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1.
Behav Brain Res ; 242: 178-90, 2013 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23291154

ABSTRACT

In the present work we analyzed the effect of the chronic administration of risperidone (2mg/kg over 65 days) on behavioural, morphological and molecular aspects in an experimental model of schizophrenia obtained by bilateral injection of ibotenic acid into the ventral hippocampus of new-born rats. Our results show that during their adult lives the animals with hippocampal lesions exhibit different alterations, mainly at behavioural level and in the gene expression of dopamine D(2) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. However, at morphological level the study performed on the prefrontal cortex did not reveal any alterations in either the thickness or the number of cells immunoreactive for c-Fos, GFAP, CBP or PV. Overall, risperidone administration elicited a trend towards the recovery of the values previously altered by the hippocampal lesion, approaching the values seen in the animals without lesions. It may be concluded that the administration of risperidone in the schizophrenia model employed helps to improve the altered functions, with no significant negative effects.


Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain/pathology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Risperidone/administration & dosage , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Age Factors , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Avoidance Learning/physiology , Brain/metabolism , CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism , Cell Count , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Administration Schedule , Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/toxicity , Exploratory Behavior/drug effects , Exploratory Behavior/physiology , Female , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , Grooming/drug effects , Hippocampus/drug effects , Hippocampus/physiology , Ibotenic Acid/toxicity , Male , Parvalbumins/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism , Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics , Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism , Schizophrenia/chemically induced , Schizophrenia/physiopathology
2.
Behav Brain Res ; 205(2): 488-98, 2009 Dec 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19665494

ABSTRACT

Taking into account that most of the experimental research into the effects of antipsychotic drugs has mainly focused on behavioural aspects, the aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of a chronic therapeutic dose of risperidone (1 mg/kg/day during 140 days) on both behavioural and morphological aspects in healthy rats. The behavioural results revealed only minor modifications in prepulse inhibition, showing the risperidone-treated group higher values at 70 days of treatment with respect to the vehicle group. Moreover, in the open-field test, this group showed a greater incidence of grooming. In the active avoidance test, no differences were found between the groups studied. Additionally, in the morphological study performed to analyse cortical thickness and the number of GFAP-, CaBP-, PV- and Fos-immunostained cells no differences were seen between the two groups studied. It is important to note that the risperidone-treated group showed a slight increase in the total number of cells counted, although this increase was not significant. Our results indicate that the chronic administration of therapeutic doses of risperidone does not produce any dramatic behavioural or morphological changes in healthy animals.


Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain/drug effects , Neurons/drug effects , Risperidone/pharmacology , Animals , Auditory Perception/drug effects , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Brain/anatomy & histology , Brain/metabolism , Calbindins , Cell Count , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , Grooming/drug effects , Male , Neurons/cytology , Neurons/metabolism , Organ Size , Parvalbumins/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reflex, Startle/drug effects , S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/metabolism
3.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry ; 33(1): 53-61, 2009 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19000732

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Processes underlying cortical hypoactivation in schizophrenia are poorly understood but some evidence suggests that a deficient sensory filtering is associated with the condition. This filtering deficit can be studied by using measures of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of sensory filtering deficits to cortical hypoperfusion during an attention test in schizophrenia. METHOD: Measurements of PPI of the startle reflex and perfusion during the performance of a Stroop test (assessed with single photon emission tomography) were obtained in 10 acutely treated schizophrenia patients (6 with recent onset, RO) and 16 control subjects. These measurements were compared between patients and controls and the correlation between PPI and perfusion was evaluated within each group, using Statistical Parametric Mapping. RESULTS: In comparison with normal subjects, the patients exhibited lower PPI, although the difference was not statistically significant. Perfusion was significantly lower in the prefrontal and premotor regions of the patients. In the patient group, a statistically significant difference was observed between PPI and perfusion in the parietal, premotor, and cingulate regions. When the associations were analyzed in the RO patients alone, a positive correlation was also found between prefrontal perfusion and PPI, while anterior hippocampal perfusion was inversely related to PPI. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the notion that deficient sensory-motor filtering is associated with decreased cortical task-related activation in schizophrenia.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/blood supply , Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Reflex, Startle/physiology , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/physiopathology , Sensory Gating , Adult , Attention , Female , Humans , Male , Pilot Projects , Psychomotor Performance , Schizophrenic Psychology , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
4.
Neuroscience ; 154(1): 51-64, 2008 Jun 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18384963

