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1.
Cell Death Dis ; 14(5): 314, 2023 05 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37160873

ABSTRACT

Melanomas are characterised by accelerated cell proliferation and metabolic reprogramming resulting from the contemporary dysregulation of the MAPK pathway, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we suggest that the oncogenic transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function, controls melanoma tumour growth through a transcriptional programme targeting ERK1/2 activity and glucose, glutamine and cholesterol metabolism. Mechanistically, TFEB binds and negatively regulates the promoter of DUSP-1, which dephosphorylates ERK1/2. In melanoma cells, TFEB silencing correlates with ERK1/2 dephosphorylation at the activation-related p-Thr185 and p-Tyr187 residues. The decreased ERK1/2 activity synergises with TFEB control of CDK4 expression, resulting in cell proliferation blockade. Simultaneously, TFEB rewires metabolism, influencing glycolysis, glucose and glutamine uptake, and cholesterol synthesis. In TFEB-silenced melanoma cells, cholesterol synthesis is impaired, and the uptake of glucose and glutamine is inhibited, leading to a reduction in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, the reduction in TFEB level induces reverses TCA cycle, leading to fatty acid production. A syngeneic BRAFV600E melanoma model recapitulated the in vitro study results, showing that TFEB silencing sustains the reduction in tumour growth, increase in DUSP-1 level and inhibition of ERK1/2 action, suggesting a pivotal role for TFEB in maintaining proliferative melanoma cell behaviour and the operational metabolic pathways necessary for meeting the high energy demands of melanoma cells.


Subject(s)
Glutamine , Melanoma , Humans , Cell Division , Cell Cycle , Melanoma/genetics , Cholesterol , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
2.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 46(1): 14-22, ene. 2022. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204168

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the incidents related to patient safety (IRSP) and their risk factors during in-hospital transfer (IHT) of critical patients after the application of a protocol, and to evaluate safety during transfer using quality indicators.DesignA prospective, observational and non-intervention cohort study was carried out.SettingA 10-bed multipurpose Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a second level university hospital.PatientsAll IHTs of critical patients in the ICU for diagnostic tests and to the operating room between March 2011 and March 2017 were included in the study.Main measurementsDemographic variables, patient severity, transfer priority, moment of the day, reason and type of transfer team. Pre-transport checklist items and IRSP were collected. A biannual analysis was made of quality indicators designed for IHT.ResultsA total of 805 transfers were registered, mostly of an urgent nature (53.7%) and for diagnostic tests (77%). In turn, 112 transfers (13.9%) presented some type of IRSP; 54% related to the equipment and 30% related to team and organization. Adverse events occurred in 19 (2.4%) transfers. Risk factors identified in the multivariate analysis were mechanical ventilation and the transport team. The evolution of the indicators related to transport was significantly favorable.ConclusionsAfter the application of an IHT protocol, IRSP are low. The main risk factor is invasive mechanical ventilation. The experience of the team performing IHT influences the detection of a greater number of incidents (AU)


Objetivo: Analizar los incidentes relacionados con la seguridad del paciente (IRSP) durante los traslados intrahospitalarios (TIH) del paciente crítico tras la aplicación de un protocolo, así como sus factores de riesgo. Evaluar la seguridad durante los traslados mediante indicadores de calidad.DiseñoEstudio de cohorte, prospectivo, observacional y no intervencionista.ÁmbitoUnidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) polivalente de 10 camas de un hospital universitario de segundo nivel.PacientesSe incluyen todos los TIH de pacientes críticos realizados de UCI a pruebas diagnósticas y a quirófano entre marzo de 2011 y marzo de 2017.Principales variables del estudioVariables demográficas, gravedad de los pacientes, prioridad del traslado, momento del día, motivo y tipo de equipo del traslado. Se recogen comprobaciones pre-traslado e IRSP. Análisis semestral de indicadores de calidad diseñados para el TIH.ResultadosDe los 805 traslados registrados, la mayoría urgentes (53,7%) y para pruebas diagnósticas (77%), 112 traslados (13,9%) presentaron algún tipo de IRSP, 54% relacionado con el equipamiento y 30% con el equipo y la organización. En 19 (2,4%) traslados se produjeron eventos adversos. En el análisis multivariante los factores de riesgo fueron la ventilación mecánica y el equipo que realiza el traslado. La evolución de los indicadores relacionados con los traslados es significativamente favorable.ConclusionesTras la aplicación de un protocolo de TIH, los IRSP son bajos y el principal factor de riesgo es la ventilación mecánica invasiva. La experiencia del equipo que realiza el TIH influye en la detección de un mayor número de incidentes (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Intensive Care Units , Patient Transfer/standards , Patient Safety , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies
3.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 46(1): 14-22, 2022 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34802990

