ABSTRACT
Cellulosimicrobium cellulans represents a rare human pathogen. Infections have been reported in immunocompromised hosts or in patients with an underlying disease. The authors describe a rare case of early-onset neonatal sepsis due to Cellulosimicrobium cellulans in an infant without any underlying disease. The infant was successfully treated with vancomycin.
Subject(s)
Actinomycetales Infections/microbiology , Actinomycetales/isolation & purification , Bacteremia/microbiology , Actinomycetales/drug effects , Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Vancomycin/pharmacology , Vancomycin/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Shock, Septic , Streptococcal Infections , Streptococcus pyogenes , Aged, 80 and over , Community-Acquired Infections , Female , Humans , Shock, Septic/diagnosis , Shock, Septic/mortality , Shock, Septic/therapy , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/mortality , Streptococcal Infections/therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Interest in the study of body composition in childhood is increasing. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an accurate and reliable method. OBJECTIVES: To determine anthropometric parameters, fat-free body mass and fat body mass using BIA and anthropometry, and to establish their relationship. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 365 healthy children (188 boys, 177 girls) aged 6.0 to 14.9 years were studied. Weight, height, arm circumference, skinfolds (bicipital, tricipital, subscapular and suprailiac) and bioelectrical parameters were measured. Body density was calculated from the four skinfold measurements using Brook's formula. Bioelectrical impedance was measured with a BIA-101 S (RJL Systems) using a fixed frequency (50 kHz). Fat-free body mass from BIA was calculated using Deurenberg's equation (FFM = 0.82 x height2/resistance). RESULTS: We present the mean, standard deviation and 3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th and 97th percentiles of anthropometric variables and fat mass and fat-free mass estimated using BIA. Correlations were found between fat-free mass estimated using BIA and anthropometric variables. The reliability of BIA in estimating fat mass was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients, which were excellent (0.948 in boys, and 0.945 in girls). CONCLUSIONS: BIA is an easy, low-cost, and highly reliable method, making it a useful technique for studying human body composition. This method shows excellent correlation with anthropometric variables.
Subject(s)
Anthropometry , Body Composition , Electric Impedance , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Antecedentes. El estudio de la composición corporal en la infancia tiene un interés creciente. El análisis de la impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) es un método fiable y reproducible. Objetivos. Determinar los parámetros antropométricos, la masa magra y grasa mediante BIA y antropometría, y sus relaciones. Material y método. Se estudiaron 365 niños sanos (188 varones y 177 mujeres) de edades entre los 6,0 y 14,9 años. Se midió: peso, talla, perímetro braquial, pliegues cutáneos (bicipital, tricipital, subescapular y suprailíaco) y parámetros bioeléctricos. La densidad corporal se calculó a partir de las medidas de los cuatro pliegues con la fórmula de Brook. La impedancia bioeléctrica se midió con un BIA-101 S (RJL Systems) que usa una frecuencia fija (50 kHz). La masa magra por BIA se calculó con la ecuación de Deurenberg (MM=0,82 x talla2/resistencia).Resultados. Se presentan la media, desviación estándar y percentiles 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 y 97, de los parámetros antropométricos y de la masa magra y grasa estimadas por BIA. Se encontraron correlaciones de la masa grasa por BIA con los parámetros antropométricos. La fiabilidad del BIA para estimar la masa grasa se evaluó mediante el cálculo del coeficiente de correlación interclase, que fueron excelentes (0,948 en varones y 0,945 en mujeres). Conclusiones. El BIA es una técnica de fácil manejo, bajo coste y alta fiabilidad por lo que es muy útil para el estudio de la composición corporal humana y posee una excelente correlación con los parámetros antropométricos (AU)
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Female , Child , Male , Electric Impedance , Anthropometry , Body CompositionABSTRACT