ABSTRACT

Afferents to the primary startle circuit are essential for the elicitation and modulation of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR). In the rat, cochlear root neurons (CRNs) comprise the first component of the acoustic startle circuit and play a crucial role in mediating the ASR. Nevertheless, the neurochemical pattern of their afferents remains unclear. To determine the distribution of excitatory and inhibitory inputs, we used confocal microscopy to analyze the immunostaining for vesicular glutamate and GABA transporter proteins (VGLUT1 and VGAT) on retrogradely labeled CRNs. We also used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry to detect and localize specific neurotransmitter receptor subunits in the cochlear root. Our results show differential distributions of VGLUT1- and VGAT-immunoreactive endings around cell bodies and dendrites. The RT-PCR data showed a positive band for several ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits, M1-M5 muscarinic receptor subtypes, the glycine receptor alpha1 subunit (GlyRalpha1), GABAA, GABAB, and subunits of alpha2 and beta-noradrenergic receptors. By immunohistochemistry, we confirmed that CRN cell bodies exhibit positive immunoreaction for the glutamate receptor (GluR) 3 and NR1 GluR subunits. Cell bodies and dendrites were also positive for M2 and M4, and GlyRalpha1. Other subunits, such as GluR1 and GluR4 of the AMPA GluRs, were observed in glial cells neighboring unlabeled CRN cell bodies. We further confirmed the existence of noradrenergic afferents onto CRNs from the locus coeruleus by combining tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry and tract-tracing experiments. Our results provide valuable information toward understanding how CRNs might integrate excitatory and inhibitory inputs, and hence how they could elicit and modulate the ASR.


Subject(s)
Auditory Pathways/metabolism , Cochlear Nucleus/metabolism , Neurochemistry , 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine/metabolism , Animals , Cochlear Nucleus/cytology , Dendrites/metabolism , Gene Expression/physiology , Neurons/cytology , Neurons/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism , Receptors, GABA/classification , Receptors, GABA/metabolism , Receptors, Glutamate/classification , Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism , Receptors, Glycine/genetics , Receptors, Glycine/metabolism , Receptors, Muscarinic/classification , Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism , Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1/genetics , Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1/metabolism , Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins/genetics , Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins/metabolism
5.
J Phys Chem A ; 109(45): 10380-7, 2005 Nov 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16833334

ABSTRACT

The geometries and the static dipole (hyper)polarizabilities (alpha, beta, gamma) of a series of aromatic anions were investigated at the ab initio (HF, MP2, and MP4) and density functional theory DFT (B3LYP) levels of theory. The anions chosen for the present study are the benzenethiolate (Ph-S-), benzenecarboxylate (Ph-CO2-), benzenesulfinate (Ph-SO2-), benzenesulfonate (Ph-SO3-), and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate (1,3-Ph-(CO2)2(2-)). For benzenethiolate anion, additional alpha, beta, and gamma calculations were performed at the coupled cluster CCSD level with MP2 optimized geometries. The standard diffuse and polarized 6-31+G(d,p) basis set was employed in conjunction to the ab initio and DFT methods. Additional HF calculations were performed with the 6-311++G(3d,3p) basis set for all the anions. The correlated electric properties were evaluated numerically within the formalism of finite field. The optimized geometries were analyzed in terms of the few reports about the phenolate and sulfonate ions. The results show that electron correlation effects on the polarizabilities are very important in all the anion series. Was found that Ph-SO2- is highly polarizable in terms of alpha and beta, and the Ph-S- is the highest second hyperpolarizable in the series. The results of alpha were rationalized in terms of the analysis of the polarization of charge based in Mulliken atomic population and the structural features of the optimized geometries of anions, whereas the large differences in the beta and gamma values in the series were respectively interpreted in terms of the bond length alternation BLA and the separation of charge in the aromatic ring by effects of the substitution. These results allowed us to suggest the benzenesulfinate and benzenethiolate anions as promising candidates that should be incorporated in ionic materials for second and third-order nonlinear optical devices.