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidents related to patient safety (IRSP) and their risk factors during in-hospital transfer (IHT) of critical patients after the application of a protocol, and to evaluate safety during transfer using quality indicators. DESIGN: A prospective, observational and non-intervention cohort study was carried out. SETTING: A 10-bed multipurpose Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a second level university hospital. PATIENTS: All IHTs of critical patients in the ICU for diagnostic tests and to the operating room between March 2011 and March 2017 were included in the study. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Demographic variables, patient severity, transfer priority, moment of the day, reason and type of transfer team. Pre-transport checklist items and IRSP were collected. A biannual analysis was made of quality indicators designed for IHT. RESULTS: A total of 805 transfers were registered, mostly of an urgent nature (53.7%) and for diagnostic tests (77%). In turn, 112 transfers (13.9%) presented some type of IRSP; 54% related to the equipment and 30% related to team and organization. Adverse events occurred in 19 (2.4%) transfers. Risk factors identified in the multivariate analysis were mechanical ventilation and the transport team. The evolution of the indicators related to transport was significantly favorable. CONCLUSIONS: After the application of an IHT protocol, IRSP are low. The main risk factor is invasive mechanical ventilation. The experience of the team performing IHT influences the detection of a greater number of incidents.


Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units , Patient Safety , Cohort Studies , Hospitals , Humans , Prospective Studies
4.
Brain Inj ; 35(5): 530-535, 2021 04 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33734911

ABSTRACT

Aims: to assess occurrence and clinical correlates of neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHO) in patients with prolonged disorder of consciousness (DoC).Design: multi-center cross-sectional observational study.Setting: 23 intensive neurorehabilitation units.Subjects: 287 patients with prolonged disorder of consciousness (DoC; 150 in vegetative state, VS, and 128 in minimally conscious state, MCS) of different etiology (vascular = 125, traumatic = 83, anoxic = 56, others = 14).Main Measures: clinical evidence of NHO confirmed by standard radiological and/or sonographic evaluation; Coma Recovery Scale-Revised; Disability Rating Scale (DRS); Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index; presence of ventilator support, spasticity, bone fractures and paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.Results: 31 patients (11.2%) presented NHO. Univariate analyses showed that NHO was associated with VS diagnosis, traumatic etiology, high DRS category and total score, and high occurrence of limb spasticity and bone fractures. A cluster-corrected binary logistic regression model (excluding spasticity available in a subset of patients) showed that only lower DRS total score and presence of bone fractures were independently associated with NHO.Conclusions: NHO are relatively frequent in patients with DoC, and are independently associated with functional disability, bone fractures and spasticity. These findings contribute to identifying patients with DoC prone to develop NHO and requiring special interventions to improve functional recovery.


