NMDA en todas las pacientes. Solo una mostro alteraciones en la resonancia magnetica cerebral, y dos, el patron electroencefalografico extreme delta brush. En todas se diagnostico un teratoma ovarico, que fue resecado antes del mes. Dos se recuperaron sin secuelas y la tercera, a los seis meses del alta, presenta secuelas cognitivas. Conclusiones. Los casos descritos comenzaron con clinica psicotica aguda. La evolucion psiquiatrica atipica y la clinica neurologica alertaron de la posibilidad de una encefalitis. El reconocimiento de la enfermedad y la coordinacion entre servicios es fundamental para un diagnostico y tratamiento precoz. El analisis sistematico de liquido cefalorraquideo en pacientes con un primer episodio psicotico agudo-subagudo contribuiria a adelantar el diagnostico. En mujeres jovenes hay que buscar siempre un teratoma ovarico u otro tumor asociado.


Subject(s)
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/diagnostic imaging , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/drug therapy , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/complications , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Young Adult
4.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 30(6): 325-330, jul.-ago. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-138896

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los pacientes que presentan un ataque isquémico transitorio (AIT) tienen un alto riesgo de tener un ictus a corto plazo. Una atención urgente puede reducir dicho riesgo. El objetivo es describir y comprobar la eficacia de un protocolo de atención rápida a estos pacientes en un hospital sin guardias de neurología. Métodos: En febrero del 2007 se puso en marcha en nuestro hospital un protocolo de evaluación rápida del AIT, con el objetivo de priorizar la atención urgente y disminuir ingresos hospitalarios sin aumentar riesgo de recurrencias. Se analizan los resultados tras los primeros 5 años, incidiendo especialmente en los tiempos de valoración neurológica y neurovascular, motivos de ingreso y tasa de recurrencia a los 90 días. Resultados: Han sido evaluados 411 pacientes, de los cuales 282 (68,6%) fueron finalmente AIT. Entre los otros diagnósticos, los más frecuentes han sido el episodio vasovagal (5,6%) y el cuadro confusional (4,6%). La demora entre la llegada a Urgencias y la valoración del neurólogo fue < 24 h en el 82% de casos y < 48 h en el 93,9%. Tras la valoración neurológica, se decidió el ingreso en el 28,7% de pacientes (causas más frecuentes: hallazgos en el Doppler y AIT de repetición). A los 3 meses, 10 pacientes (3,55%) presentaron un ictus, 7 de ellos (70%) en la primera semana desde el episodio. Conclusiones: En un hospital sin guardias de neurología, es posible una evaluación rápida de los pacientes con AIT, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de las guías, evitando la mayoría de ingresos y con un bajo índice de recurrencias


Background: Risk of stroke soon after a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is high. Urgent care can reduce this risk. Our aim is to describe and evaluate the efficacy of rapid assessment of TIA patients in a hospital without a neurologist available 24 hours a day. Methods: In February 2007, we set up a protocol of rapid management of patients with symptoms consistent with acute TIA, with the aim of prioritising urgent care and reducing hospital admissions, without increasing risk of recurrences. We analyse our results since the protocol was implemented with particular focus on the analysis of delay in neurological and neurovascular assessment, percentage and reasons for hospitalisation, and stroke recurrence rates after 3 months. Results: Four hundred and eleven patients were studied, with a final diagnosis of TIA in 282 (68.6%). Among other diagnoses, the most frequent were a vasovagal reaction (5.6%) and confusional syndrome (4.6%). Delay between emergency arrival and neurovascular assessment was < 24 h in 82% of the cases, and <48 h in 93%. After neurological evaluation, 28.7% of the patients were immediately admitted to hospital (most common causes: severe stenosis of a large artery and crescendo TIA). The incidence of ischaemic stroke in TIA patients was 3.55% after 3 months and 70% of them suffered the recurrence within the first week after the initial TIA. Conclusions: In a hospital without a neurologist available 24 hours a day, early assessment and management of TIA patients can be carried out in accordance with the guidelines, and may avoid hospitalisation in most cases without increasing recurrence rates


Subject(s)
Humans , Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology , Emergency Treatment/methods , Treatment Outcome , Recurrence , Clinical Protocols
5.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 30(5): 283-289, jun. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-139067