Subject(s)
Benzene Derivatives/chemistry , Models, Chemical , Quantum Theory , Anions/chemistry , Molecular Structure
6.
Rev Neurol ; 26(152): 537-40, 1998 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9795999

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Studies of neural transplants in experimental models of Parkinson's disease have concentrated their attention on ectopic transplants of foetal mesencephalic cells to denervated striatum. However, the external globus pallidus has recently been shown to play an important part in the physiopathology of this disease. OBJECTIVE: Bearing in mind the importance of loss of extra-striatal dopamine in the genesis of the clinical signs found in parkinsonism, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foetal mesencephalic transplantation to the globus pallidus of hemiparkinsonian rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Following conventional transplantation methodolgy, suspensions of cells from the ventral mesencephalum of rat embryos (E-14) were implanted. The tissue was grafted into the striatum, pallidum-striatum and pallidum areas of rats with unilateral lesions of the striatonigral bundle. One, two, three and six months after transplantation, the rotatory activity induced by D-amphetamine was evaluated. The rotatory behaviour induced by apomorphine was evaluated at three months. Motor ability of the front legs was evaluated in all experimental groups three months after transplantation using the 'ladder test'. RESULTS: In the experimental groups in which a transplant was made to the globus pallidus there was a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in rotatory activity induced by D-amphetamine and by apomorphine as compared with the non-transplanted groups. CONCLUSIONS: Transplants of foetal dopaminergic cells survive in the globus pallidus of hemiparkinsonian rats and can improve the rotational activity induced by dopaminergic agonists.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic Agents/adverse effects , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Corpus Striatum/surgery , Fetal Tissue Transplantation , Globus Pallidus/drug effects , Globus Pallidus/surgery , Mesencephalon/embryology , Mesencephalon/transplantation , Oxidopamine/adverse effects , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced , Animals , Apomorphine/pharmacology , Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar
7.
J Neural Transm Suppl ; 53: 333-41, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9700669

ABSTRACT

Levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determinate in serum of intact rats (INT) and those with septohippocampal pathway lesion (SHPL), which received Cerebrolysin (CRB) or saline solution (SAL) for a week. We found that Cerebrolysin induces a decrease on the CAT and SOD levels. Decrease of CAT levels (19.1) in the group of SHPL-CRB was higher than the values obtained (57.3) in SHPL-SAL group. The lowest CAT levels were detected in the INT-CER group (16.7). The SOD levels obtained in SHPL-CER group (9.84) were also smaller than those obtained in the SHPL-SAL group (14.9) which showed the highest levels of SOD, while the INT animals showed the lowest levels (7.6). In addition, the SHPL animals mortality was of 18% for the CER group against 43% for SAL group. We suggest the Cerebrolysin effect on CAT and SOD activity is related with a beneficial antioxidative role which may have potential application on brain injury.


Subject(s)
Amino Acids/pharmacology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Nootropic Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Catalase/blood , Cats , Hippocampus/physiology , Male , Neural Pathways/physiology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Superoxide Dismutase/blood
8.
Rev Neurol ; 26(154): 1032-9, 1998 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9658489

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The progress made by contemporary neurobiology opens new horizons both for study and for treatment of disorders of the nervous system. At the present time we are in the age of growth factors. These are molecules which affect survival, development and the normal functioning of cell populations. DEVELOPMENT: One of the most widely studied growth factors is nervous growth factor (NGF) which is necessary for normal life of various types of neurones, including sensory nerves and nerves derived from the neural crests. Diabetic neuropathy, worldwide a major neurological disorder, is primarily characterized by involvement of the fine fibres for temperature and pain perception and also by a variety of autonomic disorders. The great dependence of sensory and sympathetic nerves on NGF, the quantity of results which show alterations in the levels of neurotrophic factors in diabetic neuropathy (DN), and the encouraging experimental and clinical results of using NGF as a new alternative to treatment with DN, were the basic reasons which led us to do this study. CONCLUSIONS: We started by considering neurotrophic factors, especially NGF and its connection with DN disorders and its clinical applications, we made a summary of the main findings in this field to date.