Subject(s)
Consciousness , Ossification, Heterotopic , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Ossification, Heterotopic/etiology , Persistent Vegetative State/etiology
5.
Brain Inj ; 35(1): 1-7, 2021 01 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33331792

ABSTRACT

Aim: to assess overall clinical complexity of patients with acquired disorders of consciousness (DoC) in vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) vs. minimally conscious state- MCS) and in different etiologies..Design: Multi-center cross-sectional observational study.Setting: 23 intensive neurorehabilitation units.Subjects: 264 patients with DoC in the post-acute phase: VS/UWS = 141, and MCS = 123 due to vascular (n = 125), traumatic (n = 83) or anoxic (n = 56) brain injury.Main Measures: Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, and Disability Rating Scale (DRS); presence of medical devices (e.g., for eating or breathing); occurrence and severity of medical complications.Results: patients in DoC, and particularly those in VS/UWS, showed severe overall clinical complexity. Anoxic patients had higher overall clinical complexity, lower level of responsiveness/consciousness, higher functional disability, and higher needs of medical devices. Vascular patients had worse premorbid clinical comorbidities. The two etiologies showed a comparable rate of MC, higher than that observed in traumatic etiology.Conclusion: overall clinical complexity is significantly higher in VS/UWS than in MCS, and in non-traumatic vs. traumatic etiology. These findings could explain the worse clinical evolution reported in anoxic and vascular etiologies and in VS/UWS patients and contribute to plan patient-tailored care and rehabilitation programmes.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries , Consciousness , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Persistent Vegetative State/etiology
6.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32682510

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidents related to patient safety (IRSP) and their risk factors during in-hospital transfer (IHT) of critical patients after the application of a protocol, and to evaluate safety during transfer using quality indicators. DESIGN: A prospective, observational and non-intervention cohort study was carried out. SETTING: A 10-bed multipurpose Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a second level university hospital. PATIENTS: All IHTs of critical patients in the ICU for diagnostic tests and to the operating room between March 2011 and March 2017 were included in the study. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Demographic variables, patient severity, transfer priority, moment of the day, reason and type of transfer team. Pre-transport checklist items and IRSP were collected. A biannual analysis was made of quality indicators designed for IHT. RESULTS: A total of 805 transfers were registered, mostly of an urgent nature (53.7%) and for diagnostic tests (77%). In turn, 112 transfers (13.9%) presented some type of IRSP; 54% related to the equipment and 30% related to team and organization. Adverse events occurred in 19 (2.4%) transfers. Risk factors identified in the multivariate analysis were mechanical ventilation and the transport team. The evolution of the indicators related to transport was significantly favorable. CONCLUSIONS: After the application of an IHT protocol, IRSP are low. The main risk factor is invasive mechanical ventilation. The experience of the team performing IHT influences the detection of a greater number of incidents.

7.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 20(12): 1681-1688, 2016 12 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28000588

ABSTRACT

SETTING: Mexico City, Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To identify proteins synthetised by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in hypoxic culture, which resemble more closely a granuloma environment than aerobic culture, and to determine if they are recognised by antibodies from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). DESIGN: Soluble extracts from M. tuberculosis H37Rv cultured under aerobic or hypoxic conditions were analysed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and proteins over-expressed under hypoxia were identified by mass spectrometry. The presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgM antibodies against these proteins was determined in the serum of 42 patients with active PTB and 42 healthy controls. RESULTS: We selected three M. tuberculosis H37Rv proteins (alpha-crystallin protein [Acr, Rv2031c], universal stress protein Rv2623 and isocitrate lyase [ICL, RV0467]) that were over-expressed under hypoxia. Titres of anti-Acr and anti-ICL IgA antibodies were higher in patients than in healthy controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71 for anti-ICL IgA antibodies. CONCLUSION: ICL could be used in combination with other M. tuberculosis antigens to improve the sensitivity and specificity of current serological TB diagnostic methods.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Isocitrate Lyase/immunology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , alpha-Crystallins/immunology , Adult , Aged , Antigens, Bacterial/blood , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/blood , Young Adult
8.
Oncogene ; 35(16): 2020-30, 2016 Apr 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26189795