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Un registro prospectivo de ictus permite mejorar el conocimiento de la historia natural de la enfermedad. Presentamos los datos del Registro del Hospital de Mataró. Métodos: En febrero de 2002 se inició en nuestro hospital el registro prospectivo de pacientes ingresados con un ictus agudo. Se recogen variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes, clínicas, topográficas, etiológicas y pronósticas. Analizamos los resultados obtenidos después de los primeros 10 años de registro. Resultados: Se han registrado 2.165 pacientes, el 54,1% varones, con una edad media de 73 años. El factor de riesgo más frecuente es la hipertensión (65,4%). Mediana de la NIHSS al ingreso: 3 (rango intercuartílico, 1-8). Un 79,7% han sido infartos cerebrales, un 10,9% hemorragias y un 9,4% AIT. De los isquémicos, la etiología ha sido cardioembólica en el 26,5%, aterotrombótica en el 23,7% y lacunar en el 22,9%. La localización más frecuente de las hemorragias ha sido lobar (47,4%), y se han atribuido a hipertensión el 54,8%. La mediana de la estancia hospitalaria ha sido de 8 días. Al alta, un 60,7% pudieron volver directamente al domicilio y un 52,7% eran independientes para las actividades de la vida diaria. A los 3 meses, las cifras fueron 76,9 y 62,9% respectivamente. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria ha sido del 6,5% y a los 3 meses del 10,9%. Conclusiones: El perfil de los pacientes en nuestra área no difiere de las otras series, aunque la severidad de los ictus ha sido discretamente menor. Constatamos unas cifras óptimas de estancia hospitalaria y de discapacidad y mortalidad tanto a corto como a medio plazo


Introduction: A prospective stroke registry leads to improved knowledge of the disease. We present data on the Mataró Hospital Registry. Methods: In February-2002 a prospective stroke registry was initiated in our hospital. It includes sociodemographic data, previous diseases, clinical, topographic, etiological and prognostic data. We have analyzed the results of the first 10 years. Results: A total of 2,165 patients have been included, 54.1% male, mean age 73 years. The most frequent vascular risk factor was hypertension (65.4%). Median NIHSS on admission: 3 (interquartile range, 1-8). Stroke subtype: 79.7% ischemic strokes, 10.9% hemorrhagic, and 9.4% TIA. Among ischemic strokes, the etiology was cardioembolic in 26.5%, large-vessel disease in 23.7%, and small-vessel in 22.9%. The most frequent topography of hemorrhages was lobar (47.4%), and 54.8% were attributed to hypertension. The median hospital stay was 8 days. At discharge, 60.7% of patients were able to return directly to their own home, and 52.7% were independent for their daily life activities. After 3 months these percentages were 76.9% and 62.9%, respectively. Hospital mortality was 6.5%, and after 3 months 10.9%. Conclusions: Our patient's profile is similar to those of other series, although the severity of strokes was slightly lower. Length of hospital stay, short-term and medium term disability, and mortality rates are good, if we compare them with other serie


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Stroke/cerebrospinal fluid , Stroke/congenital , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/metabolism , Neurology/education , Neurology/ethics , Spain/epidemiology , Stroke/complications , Stroke/pathology , Hypertension/mortality , Hypertension/pathology , Neurology , Neurology/methods , Spain/ethnology
6.
Neurologia ; 30(5): 283-9, 2015 Jun.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24953407

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A prospective stroke registry leads to improved knowledge of the disease. We present data on the Mataró Hospital Registry. METHODS: In February-2002 a prospective stroke registry was initiated in our hospital. It includes sociodemographic data, previous diseases, clinical, topographic, etiological and prognostic data. We have analyzed the results of the first 10 years. RESULTS: A total of 2,165 patients have been included, 54.1% male, mean age 73 years. The most frequent vascular risk factor was hypertension (65.4%). Median NIHSS on admission: 3 (interquartile range, 1-8). Stroke subtype: 79.7% ischemic strokes, 10.9% hemorrhagic, and 9.4% TIA. Among ischemic strokes, the etiology was cardioembolic in 26.5%, large-vessel disease in 23.7%, and small-vessel in 22.9%. The most frequent topography of hemorrhages was lobar (47.4%), and 54.8% were attributed to hypertension. The median hospital stay was 8 days. At discharge, 60.7% of patients were able to return directly to their own home, and 52.7% were independent for their daily life activities. After 3 months these percentages were 76.9% and 62.9%, respectively. Hospital mortality was 6.5%, and after 3 months 10.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Our patient's profile is similar to those of other series, although the severity of strokes was slightly lower. Length of hospital stay, short-term and medium term disability, and mortality rates are good, if we compare them with other series.