Subject(s)
Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology , Nerve Growth Factors/physiology , Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Animals , Calcitriol/pharmacology , Cell Transplantation , Chromaffin System/cytology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology , Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy , Diabetic Neuropathies/prevention & control , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Graft Survival/drug effects , Humans , Mice , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology , Nerve Growth Factors/therapeutic use , Nerve Regeneration/drug effects , Neural Crest/cytology , Neurons, Afferent/drug effects , Neurons, Afferent/physiology , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Rats , Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/drug effects , Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/physiology , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use , Streptozocin , Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology , Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology
9.
Rev Neurol ; 26(151): 361-5, 1998 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9585942

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Transplantation of foetal dopaminergic cells has been extensively used as restorative treatment for Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the survival, modifications in rotatory activity induced by D-amphetamine and total content of dopamine in the striatal and nigra regions of hemiparkinsonian rats which had had foetal mesencephalic cells simultaneously transplanted to the striatum and pars reticularis of the substancia nigra. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was done using adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 gms. The following experimental groups were formed, depending on the site of transplant: St: transplant to striatum (n = 2); SNr: transplant to SNr (n = 20), ST + Snr; transplant to striatum and SNr simultaneously n = 20; and control (lesion with no transplant) n = 20. We studied the rotatory activity induced by D-amphetamine 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after transplantation. After this time the rats were deeply anaesthetized and randomly allocated for morphological study or biochemical determination of the total dopamine content in the St and SNr using the HPLC technique. RESULTS: Study of conduct showed no significant differences in rotatory activity induced by D-amphetamine between the groups with intrastriatal transplants, but there was a difference between these and the SNr and control groups. Biochemical analysis showed that striatal DA content was significantly greater in the ST for the groups with intrastriatal transplants. The content of substancia nigra DA was significantly greater in the SNr of the ST + SNr group, followed by the ST group. Morphometric study showed differences, which were not significant, between ST transplanted animals and significant differences between the SNr transplanted group with a significant increase in survival of the SNr of the ST + SNr group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a positive effect due to intrastriatal transplants compared to survival following intranigral transplants.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Corpus Striatum/chemistry , Corpus Striatum/surgery , Dopamine/analysis , Dopamine/physiology , Fetal Tissue Transplantation/methods , Functional Laterality , Mesencephalon , Parkinson Disease/surgery , Substantia Nigra/chemistry , Substantia Nigra/surgery , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Cell Count , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Corpus Striatum/metabolism , Male , Mesencephalon/cytology , Mesencephalon/embryology , Mesencephalon/transplantation , Oxidopamine/pharmacokinetics , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Substantia Nigra/metabolism , Time Factors
10.
Rev Neurol ; 26(149): 28-33, 1998 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9533201

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive, slow loss of dopaminergic neurones in the substance nigra. Although the cause of this neurone loss is unknown, at the present time many papers suggest oxidative stress (OS), secondary to dopaminergic metabolism, as an aetiopathogenic factor of PD. Therefore study of the part played by OS in this would permit the use of antioxidants (AO) as another possibility for treatment of the disease. It would also be a major step forward in the search for possible biological markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study using spectrophotometric techniques was made of the serum levels of four biochemical indicators: catalase (CAT), malonyl aldehyde (MDA), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and Vitamin C (VITC) in controls and in patients with PD. We found the average value for each of the variables studied in controls and in patients, taking AO treatment into account. RESULTS: The effect of clinical variables on serum levels of CAT, MDA, PLA2 and VITC was analyzed. It was seen that only the clinical state of Hoen and Yahr was related to the biochemical indicators. The CAT activity and VITC concentration showed statistically significant differences between patients (independently of their AO treatment) and controls. The CAT activity was significantly less in those treated with AO. The patients with PD did not all have the same degree of OS. The effect of AO treatment on plasma markers showed changes only in one subgroup of Parkinson patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that AO treatment in this condition should be tailored to the individual patient according to the degree of OS present.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Vitamin E/pharmacology , Vitamin E/therapeutic use , Ascorbic Acid/blood , Biomarkers , Catalase/blood , Disease Progression , Humans , Malondialdehyde/blood , Parkinson Disease/enzymology , Phospholipases A/blood , Phospholipases A/metabolism , Phospholipases A2 , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Spectrophotometry/methods
11.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 8 p. graf.
Non-conventional in English | CUMED | ID: cum-14128

ABSTRACT

Summary. Levels of catalase (CAT) an superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determinate in serum of intac rats (INT) and those with septohippocampal pathway lesion (SHPL), which recieved Cerebrolysin (CRB) or saline solution (SAL) for a week. We found that Cerebrolysin induces a decrease on the CAT and SOD levels. Decrease of CAT levels (19.1) in the group of SHPL-CRB was higher than the values obtained (57.3) in SHPL-SAL group. The lowest CAT levels were detected in the INT-CER group (16.7). The SOD levels obtained in the SHPL-CER group (9.84) were also smaller than those obtained in SHPL-SAL group (14.9) which showed the highest levels of SOD, while the INT animals showed the lowest levels (7.6). In addition, the SHPL animals mortality was of 18 por ciento for the CER group against 43 por ciento for SAL group. We suggest the Cerebrolysin effect on CAT and SOD activity is related with a beneficial antioxidative role which may have potential application on brain injury(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Nootropic Agents , Rats , Antioxidants , Disease Models, Animal
12.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 5 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-14122