ABSTRACT

Current treatment regimens for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common pediatric soft tissue cancer, rely on conventional chemotherapy, and although they show clinical benefit, there is a significant risk of adverse side effects and secondary tumors later in life. Therefore, identifying and targeting sub-populations with higher tumorigenic potential and self-renewing capacity would offer improved patient management strategies. Hedgehog signaling has been linked to the development of embryonal RMS (ERMS) through mouse genetics and rare human syndromes. However, activating mutations in this pathway in sporadic RMS are rare and therefore the contribution of hedgehog signaling to oncogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show by genetic loss- and gain-of-function experiments and the use of clinically relevant small molecule modulators that hedgehog signaling is important for controlling self-renewal of a subpopulation of RMS cells in vitro and tumor initiation in vivo. In addition, hedgehog activity altered chemoresistance, motility and differentiation status. The core stem cell gene NANOG was determined to be important for ERMS self-renewal, possibly acting downstream of hedgehog signaling. Crucially, evaluating the presence of a subpopulation of tumor-propagating cells in patient biopsies identified by GLI1 and NANOG expression had prognostic significance. Hence, this work identifies novel functional aspects of hedgehog signaling in ERMS, redefines the rationale for its targeting as means to control ERMS self-renewal and underscores the importance of studying functional tumor heterogeneity in pediatric cancers.


Subject(s)
Carcinogenesis , Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism , Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/pathology , Signal Transduction , Humans , Prognosis , Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/metabolism , Tumor Cells, Cultured
9.
J Nutr Biochem ; 26(2): 112-9, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25459887

ABSTRACT

Circadian rhythm plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis, and its disruption increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Circadian rhythm is maintained by a central clock in the hypothalamus that is entrained by light, but circadian clocks are also present in peripheral tissues. These peripheral clocks are trained by other cues, such as diet. The aim of this study was to determine whether proanthocyanidins, the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet, modulate the expression of clock and clock-controlled genes in the liver, gut and mesenteric white adipose tissue (mWAT) in healthy and obese rats. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPEs) were administered for 21 days at 5, 25 or 50 mg GSPE/kg body weight in healthy rats and 25 mg GSPE/kg body weight in rats with diet-induced obesity. In healthy animals, GSPE administration led to the overexpression of core clock genes in a positive dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the acetylated BMAL1 protein ratio increased with the same pattern in the liver and mWAT. With regards to clock-controlled genes, Per2 was also overexpressed, whereas Rev-erbα and RORα were repressed in a negative dose-dependent manner. Diet-induced obesity always resulted in the overexpression of some core clock and clock-related genes, although the particular gene affected was tissue specific. GSPE administration counteracted disturbances in the clock genes in the liver and gut but was less effective in normalizing the clock gene disruption in WAT. In conclusion, proanthocyanidins have the capacity to modulate peripheral molecular clocks in both healthy and obese states.


Subject(s)
Chronobiology Disorders/prevention & control , Dietary Supplements , Gene Expression Regulation , Grape Seed Extract/therapeutic use , Obesity/diet therapy , Period Circadian Proteins/metabolism , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/prevention & control , Proanthocyanidins/therapeutic use , ARNTL Transcription Factors/agonists , ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics , ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism , Animals , Chronobiology Disorders/etiology , Duodenum/metabolism , Grape Seed Extract/administration & dosage , Hyperlipidemias/etiology , Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control , Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Male , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/genetics , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/metabolism , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/physiopathology , Organ Specificity , Period Circadian Proteins/agonists , Period Circadian Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Period Circadian Proteins/genetics , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Proanthocyanidins/administration & dosage , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar
10.
Cell Death Dis ; 5: e1185, 2014 Apr 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24743740