Infections by Leuconostoc species bacteria are uncommon, and usually affect patients with an underlying disease, or those fitted with a venous catheter or subjects previously treated with vancomycin. The most common clinical presentation is fever secondary to a central venous line infection. We report a case of Leuconostoc sp. bacteremia in an otherwise apparently healthy 2.5 month-old infant. The patient was successfully treated with cefotaxime. Leuconostoc sp. is an emerging pathogen that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteremia.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Leuconostoc/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Cefotaxime/therapeutic use , Female , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The study of bone mineralization in the neonatal period and of bone disease is receiving increasing interest. Osteosonography is a new method for measuring bone mineralization without exposing the patient to radiation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the speed of ultrasound in healthy newborns, the possible variations in preterm infants, and their relationship with gestational age and anthropometry. METHODS: One-hundred newborns (53 term infants [26 males, 27 females] and 47 preterm infants [27 males and 20 females]) were studied. The variables measured were gestational age, length, weight, circumferences (head and thoracic) and amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SOS). A prior study was carried out to select the area of measurement with ultrasound between both femora and humeri. RESULTS: No significant differences in Ad-SOS were found between the right and left femora or humeri, but there were significant differences between femora and humeri (p 0.001). The mean Ad-SOS in the population was 1706.6 36.3 m/s. Ad-SOS was 1726 26.2 m/s in term infants and 1679 36.7 m/s in preterm infants; this difference was statistically significant. Correlations were also found between Ad-SOS and gestational age and anthropometric variables. CONCLUSIONS: Ad-SOS is an effective method for bone mineralization screening in newborns and for detecting postnatal changes.
Subject(s)
Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Calcification, Physiologic , Anthropometry , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Neonatal infections by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus are very rare in the antibiotic era. There are only a few cases in the first 72 hours after birth. The authors describe a case in which it was confirmed that the bacteria responsible, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, had grown in the newborn's blood and in the mother's lochia. The transmission mechanisms are also reviewed.
Subject(s)
Sepsis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus pyogenes , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: El estudio de la mineralización ósea en el período neonatal y sus enfermedades tiene un interés creciente. La osteosonografía es un nuevo método que permite valorar la mineralización ósea sin radiación. Objetivo: Conocer la velocidad de conducción de los ultrasonidos en recién nacidos normales, las posibles variaciones en pretérminos y las relaciones con la edad gestacional y antropometría. Métodos: La población fue de 100 recién nacidos, 53 de ellos a término (26 varones, 27 mujeres) y 47 pretérminos (27 varones, 20 mujeres). Se evaluaron la siguientes variables: edad gestacional, longitud, peso, perímetros (craneal y torácico) y la velocidad del sonido dependiente de la amplitud (Ad-SOS). Se realizó estudio previo para elegir el punto de medición con ultrasonidos entre ambos fémures y húmeros. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas de la Ad-SOS entre las mediciones realizadas en fémures y húmeros derechos frente a los izquierdos; sí existen entre fémures y húmeros (p < 0,001). La Ad-SOS media de la población fue 1.706,6 ± 36,3 m/s. La Ad-SOS en los niños a términos fue de 1.726 ± 26,2 m/s y en los pretérminos de 1.679 ± 36,7 m/s, diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Se encontraron correlaciones de la Ad-SOS con la edad gestacional y los parámetros antropométricos. Conclusiones: La Ad-SOS es un buen método para el cribado de la mineralización ósea en el recién nacido y monitorización de los cambios posnatales (AU)
Subject(s)
Male , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Calcification, Physiologic , Bone and Bones , AnthropometryABSTRACT
Antecedentes: La exploración del estado nutricional mediante métodos antropométricos incluye la medida de los pliegues cutáneos. El pliegue submandibular ha sido muy poco empleado en dicha valoración. Objetivos: Conocer los valores normales del pliegue submandibular en nuestra población y sus relaciones con otros parámetros antropométricos. Material y métodos: Se han estudiado 188 niños y 177 niñas sanos de 6 a 14 años de edad. Se midieron: peso, talla, perímetro braquial, pliegues cutáneos (submandibular, bicipital, tricipital, subescapular, suprailiaco), índice de masa corporal, índices de distribución grasa, indicadores de grasa corporal, para cada edad y sexo. Se calcularon los percentiles del pliegue submandibular, para cada edad y sexo; se compararon sus medidas entre sexos para cada edad mediante el test t de Student, y sus correlaciones con todos los parámetros antropométricos. Resultados: El valor máximo del pliegue submandibular en los niños es a los 12 años y en las niñas a los 11. No se han encontrado diferencias entre sexos. Las correlaciones más elevadas son con los otros pliegues cutáneos, con la suma de los pliegues y con el área grasa del brazo. Conclusiones: El pliegue submandibular tiene una alta correlación con los indicadores de grasa corporal. Por ello puede ser útil para valorar el estado nutricional en la infancia (AU)
