Trastornos cardiovasculares en la enfermedad de Parkinson / Cardiovascular disorders in Parkinson’s disease

Introducción. En la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) existe una denervación simpática cardiaca posganglionar que ya está presente desde fases presintomáticas de la enfermedad y que puede demostrarse mediante la maniobra de Valsalva y la gammagrafía cardiaca con [123]I-metaiodobencilguanidina. Objetivo. Describir las técnicas de estudio de la función noradrenérgica cardiaca y las principales manifestaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes con EP. Desarrollo. La hipotensión ortostática es la disfunción autonómica más incapacitante en pacientes con EP y se relaciona con un aumento de la morbilidad por caídas y traumatismos. En su origen se ha implicado una pérdida de neuronas en las columnas intermediolaterales de la médula, la disfunción autonómica cardiaca y la presencia de cuerpos de Lewy en los plexos vegetativos. Los pacientes afectados pueden beneficiarse de una serie de medidas dietéticas y posturales, y en caso necesario pueden utilizarse fármacos como la fludrocortisona, la midodrina y la piridostigmina. La hipertensión supina es una complicación potencialmente grave que puede verse en pacientes que reciben tratamiento para la hipotensión ortostática con fludrocortisona o midodrina. Conclusiones. El reconocimiento y tratamiento adecuado de las complicaciones cardiovasculares de la EP, especialmente la hipotensión ortostática, puede mejorar de forma significativa la calidad de vida de estos pacientes (AU)

Introduction. In Parkinson’s disease (PD) there is a post-gangliar cardiac sympathetic denervation that is present from the pre-symptomatic phases of the disease onwards and which can be demonstrated by means of the Valsalva manoeuvre and cardiac scintigraphy with [123]I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine. Aim. To describe the techniques for studying the cardiac noradrenergic function and the main cardiovascular manifestations in patients with PD. Development. Orthostatic hypotension is the most disabling autonomic dysfunction in patients with PD and is related with an increase in morbidity due to falls and traumatic injuries. Loss of neurones in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord, cardiac autonomic dysfunction and the presence of Lewy bodies in the vegetative plexuses have all been related with its origin. Affected patients can benefit from a series of dietetic and postural measures and, if necessary, can use medication, such fludrocortisone, midodrine and pyridostigmine. Supine hypertension is a potentially serious complication that can appear in patients being treated for orthostatic hypotension with fludrocortisone or midodrine. Conclusions. Suitable recognition and treatment of the cardiovascular complications of PD, especially orthostatic hypotension, can improve these patients’ quality of life to a significant extent (AU)

Efficacy of long-term continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations: a multicenter study.

Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) is, at present, an alternative option for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) with motor fluctuations. We studied the evolution of patients with PD and severe motor fluctuations long-term treated with CSAI. We reviewed data from 82 patients with PD (mean age, 67 +/- 11.07; disease duration, 14.39 +/- 5.7 years) and severe motor fluctuations referred to 35 tertiary hospitals in Spain. These patients were long-term treated (for at least 3 months) with CSAI and tolerated the procedure without serious side effects. We compared the baseline data of these 82 patients (before CSAI) with those obtained from the last follow-up visit of each patient. The mean follow-up of CSAI was 19.93 +/- 16.3 months. Mean daily dose of CSAI was 72.00 +/- 21.38 mg run over 14.05 +/- 1.81 hours. We found a statistically significant reduction in off-hours, according to self-scoring diaries (6.64 +/- 3.09 vs. 1.36 +/- 1.42 hours/day, P < 0.0001), total and motor UPDRS scores (P < 0.0001), dyskinesia severity (P < 0.0006), and equivalent dose of antiparkinsonian therapy (1,405 +/- 536.7 vs. 800.1 +/- 472.9 mg of levodopa equivalent units P < 0.0001). CSAI is an effective option for patients with PD and severe fluctuations, poorly controlled by conventional oral drug treatment.