Subject(s)
Hospitals, Community , Registries , Stroke/epidemiology , Aged , Female , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Length of Stay , Male , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Spain , Stroke/classification , Stroke/etiology
7.
Neurologia ; 30(6): 325-30, 2015.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24953410

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Risk of stroke soon after a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is high. Urgent care can reduce this risk. Our aim is to describe and evaluate the efficacy of rapid assessment of TIA patients in a hospital without a neurologist available 24 hours a day. METHODS: In February 2007, we set up a protocol of rapid management of patients with symptoms consistent with acute TIA, with the aim of prioritising urgent care and reducing hospital admissions, without increasing risk of recurrences. We analyse our results since the protocol was implemented with particular focus on the analysis of delay in neurological and neurovascular assessment, percentage and reasons for hospitalisation, and stroke recurrence rates after 3 months. RESULTS: Four hundred and eleven patients were studied, with a final diagnosis of TIA in 282 (68.6%). Among other diagnoses, the most frequent were a vasovagal reaction (5.6%) and confusional syndrome (4.6%). Delay between emergency arrival and neurovascular assessment was <24h in 82% of the cases, and <48 h in 93%. After neurological evaluation, 28.7% of the patients were immediately admitted to hospital (most common causes: severe stenosis of a large artery and crescendo TIA). The incidence of ischaemic stroke in TIA patients was 3.55% after 3 months and 70% of them suffered the recurrence within the first week after the initial TIA. CONCLUSIONS: In a hospital without a neurologist available 24 hours a day, early assessment and management of TIA patients can be carried out in accordance with the guidelines, and may avoid hospitalisation in most cases without increasing recurrence rates.


Subject(s)
Disease Management , Emergency Service, Hospital , Ischemic Attack, Transient/diagnosis , Neurologic Examination/methods , Aged , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Ischemic Attack, Transient/therapy , Male , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Stroke/prevention & control , Workforce
8.
Rev Neurol ; 35(11): 1081-93, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12497316

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND METHOD: In recent years the need to create scales for measuring the dysfunction or impairment suffered by patients with multiple sclerosis has increased. The aim of the scales that measure neurological impairment is two fold: to homogenise the data from different series so that studies into the prognosis and natural history of the disease can be compared, and to measure the changes in the progress of the disease when a therapy has been established. Over the past few years a large number of scales have appeared that attempt to redress the shortcomings of the EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale). The latest of these, the MSF Composite, manages to overcome the statistical problems of the EDSS and enables significant differences between two groups to be detected when studying the effect of a treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the coming years we will possibly witness a joint use of several of the scales described, and both the EDSS and the Composite will be employed together in the evaluation of patients in therapeutic protocols, perhaps together with a quality of life scale.


Subject(s)
Disability Evaluation , Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Activities of Daily Living , Disease Progression , Humans , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Prognosis , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(11): 1081-1093, 1 dic., 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22345

ABSTRACT

Introducción y desarrollo. Durante los últimos años ha aumentado la necesidad de crear escalas de medición de la disfunción o deterioro que sufren los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple. El objetivo de las escalas que miden el deterioro neurológico es doble: homogeneizar los datos de las diferentes series para que los estudios pronósticos y de historia natural de la enfermedad sean comparables, y medir los cambios en la evolución de la enfermedad cuando se instaura una terapia. Han aparecido en los últimos años un gran número de escalas que intentan solventar los déficit de la EDSS ( Expanded Disability Status Scale). La última de todas, el MSF Composite, consigue evitar los problemas estadísticos de la EDSS y permite encontrar diferencias significativas entre dos grupos al estudiar el efecto de un tratamiento. Conclusiones. Posiblemente en los años venideros asistamos a una utilización conjunta de varias de las escalas que se detallan, y tanto la EDSS como el Composite se empleen de forma conjunta en la valoración de enfermos en protocolos terapéuticos, quizá junto con alguna escala de calidad de vida (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Disability Evaluation , Severity of Illness Index , Disease Progression , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Multiple Sclerosis , Quality of Life , Prognosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Activities of Daily Living
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