ABSTRACT

Met, the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), mainly activates prosurvival pathways, including protection from apoptosis. In this work, we investigated the cardioprotective mechanisms of Met activation by agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a chemical mimetic of hypoxia, was used to induce cardiac damage in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, which resulted in reduction of cell viability by (i) caspase-dependent apoptosis and (ii) - surprisingly - autophagy. Blocking either apoptosis with the caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-VAD-fluoromethylketone or autophagosome formation with 3-methyladenine prevented loss of cell viability, which suggests that both processes contribute to cardiomyoblast injury. Concomitant treatment with Met-activating antibodies or HGF prevented apoptosis and autophagy. Pro-autophagic Redd1, Bnip3 and phospho-AMPK proteins, which are known to promote autophagy through inactivation of the mTOR pathway, were induced by CoCl2. Mechanistically, Met agonist antibodies or HGF prevented the inhibition of mTOR and reduced the flux of autophagosome formation. Accordingly, their anti-autophagic function was completely blunted by Temsirolimus, a specific mTOR inhibitor. Targeted Met activation was successful also in the setting of low oxygen conditions, in which Met agonist antibodies or HGF demonstrated anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects. Activation of the Met pathway is thus a promising novel therapeutic tool for ischaemic injury.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Autophagy/drug effects , Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology , Cytoprotection/drug effects , Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/agonists , Animals , Cell Line , Cobalt , Hepatocyte Growth Factor/pharmacology , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Phosphorylation/drug effects , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism , Rats , Signal Transduction/drug effects , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
11.
Med Eng Phys ; 34(7): 914-9, 2012 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22100056

ABSTRACT

Most work done on bone simulation has modeled the tissue as inhomogeneous and isotropic even though it is a recognized anisotropic material. Some recent investigations have included orthotropic behavior in bone finite elements (FE) models; however the problem regarding the orientation of these properties along the irregular bone anatomy remains. In this work, a procedure to orientate orthotropic properties in a proximal femur FE model using the directions of the principal stresses produced by a physiological load scheme was developed. Two heterogeneous material models, one isotropic and one orthotropic, were employed to test their influence on the mechanical behavior of the bone model. In the developed orthotropic material, the mechanical properties are aligned with the highest principal stress produced from the successive application of a multi load scenario corresponding to 10%, 30% and 45% of the gait cycle. A solid match between anatomical structures in the proximal femur and the corresponding directions of the main principal stress of the elements of the model suggests that the developed methodology works accurately. The differences found in the stress distributions were small (maximum 7.6%); nevertheless the changes in the strain distributions were important (maximum 27%) and located in areas of clinical relevance.


Subject(s)
Femur , Finite Element Analysis , Rotation , Stress, Mechanical , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Femur/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
12.
Placenta ; 32(7): 531-4, 2011 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21536327

ABSTRACT

Although pharmaco/toxicological studies have always been conducted in pharmacologically relevant species in which the test material is pharmacologically active, the very specificity of many biopharmaceuticals could present challenges in the identification of a relevant species for pharmaco/toxicological studies. Alternative approaches may improve the predictive value of preclinical assessments of species-specific biopharmaceuticals. This could lead to improved decision-making, reduce the number of experimental animals by eliminating non-relevant studies, and decrease the time and cost involved in the drug development process. As an alternative to utilizing traditional animal models, this study investigated the activity of human EGF and the anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibodies nimotuzumab and cetuximab using the placenta microsomal fraction of different experimental animals. Ligand-receptor binding curves were obtained from the different experimental animal models, and binding constants were calculated based on the Scatchard plots. The constants for human and monkey EGF receptor expressed on the placental extract showed a K(a)<10(-8)M, while rabbits, mice and rats showed a K(a)>10(-8)M. The K(a) values obtained from animal placentas show that Macaca fascicularis and Cercopitecus aethiops monkeys are relevant species for studying the pharmaco/toxicological properties of nimotuzumab and cetuximab.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Cetuximab , Chlorocebus aethiops , Female , Humans , Macaca fascicularis , Mice , Microsomes/metabolism , Models, Animal , Placenta/metabolism , Placenta/ultrastructure , Pregnancy , Rabbits , Rats , Species Specificity
13.
J Trauma ; 69(5): 1282-7, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20134352

