ABSTRACT
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the interleukin-1 family of cytokines produced constitutively by different cell types and by adipose tissue. Due to the link between obesity, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, we aimed to measure IL-18 circulating level in patients undergoing open-heart surgery both for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or for valve replacement (VR), and we also evaluated whether epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) depot may be a potential source of IL-18. Circulating IL-18 protein was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-18, IL-18 receptor 1 (IL-18 R1) and IL-18 receptor accessory protein (IL-18-RAP) gene expression in EAT depot were evaluated by one colour microarray platform. EAT thickness was measured by echocardiography. In this study we found that all cardiovascular patients (CABG and VR) have increased circulating IL-18 level compared to healthy control subjects (p < 0.0001), but no statistical significant difference was observed between CABG and VR groups (p = 0.35). A great increase in the gene expression of IL-18 (p < 0.05), IL-18 R1 (p < 0.01) and IL-18 RAP (p < 0.001) was observed in EAT samples obtained from CABG vs VR patients. In conclusion, CABG and VR patients had similar increased level of circulating IL-18 protein, but in EAT depots isolated from CABG gene expression of IL-18, IL-18 R1 and IL-18-RAP resulted higher than in VR patients. Future investigation on local IL-18 protein production, its autocrine-paracrine effect and its correlation with plasmatic IL-18 level could give more information on the relationship between IL-18 and coronary artery disease.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Coronary Artery Bypass , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Interleukin-18/blood , Pericardium/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Interleukin-6/blood , Interleukin-8/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a compensatory mechanism occurring in patients with chronic anemia. Liver, spleen, and lymph nodes are frequently involved. However, EMH may also develop in several sites such as thymus, kidneys, retroperitoneum, paravertebral areas of the thorax, lungs, bowel and others. Rarely symptomatic, it often shows a variety of clinical features. This condition, frequently, may be fatal. A correct early diagnosis of EHM might avoid, if possible, a bad prognosis. The Authors report a case where bone marrow cells were identified in centrifuge cerebrospinal fluid of a patient suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Subject(s)
Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , SyndromeABSTRACT
La hematopoyesis extramedular (HEM) es clásicamente considerada un mecanismo compensador en pacientes con anemia crónica. Hígado, bazo y ganglios linfáticos son frecuentemente implicados. Sin embargo la HEM puede también desarrollarse, de manera generalmente asintomática, en otras localizaciones como timo, riñón, retroperitoneo, área paravertebral del tórax, pulmón, intestino y otras. Raramente es sintomática (HEMS), presentándose con una gran variedad de cuadros clínicos con evolución a veces fatal. Esta forma es subvalorada y poco conocida. Su reconocimiento como entidad clínica permite un diagnóstico precoz evitando, cuando es posible, una evolución letal. Los autores describen un caso donde fueron encontradas células de la médula ósea en el análisis del líquido cefaloraquídeo (LCR) de un paciente con linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH)
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a compensatory mechanism occurring in patients with chronic anemia. Liver, spleen, and lymph nodes are frequently involved. However, EMH may also develop in several sites such as thymus, kidneys, retroperitoneum, paravertebral areas of the thorax, lungs, bowel and others. Rarely symptomatic, it often shows a variety of clinical features. This condition, frequently, may be fatal. A correct early diagnosis of EHM might avoid, if possible, a bad prognosis. The Authors report a case where bone marrow cells were identified in centrifuge cerebrospinal fluid of a patient suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
