Hábitos de consulta de material de contenido sexual en Internet en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. [Habits of Consulting Material with Sexual Content on Internet in a Sample of University Students] / Habits of Consulting Material with Sexual Content on Internet in a Sample of University Students

Habits of Consulting Material with Sexual Content on Internet in a Sample of University Students. Internet has shaped a new framework of socialization that affects sexuality and interpersonal relationships, especially in adolescents and young adults. The overall aim of this study was to describe the access and display patterns of online sexual material among university students and to analyze inter-gender differences. Participants were 486 university students, 71.4% female, aged between 18 and 30 years. A questionnaire developed specifically for the research was administered to explore the patterns and habits of use of sexual material through social networks and the internet. We found significant gender differences in age of onset viewing sexual content material, time spent, the reasons for access and preferences for specific platforms -i.e., a gender-differential pattern of use and consumption of sexual material on the internet. Males starts earlier than females, spends more time viewing this type of material and shows a greater preference for specific platforms. Knowing the patterns of use and habits of this material is fundamental to be able to prevent situations of misuse and abuse, as well as to design preventive programs on the risks of sexual behavior in young adults (AU)

Impacto de la infección materna asintomática por SARS-CoV-2 sobre el crecimiento fetal / Impact of asymptomatic maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on foetal growth

Introducción: La repercusión de la infección asintomática por SARS-CoV-2 sobre el crecimiento fetal no ha sido bien establecida. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existe un incremento del riesgo de retraso de crecimiento intrauterino en gestaciones con una infección asintomática por SARS-CoV-2 durante el embarazo. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo caso-control en gestantes con feto pequeño para la edad gestacional o restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Los grupos se constituyeron según el percentil de peso al nacimiento. El antecedente de infección por SARS-CoV-2 ha sido definido por la presencia de IgG en el momento del ingreso hospitalario para el parto. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo control y el grupo caso en cuanto a anticuerpos IgG positivos (11,5 vs. 8,8%). Tampoco se registraron diferencias en la prematuridad ni el tipo de parto. Conclusiones: La infección asintomática por SARS-CoV-2 durante el embarazo no parece afectar al crecimiento fetal.(AU)

Introduction: The impact of asymptomatic infection by SARs-CoV-2 on foetal growth has not been described. The purpose of our study is to determine whether there is an increased risk of foetal growth restriction in pregnancies in which asymptomatic or mild infection by SARS-CoV-2 has been detected. Material and methods: Retrospective case-control study with a subset of pregnant women with a small for gestational age foetus. Groups were established according to birth weight percentile. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by positive antibodies obtained on admission to hospital for delivery. Results: No statistically significant differences between controls and cases were recorded in terms of positive IgG antibodies (11.5 vs. 8.8%). There were no premature births or significant differences in the date or type of delivery. Conclusions: Asymptomatic infection by SARs-CoV-2 during pregnancy does not seem to affect foetal growth.(AU)

[Impact of asymptomatic maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on foetal growth]. / Impacto de la infección materna asintomática por SARS-CoV-2 sobre el crecimiento fetal.

Introduction: The impact of asymptomatic infection by SARs-CoV-2 on foetal growth has not been described. The purpose of our study is to determine whether there is an increased risk of foetal growth restriction in pregnancies in which asymptomatic or mild infection by SARS-CoV-2 has been detected. Material and methods: Retrospective case-control study with a subset of pregnant women with a small for gestational age foetus. Groups were established according to birth weight percentile. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by positive antibodies obtained on admission to hospital for delivery. Results: No statistically significant differences between controls and cases were recorded in terms of positive IgG antibodies (11.5 vs. 8.8%). There were no premature births or significant differences in the date or type of delivery. Conclusions: Asymptomatic infection by SARs-CoV-2 during pregnancy does not seem to affect foetal growth.

Low temperature NO2 gas sensing with ZnO nanostructured by laser interference lithography.

ZnO conductometric gas sensors have been widely studied due to their good sensitivity, cost-efficiency, long stability and simple fabrication. This work is focused on NO2 sensing, which is a toxic and irritating gas. The developed sensor consists of interdigitated electrodes covered by a ZnO sensing layer. ZnO has been grown by means of the aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique and then nanostructured by laser interference lithography with a UV laser. The SEM and XRD results show vertically oriented growth of ZnO grains and a 2D periodic nanopatterning of the material with a period of 800 nm. Nanostructuring lowers the base resistance of the developed sensors and modifies the sensor response to NO2. Maximum sensitivity is obtained at 175 °C achieving a change of 600% in sensor resistance for 4 ppm NO2 versus a 400% change for the non-nanostructured material. However, the most relevant results have been obtained at temperatures below 125 °C. While the non-nanostructured material does not respond to NO2 at such low temperatures, nanostructured ZnO allows NO2 sensing even at room temperature. The room temperature sensing capability possibly derives from the increase of both the surface defects and the surface-to-volume ratio. The long stability and the gas sensing under humid conditions have also been tested, showing improvements of sensitivity for the nanostructured sensors.