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Male , Child , Humans , Skinfold Thickness , Anthropometry , Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the most significant clinical features of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who required admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: Retrospective study of 12 patients with AIDS who required 13 admissions, between January 1988 and December 1997. RESULTS: Mean age at admission was 15 months (1 month-6 years). Seven patients were under 1 year of age; four were diagnosed during their stay in the unit. The most common reason for admission was respiratory failure (six patients), followed by cardiac failure. Six patients needed mechanical ventilation (5 for respiratory failure). Two patients died during their stay, one of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii infection and one of septic shock. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of patients was diagnosed with HIV Infection during their stay at the PICU. Opportunistic infection was the initial manifestation of the disease. Consequently, with this type of infection, clinical suspicion should be high. The survival rate of up to 84.6% of the admissions to our unit as well as the new, highly active antiretroviral therapy, generally make HIV-infected children suitable for treatment in intensive care units.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Intensive Care Units , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Scanear (AU)
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Male , Infant , Female , Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Intensive Care Units , Patient Admission , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The onset of meningococcal infection in the first 72 hours after birth has only been reported on a few occasions; The authors describe a case where it was confirmed that the bacteria responsible, Neisseria meningitidis group B, grew in the newborn's blood and in the mother's lochia. The transmission mechanisms are also reviewed.
Subject(s)
Meningococcal Infections/complications , Sepsis/microbiology , Female , Humans , Infant, NewbornSubject(s)
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia/diagnosis , Aortic Valve Stenosis/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Focal Dermal Hypoplasia/psychology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Male , Pelvic Bones/abnormalities , Pelvic Bones/diagnostic imaging , Psychomotor Disorders/etiology , RadiographyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The objective of this study has been to know the copper levels in maternal and cord blood at delivery, the relationships between them, and the influence that maternal age, parity, social class, sex, gestational age and anthropometric parameters have over them. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Copper levels in serum from one hundred mothers and their newborns have been determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The mean copper level in maternal serum was 232.4 +/- 31.3 micrograms/100 ml, and 50.2 +/- 18.4 micrograms/100 ml in cord blood. We do not find any influence of maternal age, parity, sex and neonatal anthropometry over these levels. We see an ascending tendency of serum copper in the newborns as they increase their gestational age, and in mothers as soon as they belong to a lower socioeconomic level. There is a significant difference between the cord copper levels of newborns from mothers with serum copper levels less or equal to P25 or P50 and those from ones over P75, and a significant positive correlation between maternal and newborns ones. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the relationship between the maternal and neonatal copper status, the influence of the socioeconomic situation on the maternal levels, and the age gestational age on the newborns ones.
Subject(s)
Copper/blood , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Anthropometry , Female , Fetal Blood/chemistry , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Linear Models , Male , Pregnancy , Reference Values , Sex CharacteristicsABSTRACT
The adverse reactions to vaccines are still a questioned subject because of the diversity of criteria they have been assessed with. We review the different etiopathogenic mechanisms that may be involved in their production, so as their local and general clinical features. We finally suggest that in despite of presentation of the adverse reactions that can be really attributed to vaccines, in order to known their real incidence it is necessary to develop a control system all over the vaccinated population.