ABSTRACT

Introducci›n. El trasplante de c lulas dopamin rgicas fetales ha sido muy utilizado como terapia restauradora para la enfermedad de Parkinson. Objetivo. El presente trabajo se realiz› con el objetivo de estudiar la supervivencia, las modificaciones de la actividad rotatoria inducida por D-anfetamina y el contenido total de dopamina estriatal y nigral en ratas hemiparkinsonianas sometidas a trasplante de c lulas mesencefÿlicas fetales simultÿneamente en striatum y substantia pars reticulata. Material y m todo. El estudio se llev› a cabo en ratas adultas Wistar machos, de peso entre 200 y 250g. De acuerdo con el lugar del trasplante, se formaron los siguientes grupos experimentales: St: trasplante en striatum (n=20); SNr: trasplante en SNr (n=20); ST+SNr: trasplante en striatum y SNr simultÿneamente (n=20) y control (lesi›n sin trasplante) (n=20). Se estudi› la actividad rotatoria inducida por D-anfetamina 1, 2, 3 y 6 meses despu s del trasplante. Transcurrido este per­odo de tiempo, los sujetos fueron profundamente anestesiados y aleatoriamente dividos para estudio morfol›gico y determinaci›n bioqu­mica del contenido total de Dopamina en St y SNr por t cnica de HPLC. Resultados. El estudio conductual revel› que no existen diferencias significativas en la actividad rotatoria inducida por D-anfetamina entre los grupos con trasplante intraestriatal pero s­ entre stos y los grupos SNr y control. El anÿlisis bioqu­mico revel› que el contenido de DA estriatal es significativamente mayor en el ST de los grupos con trasplante intraestriatal y en el contenido de DA nigral es significativamente mayor en la SNr del grupo SN+SNr, seguida del grupo ST. El estudio morfom trico mostr› diferencias no significativas entre los ST trasplantados y s­ entre las SNr trasplantadas, con un aumento significativo de la supervivencia en la SNr del grupo ST+SNr. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren un efecto positivo del trasplante intraestriatal sobre la supervivencia del trasplante intranigral(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Fetal Tissue Transplantation , Parkinson Disease , Oxidopamine , Substantia Nigra , Dopamine
13.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 4 p. graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-13252

ABSTRACT

Introducci›n. Los estudios de trasplante neural en modelos experimentales de enfermedad de Parkinson han focalizado su atenci›n sobre los trasplantes ect›picos de c lulas mesencefÿlicas fetales en el estriado denervado. Sin embargo, recientemente se ha demostrado la importancia del globus palidus externo, en la fisiopatolog­a de esta enfermedad. Objetivo. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia que pudiera tener la p rdida de dopamina extraestriatal en la g nesis de los signos que acompa an al parkinsonismo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del trasplante mesencefÿlico fetal en el globus pallidus de ratas hemiparkinsonianas. Material y m todos. Se implantaron suspensiones celulares de tejido mesencefÿlico ventral de embriones de ratas (E-14) siguiendo una metodolog­a de trasplane convencional. El tejido fue injertado en estriado, pÿlido-estriado y pÿlido de rtas con lesi›n unilateral de la v­a nigroestriatal. Uno, dos tres y seis meses despu s del trasplante se evalu› la actividad rotatoria inducida por D-anfetamina. La conducta de giro inducida por apomorfina fue evaluada al tercer mes. Las habilidades motoras de las extremidades anteriores fueron evaluadas en todos los grupos experimentales donde se realiz› trasplante en el globus pallidus se observ› una disminuci›n significativa (p<0,01) de la actividad rotatoria inducida por D-anfetamina y por apomorfina con respecto a los gruppos no trasplantados. Conclusiones. Los trasplantes de c lulas dopamin rgicas fetales sobreviven en el globus pallidus de ratas hemiparkinsonianas y son capaces de mejorar la actividad rotacional incluida por agonistas dopamin rgicos(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Apomorphine , Oxidopamine , Dextroamphetamine , Globus Pallidus , Rats , Parkinson Disease , Fetal Tissue Transplantation
14.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 6 p. tab, graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-13250