Study of deposition parameters and growth kinetics of ZnO deposited by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition.

Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD) is a thermally activated CVD technique that uses micro-droplets as deposition precursors. An AACVD system with a custom-designed reaction chamber has been implemented to grow ZnO thin films using zinc chloride as a precursor. The present work aims to study the impact of the deposition parameters on the thin film, as well as the microstructure evolution and growth kinetics. Aerosol flow has an effect on the density of nucleation sites and on the grain size. The temperature affects the morphology of the grown ZnO, showing a preferential orientation along the c-axis for 350 °C, 375 °C and 400 °C substrate temperatures. The microstructural evolution and the growth kinetics are also presented. A different evolution behavior has been observed for 350 °C, where nucleation site density is the highest at the early stages and it decreases over time in contrast with the cases of 375 °C and 400 °C, where there is an initial increase and a subsequent decrease. The activation energy of the chemical reaction is 1.06 eV. The optical characterization of the material has been performed through reflection measurements showing a relationship between the spectrum and the ZnO film thickness. The electrical characterization has been done by means of an interdigital capacitor, with which it is possible to measure the grain and grain boundary resistance of the material. Both resistances are of the order of 105-106 Ω.

Treatment of sarcoptic and chorioptic mange in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) herd with a combination of topical amitraz and subcutaneous ivermectin.

Clinical history: An outbreak of intense pruritus and weight loss in a herd of 40 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the south-west of France was investigated after the death of 14 adults. One alpaca was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital for diagnosis and treatment but died soon after and one of the dead alpacas was submitted for necropsy. Clinical findings: The remaining alpacas were intensely pruritic with variably severe and extensive alopecia, erythema, lichenification and crusting on the face, ventral abdomen and distal limbs. Superficial skin scrapes from five animals revealed large numbers of Sarcoptes scabiei mites, and less frequent and numerous Chorioptes bovis mites. Coproscopic examinations revealed a median of 1,350 (min 500, max 8800) strongyle epg. The alpaca admitted for treatment was anaemic and hypoalbuminaemic. Skin scrapes revealed copious S. scabiei and C. bovis mites. The two alpacas examined post-mortem had similar skin lesions to those examined on-farm and were cachexic. One had lung lesions attributed to protostrongylid infestation and its liver contained numerous Dicrocoelium spp. adults. Diagnosis: Sarcoptic and chorioptic mange with secondary superficial bacterial skin infection, associated with severe internal parasitism and underfeeding. Treatment and outcome: All 25 alpacas were treated topically with a 3% chlorhexidine shampoo followed by a 0.025% amitraz wash at the initial visit and then 1, 2, 3, 7 and 9 weeks later. A systemic treatment with S/C 500 µg/kg ivermectin was administered at the initial visit and then 2, 7 and 9 weeks later. The alpacas were treated orally with 50 mg/kg praziquantel to control dicrocoeliosis. Nutritional measures, including increased pasture area and supplemental feeding were simultaneously implemented. Pruritus was reduced 1 week after the start of treatment and had resolved after 2 weeks. After 9 weeks, skin lesions were markedly improved. Six months after the initial visit, skin lesions entirely resolved and superficial skin scrapes, taken from half of the animals, were negative for mites. Clinical relevance: This is the first report of the use of two acaricides combined with a chlorhexidine shampoo to successfully treat simultaneous sarcoptic and chorioptic mange in alpacas.

Imidazole-based ionogel as room temperature benzene and formaldehyde sensor.

A room temperature benzene and formaldehyde gas sensor system with an ionogel as sensing material is presented. The sensing layer is fabricated employing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) polymerized in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ionic liquid onto gold interdigitated electrodes. When the ionogel is exposed to increasing formaldehyde concentrations employing N2 as a carrier gas, a more stable response is observed in comparison to the bare ionic liquid, but no difference in sensitivity occurs. On the other hand, when air is used as carrier gas the sensitivity of the system towards formaldehyde is decreased by one order of magnitude. At room temperature, the proposed sensor exhibited in air higher sensitivities to benzene, at concentrations ranging between 4 and 20 ppm resulting, in a limit of detection of 47 ppb, which is below the standard permitted concentrations. The selectivity of the IL towards HCHO and C6H6 is demonstrated by the absence of response when another IL is employed. Humidity from the ambient air slightly affects the resistance of the system proving the protective role of the polymeric matrix. Furthermore, the gas sensor system showed fast response/recovery times considering the thickness of the material, suggesting that ionogel materials can be used as novel and highly efficient volatile organic compounds sensors operating at room temperature.Graphical abstract.

A prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the effects of an n-3 essential fatty acids supplement (Agepi® ω3) on clinical signs, and fatty acid concentrations in the erythrocyte membrane, hair shafts and skin surface of dogs with poor quality coats.

Canine haircoat quality, the time course of incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into the canine erythrocyte membrane, changes in total lipids content on hair shafts and of neutral lipids on the skin surface, were investigated after administrating an n-3 fatty acids supplement. Twenty-four dogs with poor haircoat received a placebo or n-3 oil capsules (110 mg EPA/68 mg DHA) daily for 90 days. Clinical assessments and tissue sampling were performed monthly from day (D)0 to D180. The clinical score in treated dogs was significantly reduced from D60, then attained a plateau and returned to baseline levels on D180. EPA and DHA contents in the erythrocyte membrane increased significantly from D30 and decreased rapidly after supplement withdrawal in treated dogs. Total lipids on the hair shaft increased progressively in the supplemented group. EPA/DHA supplements impact blood and hair fatty acids important for haircoat quality in dogs.

Aromatic amino acids and their relevance in the specificity of the PH domain.

Phosphoinositides are phosphatidylinositol derived, well known to be second messengers in various cell signaling pathways as well as in processes such as cell differentiation, cellular stress response, gene transcription, and chromatin remodeling. The pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase C-delta 1 is responsible for recognizing and binding to PI(4,5)P2 and for this reason has been widely used to study this phosphoinositide as a biosensor when it is conjugated to a fluorescent tag. In this work, we modified the primary structure of pleckstrin homology domain by site-specific mutagenesis to change the specificity for phosphoinositides. We obtained 3 mutants: K30A, W36F, and W36Y with different specificity to phosphoinositides. Mutant domain K30A recognized PI(4,5)P2 , PI(3,4,5)P3 , phosphatidic acid (PA), and weakly PI(3,5)P2 . Mutant domain W36F recognized all the phosphoinositides studied and the PA. Finally, mutant domain W36Y seemed to interact with PA and all the other phosphoinositides studied, except PI(3)P. The changes in recognition argue against a simple charge and nonpolar region model for these interactions and more in favor of a specific docking region with a specific recognition site. We conducted in silico modeling that explains the mechanisms behind the observed changes and showed that aromatic amino acids appear to play more important role, than previously thought, in the specificity of phospholipids' binding domains.

Self-Assembly and Anti-Amyloid Cytotoxicity Activity of Amyloid beta Peptide Derivatives.

The self-assembly of two derivatives of KLVFF, a fragment Aß(16-20) of the amyloid beta (Aß) peptide, is investigated and recovery of viability of neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aß (1-42) is observed at sub-stoichiometric peptide concentrations. Fluorescence assays show that NH2-KLVFF-CONH2 undergoes hydrophobic collapse and amyloid formation at the same critical aggregation concentration (cac). In contrast, NH2-K(Boc)LVFF-CONH2 undergoes hydrophobic collapse at a low concentration, followed by amyloid formation at a higher cac. These findings are supported by the ß-sheet features observed by FTIR. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry indicates that NH2-K(Boc)LVFF-CONH2 forms a significant population of oligomeric species above the cac. Cryo-TEM, used together with SAXS to determine fibril dimensions, shows that the length and degree of twisting of peptide fibrils seem to be influenced by the net peptide charge. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering from thin peptide films shows features of ß-sheet ordering for both peptides, along with evidence for lamellar ordering of NH2-KLVFF-CONH2. This work provides a comprehensive picture of the aggregation properties of these two KLVFF derivatives and shows their utility, in unaggregated form, in restoring the viability of neuroblastoma cells against Aß-induced toxicity.

Using the liquid-chromatographic-fingerprint of sterols fraction to discriminate virgin olive from other edible oils.