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign was launched in 2002, aiming at a 25% reduction in mortality in sepsis during a 5-year period. We hypothesized that the compliance with an adapted sepsis bundle would improve intensive care unit (ICU) survival in a cohort of surgical septic shock patients. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was performed in surgical ICUs from two University hospitals. Seven quality indicators were considered to study the compliance with the sepsis bundle in 182 patients: (1) administration of antibiotics within 6 hours from diagnosis of septic shock, (2) initial effective antibiotic treatment, (3) adequate resuscitation within 6 hours after the diagnosis of septic shock, (4) administration of steroids, (5) use of activated protein C, (6) glucose control, and (7) protective ventilation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to make a predictive model to study the probability of survival according to the number of therapeutic guidelines fulfilled and to adjust for other predictive factors. RESULTS: Compliance with individual guidelines was considered adequate in more than 60% of the cases, except in the case of glucose control. For all quality indicators, ICU survival was higher in the bundle-compliant patients. Survival (61%) was associated with the fulfilment of increasing number of therapeutic guidelines (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.1; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In surgical septic shock patients, the outcome was significantly related to the number of fulfilled therapeutic guidelines included in a sepsis bundle.


Subject(s)
Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/standards , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Resuscitation/mortality , Shock, Septic/therapy , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hospital Mortality/trends , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Shock, Septic/diagnosis , Shock, Septic/mortality , Spain/epidemiology
14.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 28(5): 455-60, 2009 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18982366

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium bovis can be an important etiological agent for extrapulmonary (EP) manifestations of tuberculosis, especially in HIV-infected persons. From January 2000 to December 2003, M. bovis as a cause of EP tuberculosis was investigated at the Pneumonology Service, Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico City. Eighty HIV-positive (HIV+) patients and 83 HIV-negative (HIV-) with EP involvement (ganglionar, genitourinary, meningeal, cutaneous, peritoneal, and pericardial) were analyzed using clinical, immunological, bacteriological, histopathological, and molecular biology methods. Mycobacterium species were identified by hsp65-RFLP analysis and species of M. tuberculosis complex isolates by spoligotyping. M. bovis was present in 6 HIV- cases (7.2%; 3 with lymphadenitis and 3 genitourinary) vs 11 in HIV+ cases (13.75%; 7 with lymphadenitis, 3 genitourinary, and 1 meningeal). Favorable response to retroviral and specific M. bovis chemotherapy was observed. Spoligotyping showed a unique profile in each isolate, 16 belonging to BOV1 lineage and 1 to BOV2 lineage. M. bovis is an significant re-emerging cause of EPTB in Mexico. Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products is the most likely source of transmission. Successful treatment depends on the adequate and opportune identification of the agent responsible.


Subject(s)
Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/microbiology , Adult , Aged , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Chaperonin 60 , Chaperonins/genetics , Cluster Analysis , DNA Fingerprinting/methods , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Female , Genotype , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium bovis/classification , Mycobacterium bovis/genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
15.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 55(6): 348-54, 2008.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18693660