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo. La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se caracteriza por una pérdida lenta y progresiva de las neuronas dopaminérgicas localizadas en la sustancia nigra. Aunque no se conoce la causa de la pérdida neuronal, en la actualidad es frecuente encontrar trabajos que proponen el estrés oxidativo (EO), secundario al metabolismo dopaminérgico, como factor etiopatogénico en la EP; por tanto, profundizar en el conocimiento del papel que desempeña el EO en ésta permitirá utilizar los antioxidantes (AO) como una alternativa más en el tratamiento de la enfermedad, además de constituir un paso importante en la búsqueda de posibles marcadores biológicos. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de los niveles séricos de cuatro indicadores bioquímicos: catalasa (CAT), malonilaldehido (MDA), fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2) y vitamina C (VITC) en controles y pacientes con EP mediante técnicas espectrofotométricas. Se determinó la media para cada una de las variables estudiadas en controles y pacientes tomando en consideración el tratamiento AO. Resultados. Se analizó la influencia de las variables clínicas sobre los niveles séricos de la CAT, MDA, PLA2 y VITC y se observó que sólo el estadio clínico de Hoen y Yahr estaba relacionado con los indicadores bioquímicos. La actividad de la CAT y la concentración de VITC presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes (independientemente del tratamiento AO) y controles, siendo la actividad CAT significativamente menor en los tratados con AO. Todos los pacientes con EP no presentaron el mismo grado de EO; la influencia del tratamiento AO sobre los indicadores séricos sólo mostró diferencias en un subgrupo de parkinsonianos. Conclusiones. Nuestro estudio sugiere que el tratamiento AO en esta enfermedad debe ser individualizado y en concordancia con el grado de EO que presente el paciente (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxidative Stress , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Antioxidants , Catalase , Phospholipases A , Ascorbic Acid
15.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 8 p.
Non-conventional in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-13248

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El desarrollo alcanzado por la neurobiología contemporánea abrió nuevos horizontes tanto para el estudio como para el tratamiento de afecciones del sistema nervioso. En el presente, nos encontramos inmersos en la era de los factores de crecimiento, moléculas cuyo efecto modula fenómenos como la supervivencia, el desarrollo y el funcionamiento normal de poblaciones celulares. Desarrollo. Entre los factores de crecimiento más ampliamente estudiados se puede señalar el factor de crecimiento nervioso (NGF), compuesto necesario para la vida normal de variados tipos neuronales, entre los que se puede mencionar las neuronas sensoriales y simpáticas derivadas de las crestas neurales. La neuropatía diabética, afección neurológica de elevada incidencia a nivel mundial, se caracteriza primariamente por la afección de fibras finas encargadas de la percepción térmica y dolorosa, así como por variadas disfunciones autonómicas. La elevada dependencia de las neuronas sensoriales y simpáticas por el NGF, el cúmulo de resultados que evidencian alteraciones en los niveles del factor neurotrófico en la neuropatía diabética (ND), así como los alentadores resultados experimentales y también clínicos del empleo del NGF como novedosa alternativa en el tratamiento de la ND, constituyen los puntos de partida fundamentales para la realización del presente trabajo. Conclusiones. Comenzando por abundar sobre factores neurotróficos y en especial sobre el NGF, argumentando su vínculo con las afecciones que tienen lugar en la ND y llegando hasta sus aplicaciones clínicas, pretendemos exponer de forma resumida los principales hallazgos que existen sobre la temática en cuestión hasta el presente (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Nerve Growth Factors , Diabetic Neuropathies , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
16.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 4 p. graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-13213