A method to discriminate virgin olive oil from other edible vegetable oils such as, sunflower, pomace olive, rapeseed, canola, corn and soybean, applying chemometric techniques to the liquid chromatographic representative fingerprint of sterols fraction, is proposed. After a pre-treatment of the LC chromatogram data - including baseline correction, smoothing signal and mean centering - different unsupervised and supervised pattern recognition procedures, such as principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLSDA), have been applied. From the information obtained from PCA and HCA, two groups can be clearly distinguished (virgin olive and the rest of vegetable oils tested) which have been used to discriminate between two defined classes by means of a PLSDA model. Five latent variables (LVs) explained 76.88% of X-block variance and 95.47% of the defined classes block (γ-block) variance. A root mean square error for calibration and cross validation of 0.10 and 0.22 respectively, confirmed these results and a root mean square error for prediction of 0.15 evidences that the classification model proposed presents an adequate prediction capability. The contingency table also shows the good performance of the model, proving the capability of the LC-R-FpM, to discriminate virgin olive from other vegetable edible oils.

Ansiedad de separación y miedos escolares en niños y niñas de seis años / No disponible

La fobia escolar es el rechazo prolongado que un niño experimenta al acudir a la escuela por algún tipo de miedo relacionado con la situación escolar y cuya prevalencia se sitúa entre el 0,4 y 7,6% de niños y adolescentes en edad escolar. Sin embargo, este tipo de fobia específica puede ser entendida como una manifestación de un trastorno de ansiedad por separación, por lo que hoy en día se utiliza el término de rechazo escolar para referirse a ambas situaciones. Varios estudios ponen de manifiesto la relación entre ambos trastornos, así como su complejidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y analizar la relación entre miedos escolares y síntomas de ansiedad por separación en 70 niños de 6 años mediante el Inventario de Miedos Escolares, forma I (IME-N) y el Cuestionario de Ansiedad por Separación Infantil (CASI-N). Los resultados mostraron que ambas dificultades se encuentran fuertemente vinculadas (AU)

The school phobia is the prolonged rejection that a child experiences when he going to school for some kind of fear related to the school situation and whose prevalence is between 0,4 and 7,6% of children and adolescents of school age. However, this type of specific phobia can be understood as a manifestation of separation anxiety disorder, so that today the school refusal word is used to refer to both problems. Some studies show the relationship between these disorders and their complexity. The aim of this study was describe and analyze the relationship between school fears and anxiety separation symptoms in 70 children from 6 years old through The Inventory of School Fears, Form I (IME-N) and Separation Anxiety Scale for Children (CASI-N). The results showed that both problems are strongly linked (AU)

Evaluation of the uncertainty associated with the off line HPLC-GC(FID) determination of 4-desmethyl sterols in vegetable oils.

This paper discusses the estimation of the uncertainty of the chromatographic determination of 4-desmethyl sterols in vegetable oils, combining the off line HPLC fractionation of the analytes, from the unsaponifiable fraction of the samples, with their determination as TMS derivatives by GC(FID), using the data obtained from a single internal calibration (one surrogate) at one level and "bottom up" approach. The methodology used, makes possible to identify the main uncertainty contributions, find their origins, and reduce them. The final results show that the main contributions to the relative overall uncertainty are those closely related with the chemical aspects of the method, i.e. those related to derivatization reaction and quantification of the analytes, although others aspects, such as the addition of a mass of surrogate, are not negligible.

Möbius transformations and electronic transport properties of large disorderless networks.

We show that the key transport states, insulating and conducting, of large regular networks of scatterers can be described generically by negative and zero Lyapunov exponents, respectively, of Möbius maps that relate the scattering matrix of systems with successive sizes. The conductive phase is represented by weakly chaotic attractors that have been linked with anomalous transport and ergodicity breaking. Our conclusions, verified for serial as well as parallel stub and ring structures, reveal that mesoscopic behavior results from a drastic reduction of degrees of freedom.

[Incidence of nutritional support complications in critical patients: multicenter study]. / Incidencia de complicaciones del soporte nutricional en pacientes críticos: estudio multicéntrico.

INTRODUCTION: Nutritional support (NS) leads complications that must be detected and prompt treated. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of some complications of nutritional support in critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter, descriptive, prospective study in patients with NS in intensive care units. Studied variables included medical diagnosis, nutritional status, length of NS, path, type of formula and ten complications. RESULTS: 419 patients evaluated, 380 received enteral nutrition (EN) and 39 parenteral nutrition (PN). The high gastric residue was the most incident complication in the ENS (24.2%), followed by diarrhea (14%) and withdrawal tube (6.6%). The high gastric residue and diarrhea were associated with the duration of the NS (p < 0.05). For the PNS the complication most incidents were hypophosphatemia (38.5%), followed by catheter sepsis (15.4%). The duration of the NS was associated with cholestasis, sepsis and hypophosphatemia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: complications of highest incidence were the high gastric residue for EN and hypophosphatemia for the PN; the withdrawal of the tube is a complication that claims further monitoring. The duration of the NS was the variable that showed greater association with the complications studied. Is a must to get consensus on complications definitions for comparisons establishment and best international standards target, furthermore propose protocols in order to decrease complications incidence of NS to fulfill the critical ill patient requirements.