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The plotting of pressure-volume curves and the performance of alveolar recruitment maneuvers are common practices in the care of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), even though potentially harmful hemodynamic effects are associated with sustaining a high intrathoracic pressure. Our aim was to analyze hemodynamic and ventilatory changes related to these 2 maneuvers and to assess the short-term effectiveness of recruitment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients had ARDS and were being monitored with a catheter connected to a PiCCO system. All measurements were taken in sinus rhythm and with adequate vascular filling. Values recorded during plotting of the quasistatic pressure-volume curve and the recruitment maneuver (sustained airway pressure of 40 cm H2O) were the cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, systolic volume index, and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Blood gas measurements were recorded before the maneuvers and 15 minutes afterwards. RESULTS: All parameters decreased significantly in the 14 patients studied. The mean (SD) maximum decreases, from which all patients recovered within 2 minutes, were as follows: cardiac index, 26% (16%); mean arterial pressure, 6% (6%); heart rate, 4% (5%), systolic volume index, 21% (15%); and SpO2, 3% (3%). Significant increases in PaO2 (7% [6%]) and the ratio of PaO2 to the fraction of inspired oxygen were recorded after the recruitment maneuver (P=.016 and P=.014, respectively), but the changes were not clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The hemodynamic disturbances associated with the alveolar recruitment maneuver based on sustaining a high end-expiratory pressure and the minor improvement in oxygenation achieved as a result suggest that the routine use of that maneuver in ARDS patients is of questionable value.


Subject(s)
Hemodynamics , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/physiopathology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Physical Therapy Modalities
16.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 55(6): 348-354, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-59154

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: La realización de curvas presión-volumen(P-V) y maniobras de reclutamiento (MR) en pacientescon SDRA es una práctica extendida, si bien el mantenimientode una presión intratorácica elevada se asocia aefectos hemodinámicos potencialmente deletéreos. Nuestroobjetivo fue evaluar las alteraciones hemodinámicas y respiratoriasasociadas a la realización de ambas maniobrasy la eficacia a corto plazo de la MR.PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Pacientes con criterios de SDRAmonitorizados con un catéter PiCCOTM, en ritmo sinusal yadecuado relleno vascular. Se registraron los valores delíndice cardiaco (IC), presión arterial media (PAM), frecuenciacardiaca (FC), índice de volumen sistólico (IVS) ySpO2 durante la realización de la curva P-V (método quasi-estático) y MR (presión de 40 cmH2O mantenida). Seobtuvieron gasometrías previa a las técnicas y a los 15minutos de su finalización.RESULTADOS: En los 14 pacientes incluidos todos losparámetros estudiados disminuyeron significativamente.La máxima disminución del IC (26 ± 16%), PAM (6 ±6%), FC (4 ± 5%), IVS (21 ± 15%) y SpO2 (3 ± 3%) tuvolugar durante la MR, y se recuperó en menos de 2 minutosen todos los casos. El incremento de la PaO2 (7 ± 6%)y la PaO2/FiO2 (9 ± 8%) tras la MR fue significativo(p = 0,016 y 0,014 respectivamente), pero de escasa relevanciaclínica.CONCLUSIONES: Las alteraciones hemodinámicas asociadasy la escasa eficacia de una maniobra de reclutamientobasada en el mantenimiento de una presión teleinspiratoriaelevada hacen cuestionable su uso rutinario en pacientescon SDRA (AU)


OBJECTIVES: The plotting of pressure-volume curvesand the performance of alveolar recruitment maneuversare common practices in the care of patients with adultrespiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), even thoughpotentially harmful hemodynamic effects are associatedwith sustaining a high intrathoracic pressure. Our aimwas to analyze hemodynamic and ventilatory changesrelated to these 2 maneuvers and to assess the short-termeffectiveness of recruitment.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients had ARDS andwere being monitored with a catheter connected to aPiCCO system. All measurements were taken in sinusrhythm and with adequate vascular filling. Values recordedduring plotting of the quasistatic pressure-volume curveand the recruitment maneuver (sustained airway pressureof 40 cm H2O) were the cardiac index, mean arterialpressure, heart rate, systolic volume index, and oxygensaturation (SpO2). Blood gas measurements were recordedbefore the maneuvers and 15 minutes afterwards.RESULTS: All parameters decreased significantly in the14 patients studied. The mean (SD) maximum decreases,from which all patients recovered within 2 minutes, wereas follows: cardiac index, 26% (16%); mean arterialpressure, 6% (6%); heart rate, 4% (5%), systolic volumeindex, 21% (15%); and SpO2, 3% (3%). Significantincreases in PaO2 (7% [6%]) and the ratio of PaO2 to thefraction of inspired oxygen were recorded after therecruitment maneuver (P=.016 and P=.014, respectively),but the changes were not clinically significant.CONCLUSIONS: The hemodynamic disturbancesassociated with the alveolar recruitment maneuver basedon sustaining a high end-expiratory pressure and theminor improvement in oxygenation achieved as a resultsuggest that the routine use of that maneuver in ARDSpatients is of questionable value (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Function Tests , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/physiopathology , Hemodynamics/physiology , Respiration, Artificial
17.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr ; 63(3): 93-7, 2008 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18498054