ABSTRACT

Introducci›n. Los estudios de trasplante neural en modelos experimentales de enfermedad de Parkinson han focalizado su atenci›n sobre los trasplantes ect›picos de c lulas mesencefÿlicas fetales en el estriado denervado. Sin embargo, recientemente se ha demostrado la importancia del globus palidus externo, en la fisiopatolog­a de esta enfermedad. Objetivo. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia que pudiera tener la p rdida de dopamina extraestriatal en la g nesis de los signos que acompa an al parkinsonismo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del trasplante mesencefÿlico fetal en el globus pallidus de ratas hemiparkinsonianas. Material y m todos. Se implantaron suspensiones celulares de tejido mesencefÿlico ventral de embriones de ratas (E-14) siguiendo una metodolog­a de trasplane convencional. El tejido fue injertado en estriado, pÿlido-estriado y pÿlido de rtas con lesi›n unilateral de la v­a nigroestriatal. Uno, dos tres y seis meses despu s del trasplante se evalu› la actividad rotatoria inducida por D-anfetamina. La conducta de giro inducida por apomorfina fue evaluada al tercer mes. Las habilidades motoras de las extremidades anteriores fueron evaluadas en todos los grupos experimentales donde se realiz› trasplante en el globus pallidus se observ› una disminuci›n significativa (p<0,01) de la actividad rotatoria inducida por D-anfetamina y por apomorfina con respecto a los gruppos no trasplantados. Conclusiones. Los trasplantes de c lulas dopamin rgicas fetales sobreviven en el globus pallidus de ratas hemiparkinsonianas y son capaces de mejorar la actividad rotacional incluida por agonistas dopamin rgicos(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Apomorphine , Oxidopamine , Dextroamphetamine , Globus Pallidus , Rats , Parkinson Disease , Fetal Tissue Transplantation
17.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 6 p. tab, graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-13211

ABSTRACT

Introducci›n y objetivo. La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se caracteriza por una p rdida lenta y progresiva de las neuronas dopamin rgicas localizadas en la sustancia nigra. Aunque no se conoce la causa de la p rdida neuronal, en la actualidad es frecuente encontrar trabajos que proponen el estr s oxidativo (EO), secundario al metabolismo dopamin rgico, como factor etiopatog nico en la EP; por tanto, profundizar en el conocimiento del papel que desempe a el EO en sta permitirÿ utilizar los antioxidantes (AO) como una alternativa mÿs en el tratamiento de la enfermedad, ademÿs de constituir un paso importante en la bœsqueda de posibles marcadores biol›gicos. Material y m todos. Se realiz› un estudio de los niveles s ricos de cuatro indicadores bioqu­micos: catalasa (CAT), malonilaldehido (MDA), fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2) y vitamina C (VITC) en controles y pacientes con EP mediante t cnicas espectrofotom tricas. Se determin› la media para cada una de las variables estudiadas en controles y pacientes tomando en consideraci›n el tratamiento AO. Resultados. Se analiz› la influencia de las variables cl­nicas sobre los niveles s ricos de la CAT, MDA, PLA2 y VITC y se observ› que s›lo el estadio cl­nico de Hoen y Yahr estaba relacionado con los indicadores bioqu­micos. La actividad de la CAT y la concentraci›n de VITC presentaron diferencias estad­sticamente significativas entre pacientes (independientemente del tratamiento AO) y controles, siendo la actividad CAT significativamente menor en los tratados con AO. Todos los pacientes con EP no presentaron el mismo grado de EO; la influencia del tratamiento AO sobre los indicadores s ricos s›lo mostr› diferencias en un subgrupo de parkinsonianos. Conclusiones. Nuestro estudio sugiere que el tratamiento AO en esta enfermedad debe ser individualizado y en concordancia con el grado de EO que presente el paciente(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxidative Stress , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Antioxidants , Catalase , Phospholipases A , Ascorbic Acid
18.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 8 p.
Non-conventional in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-13209

ABSTRACT

Introducci›n. El desarrollo alcanzado por la neurobiolog­a contemporÿnea abri› nuevos horizontes tanto para el estudio como para el tratamiento de afecciones del sistema nervioso. En el presente, nos encontramos inmersos en la era de los factores de crecimiento, mol culas cuyo efecto modula fen›menos como la supervivencia, el desarrollo y el funcionamiento normal de poblaciones celulares. Desarrollo. Entre los factores de crecimiento mÿs ampliamente estudiados se puede se alar el factor de crecimiento nervioso (NGF), compuesto necesario para la vida normal de variados tipos neuronales, entre los que se puede mencionar las neuronas sensoriales y simpÿticas derivadas de las crestas neurales. La neuropat­a diab tica, afecci›n neurol›gica de elevada incidencia a nivel mundial, se caracteriza primariamente por la afecci›n de fibras finas encargadas de la percepci›n t rmica y dolorosa, as­ como por variadas disfunciones auton›micas. La elevada dependencia de las neuronas sensoriales y simpÿticas por el NGF, el cœmulo de resultados que evidencian alteraciones en los niveles del factor neurotr›fico en la neuropat­a diab tica (ND), as­ como los alentadores resultados experimentales y tambi n cl­nicos del empleo del NGF como novedosa alternativa en el tratamiento de la ND, constituyen los puntos de partida fundamentales para la realizaci›n del presente trabajo. Conclusiones. Comenzando por abundar sobre factores neurotr›ficos y en especial sobre el NGF, argumentando su v­nculo con las afecciones que tienen lugar en la ND y llegando hasta sus aplicaciones cl­nicas, pretendemos exponer de forma resumida los principales hallazgos que existen sobre la temÿtica en cuesti›n hasta el presente(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Nerve Growth Factors , Diabetic Neuropathies , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
19.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 6 p. tab, graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-12991