Incidencia de complicaciones del soporte nutricional en pacientes críticos: estudio multicéntrico / Incidence of nutritional support complications in critical patients: multicenter study

Introducción: el soporte nutricional (SN) genera complicaciones que deben detectarse y tratarse oportunamente. Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia de algunas complicaciones del soporte nutricional en pacientes críticamente enfermos. Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo, prospectivo en pacientes con SN en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Las variables estudiadas fueron diagnóstico médico, estado nutricional, duración del SN, vía de acceso, tipo de fórmula y diez complicaciones. Resultados: 419 pacientes evaluados, 380 recibieron nutrición enteral (NE) y 39 nutricional parenteral (NP).La complicación de mayor incidencia de la NE fue el residuogástrico alto (24,2%), seguido de la diarrea (14%) y el retiro de la sonda (6,6%). El residuo gástrico alto y la diarrea se asociaron con la duración del SN (p < 0,05). Para la NP la complicación mas incidente fue la hipofosfatemia(38,5%), seguida de la sépsis por catéter (15,4%). La duración del SN se asoció con colestasis, sepsis e hipofosfatemia (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: las complicaciones de mayor incidencia fueron el residuo gástrico alto para la NE y la hipofosfatemia para la NP; el retiro de la sonda es una complicación que amerita mayor seguimiento. La duración del SN fue la variable que mostró mayor asociación con las complicaciones estudiadas. Es necesario lograr consenso sobre la definición de las complicaciones para establecer comparativos y orientarse hacia los mejores estándares internacionales y proponer protocolos tendientes a disminuir cada vez más las complicaciones del SN para que éste cumpla su propósito en el paciente crítico (AU)

Introduction: nutritional support (NS) leads complications that must be detected and prompt treated. Objective: to estimate the incidence of some complications of nutritional support in critically ill patients. Materials and methods: a multicenter, descriptive, prospective study in patients with NS in intensive care units. Studied variables included medical diagnosis, nutritional status, length of NS, path, type of formula and ten complications. Results: 419 patients evaluated, 380 received enteral nutrition (EN) and 39 parenteral nutrition (PN). The highgastric residue was the most incident complication in the ENS (24.2%), followed by diarrhea (14%) and with drawal tube (6.6%). The high gastric residue and diarrhea were associated with the duration of the NS (p <0.05). For the PNS the complication most incidents were hypophosphatemia (38.5%), followed by catheter sepsis(15.4%). The duration of the NS was associated with cholestasis, sepsis and hypophosphatemia (p < 0.05).Conclusions: complications of highest incidence were the high gastric residue for EN and hypophosphatemia for the PN; the withdrawal of the tube is a complication that claims further monitoring. The duration of the NS was the variable that showed greater association with the complications studied. Is a must to get consensus on complications definitions for comparisons establishment and best international standards target, further more propose protocols in order to decrease complications incidence of NS to fulfill the critical ill patient requirements (AU)

Actin complexes in the cell nucleus: new stones in an old field.

Actin is a well-known protein that has shown a myriad of activities in the cytoplasm. However, recent findings of actin involvement in nuclear processes are overwhelming. Actin complexes in the nucleus range from very dynamic chromatin-remodeling complexes to structural elements of the matrix with single partners known as actin-binding proteins (ABPs). This review summarizes the recent findings of actin-containing complexes in the nucleus. Particular attention is given to key processes like chromatin remodeling, transcription, DNA replication, nucleocytoplasmic transport and to actin roles in nuclear architecture. Understanding the mechanisms involving ABPs will definitely lead us to the principles of the regulation of gene expression performed via concerting nuclear and cytoplasmic processes.

[Photodynamic therapy for actinic cheilitis]. / Tratamiento de queilitis actínicas con terapia fotodinámica.

Actinic cheilitis is a subtype of actinic keratosis that mainly affects the lower lip and has a higher risk of malignant transformation. Its location on the labial mucosa influences the therapeutic approach. Vermilionectomy requires local or general anesthetic and is associated with a risk of an unsightly scar, and the treatment with 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod lasts for several weeks and the inflammatory reaction can be very intense. A number of authors have used photodynamic therapy as an alternative to the usual treatments. We present 3 patients with histologically confirmed actinic cheilitis treated using photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinic acid as the photosensitizer and red light at 630 nm. The clinical response was good, with no recurrences after 3 to 6 months of follow-up. Our experience supports the use of photodynamic therapy as a good alternative for the treatment of actinic cheilitis.