ABSTRACT

The scavenging activity against DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical and the antifungal effect against chloroform, ethyl acetate and 50% methanolic extracts of Verbena officinalis leaves were investigated. The activity of different fractions of 50% methanolic extract and some isolated compounds were also investigated. The results suggest that 50% methanolic extract and caffeoyl derivatives could potentially be considered as excellent and readily available sources of natural antifungal and antioxidant compounds.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Food Preservation/methods , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Verbena/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/metabolism , Antioxidants/metabolism , Biphenyl Compounds , Food Microbiology , Free Radical Scavengers/analysis , Fungi/drug effects , Hydrazines , Picrates , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Plant Leaves/chemistry
18.
Genesis ; 32(1): 19-26, 2002 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11835670

ABSTRACT

By applying the mammalian codon usage to Cre recombinase, we improved Cre expression, as determined by immunoblot and functional analysis, in three different mammalian cell lines. The improved Cre (iCre) gene was also designed to reduce the high CpG content of the prokaryotic coding sequence, thereby reducing the chances of epigenetic silencing in mammals. Transgenic iCre expressing mice were obtained with good frequency, and in these mice loxP-mediated DNA recombination was observed in all cells expressing iCre. Moreover, iCre fused to two estrogen receptor hormone binding domains for temporal control of Cre activity could also be expressed in transgenic mice. However, Cre induction after administration of tamoxifen yielded only low Cre activity. Thus, whereas efficient activation of Cre fusion proteins in the brain needs further improvements, our studies indicate that iCre should facilitate genetic experiments in the mouse.


Subject(s)
Cloning, Molecular/methods , Codon , Integrases/genetics , Viral Proteins/genetics , Animals , Base Sequence , Genetic Code , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Molecular Sequence Data , Stem Cells
20.
Genesis ; 31(1): 37-42, 2001 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11668676

ABSTRACT

We describe the generation of transgenic mouse lines expressing the Cre recombinase enzyme in brain under control of the CamKIIalpha gene present in a BAC expression vector. The CamKIIalpha BAC transgene gave a faithful expression pattern resembling the pattern of the endogenous CamKIIalpha gene. Specifically, high levels of CamKIIalpha Cre were detected in hippocampus, cortex, and amygdala, and lower levels were detected in striatum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. As expected, no expression was detected in the cerebellum or outside of the brain. The expression level of the BAC CamKIIalpha driven Cre was shown to be copy number dependent. To test the activity of the Cre recombinase, the transgenic mice were crossed with mice harbouring the CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) allele with the 10th exon flanked by two loxP sites, and recombination was monitored by the disappearance of the CREB protein. Finally, evaluation of the developmental postnatal expression of the CamKIIalpha Cre BAC revealed the expression of the Cre recombinase as early as P3.


Subject(s)
Brain/enzymology , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics , Gene Silencing , Integrases/genetics , Viral Proteins/genetics , Animals , Baculoviridae/genetics , Brain/growth & development , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism , Crosses, Genetic , Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics , Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism , DNA Primers/chemistry , Genetic Vectors , Immunoenzyme Techniques , In Situ Hybridization , Integrases/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Transgenic , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Viral Proteins/metabolism
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