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo. La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se caracteriza por una pérdida lenta y progresiva de las neuronas dopaminérgicas localizadas en la sustancia nigra. Aunque no se conoce la causa de la pérdida neuronal, en la actualidad es frecuente encontrar trabajos que proponen el estrés oxidativo (EO), secundario al metabolismo dopaminérgico, como factor etiopatogénico en la EP; por tanto, profundizar en el conocimiento del papel que desempeña el EO en ésta permitirá utilizar los antioxidantes (AO) como una alternativa más en el tratamiento de la enfermedad, además de constituir un paso importante en la búsqueda de posibles marcadores biológicos. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de los niveles séricos de cuatro indicadores bioquímicos: catalasa (CAT), malonilaldehido (MDA), fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2) y vitamina C (VITC) en controles y pacientes con EP mediante técnicas espectrofotométricas. Se determinó la media para cada una de las variables estudiadas en controles y pacientes tomando en consideración el tratamiento AO. Resultados. Se analizó la influencia de las variables clínicas sobre los niveles séricos de la CAT, MDA, PLA2 y VITC y se observó que sólo el estadio clínico de Hoen y Yahr estaba relacionado con los indicadores bioquímicos. La actividad de la CAT y la concentración de VITC presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes (independientemente del tratamiento AO) y controles, siendo la actividad CAT significativamente menor en los tratados con AO. Todos los pacientes con EP no presentaron el mismo grado de EO; la influencia del tratamiento AO sobre los indicadores séricos sólo mostró diferencias en un subgrupo de parkinsonianos. Conclusiones. Nuestro estudio sugiere que el tratamiento AO en esta enfermedad debe ser individualizado y en concordancia con el grado de EO que presente el paciente (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxidative Stress , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Antioxidants , Catalase , Phospholipases A , Ascorbic Acid
20.
La Habana; s.n; 1998. 8 p.
Non-conventional in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-12989

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El desarrollo alcanzado por la neurobiología contemporánea abrió nuevos horizontes tanto para el estudio como para el tratamiento de afecciones del sistema nervioso. En el presente, nos encontramos inmersos en la era de los factores de crecimiento, moléculas cuyo efecto modula fenómenos como la supervivencia, el desarrollo y el funcionamiento normal de poblaciones celulares. Desarrollo. Entre los factores de crecimiento más ampliamente estudiados se puede señalar el factor de crecimiento nervioso (NGF), compuesto necesario para la vida normal de variados tipos neuronales, entre los que se puede mencionar las neuronas sensoriales y simpáticas derivadas de las crestas neurales. La neuropatía diabética, afección neurológica de elevada incidencia a nivel mundial, se caracteriza primariamente por la afección de fibras finas encargadas de la percepción térmica y dolorosa, así como por variadas disfunciones autonómicas. La elevada dependencia de las neuronas sensoriales y simpáticas por el NGF, el cúmulo de resultados que evidencian alteraciones en los niveles del factor neurotrófico en la neuropatía diabética (ND), así como los alentadores resultados experimentales y también clínicos del empleo del NGF como novedosa alternativa en el tratamiento de la ND, constituyen los puntos de partida fundamentales para la realización del presente trabajo. Conclusiones. Comenzando por abundar sobre factores neurotróficos y en especial sobre el NGF, argumentando su vínculo con las afecciones que tienen lugar en la ND y llegando hasta sus aplicaciones clínicas, pretendemos exponer de forma resumida los principales hallazgos que existen sobre la temática en cuestión hasta el presente (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Nerve Growth Factors , Diabetic Neuropathies , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
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