[Impact of malnutrition on long-term mortality in outpatients with chronic heart failure]. / Influencia de la desnutrición sobre la mortalidad a largo plazo en pacientes ambulatorios con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica.

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition is common among acute heart failure patients and its prognosis impact has been established. The prognosis role of undernutrition among chronic heart failure patients is not known. Objetive:The aim of this study were to evaluate the influence of nutritional status on long-term mortality in patients with chronic hear failure. METHODS: 304 consecutively patients attended in our Heart failure Unit from November 2011 to November 2016 were prospectively analysed. A global nutritional assessment was performed and the states of undernutrition and at risk of malnutrition were assessment by the Mini Nutritional Assessment test. Their possible independent association with mortality was analyzed by Cox multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 74.6 ± 10.1 years, 41.1% were female and the most frequent aetiology was ischemic heart disease (39.1%). 11.5% of the patients were classified as undernourished and 38.2% were classified as at risk of malnutrition. The remaining 50.3% were classified by the MNA as adequate nutritional status. After 28 months (median of follow-up), mortality was 68.9%, 33.3% and 15.2%, respectively (Log-rank, p < 0.001). When Cox multivariate analysis was performed, the state of undernutrition was an independent predictor of mortality (Hazard ratio 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.55-4.81; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of undernutrition and risk of malnutrition reaches high levels in chronic heart failure patients. Moreover, the state of undernutrition by Mini Nutritional Assessment score is an independent predictor of mortality in these patients.

Influencia de la desnutrición sobre la mortalidad a largo plazo en pacientes ambulatorios con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica / Impact of malnutrition on long-term mortality in outpatients with chronic heart failure

Introducción: la desnutrición es frecuente entre los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y su papel pronóstico ha quedado establecido, no así en el paciente con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica estable. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia del estado nutricional sobre la mortalidad a largo plazo en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica estable. Métodos: se analizaron prospectivamente 304 pacientes atendidos consecutivamente en la Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de nuestro centro, entre noviembre de 2011 y noviembre de 2016. Se ejecutó una completa valoración nutricional y se realizó el diagnóstico de desnutrición y riesgo de desnutrición mediante la encuesta Mini Nutritional Assessment. Su posible asociación independiente con la mortalidad se valoró mediante un análisis multivariante de Cox. Resultados: la edad media fue 74,6 ± 10,1 años. El 41,1% fueron mujeres y la etiología más frecuente fue la isquémica (39,1%). El 11,5% de los pacientes fueron clasificados como desnutridos, el 38,2% en riesgo de desnutrición y el 50,3% bien nutridos. A los 28 meses (mediana de seguimiento), la mortalidad en los tres grupos fue 68,9%, 33,3% y 15,2%, respectivamente (Log-rank, p < 0,001). En el análisis multivariante de Cox, el estado de desnutrición resultó ser un predictor independiente de mortalidad (Hazard ratio 2,73; intervalo de confianza 95%, 1,55-4,81; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: la desnutrición y el riesgo de desnutrición alcanzan una prevalencia elevada en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica. Además, el estado de desnutrición definido mediante la encuesta Mini Nutritional Assessment es un predictor independiente de mortalidad en estos pacientes (AU)

Background: Undernutrition is common among acute heart failure patients and its prognosis impact has been established. The prognosis role of undernutrition among chronic heart failure patients is not known. Objetive: The aim of this study were to evaluate the influence of nutritional status on long-term mortality in patients with chronic hear failure. Methods: 304 consecutively patients attended in our Heart failure Unit from November 2011 to November 2016 were prospectively analysed. A global nutritional assessment was performed and the states of undernutrition and at risk of malnutrition were assessment by the Mini Nutritional Assessment test. Their possible independent association with mortality was analyzed by Cox multivariate analysis. Results: The mean age was 74.6 ± 10.1 years, 41.1% were female and the most frequent aetiology was ischemic heart disease (39.1%). 11.5% of the patients were classified as undernourished and 38.2% were classified as at risk of malnutrition. The remaining 50.3% were classified by the MNA as adequate nutritional status. After 28 months (median of follow-up), mortality was 68.9%, 33.3% and 15.2%, respectively (Log-rank, p < 0.001). When Cox multivariate analysis was performed, the state of undernutrition was an independent predictor of mortality (Hazard ratio 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.55-4.81; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of undernutrition and risk of malnutrition reaches high levels in chronic heart failure patients. Moreover, the state of undernutrition by Mini Nutritional Assessment score is an independent predictor of mortality in these patients (AU)

El colesterol total predice la mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes de 70 años o mayores hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda / Total cholesterol levels predict in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure aged 70 years or older

Introducción y objetivo. En insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) crónica y aguda, bajas concentraciones de colesterol total (CT) se han asociado con un incremento de la mortalidad. Este estudio pretende evaluar el impacto del CT sobre la mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes de 70 años o mayores hospitalizados por IC aguda. Métodos. Los pacientes fueron divididos en 3 grupos según el valor de los cuartiles (Q) de CT (mg/dl): Q1 (CT ≤ 125), Q2-Q3 (CT: 126-174), Q4 (CT ≥ 175). Para valorar la asociación independiente de cada variable con la hipocolesterolemia y con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria se realizaron sendos análisis de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados. Se analizó a 301 pacientes. La edad media fue 79,3±5,5 años, el 51,2% presentaron una función sistólica deprimida y la etiología más frecuente fue la isquémica (40,9%). Se asociaron de forma independiente con la hipocolesterolemia una mayor proteína C reactiva, cifras menores de albúmina sérica y de hemoglobina y una menor fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo. Durante el ingreso fallecieron 26 pacientes (8,6%). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria decreció progresivamente en cada cuartil del CT: Q1 14,3%, Q2-Q3 8,7% y Q4 2,7% (p=0,04), y se asoció de forma independiente con cifras mayores de creatinina sérica y menores de albúmina sérica y de CT. Conclusión. Cifras más bajas de CT predicen de forma independiente un incremento de la mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes ancianos hospitalizados por IC aguda. Una mayor actividad inflamatoria, asociada a la hipocolesterolemia en este contexto clínico, podría explicar la asociación inversa entre colesterol y mortalidad (AU)

Introduction and purpose. Lower total cholesterol (TC) levels have been associated with increased mortality In both acute and chronic heart failure (HF) patients. The present study sought to evaluate the impact of TC levels on in-hospital mortality in patients with acute HF aged 70 years or older. Methods. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on TC (mg/dL) quartiles (Q) as follow: Q1 (CT≤125), Q2-Q3 (CT 126-174), Q4 (CT≥175). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of each variable with hypocholesterolaemia and in-hospital mortality. Results. The analysis included 301 patients with acute HF. The mean age was 79.3±5.5 years, and 51.2% of patients had HF with depressed systolic function, and the most frequent aetiology was ischaemic heart disease (40.9%). Higher C-reactive protein levels, lower levels of serum albumin and haemoglobin, and lower left ventricle ejection fraction were independently associated with hypocholesterolaemia. There 26 deaths (8.6% of the series) during hospitalization. In-hospital mortality decreased in a stepwise fashion with increasing quartile of TC: Q1 14.3%, Q2-Q3 8.7% and Q4 2.7% (P=.04), and was independently associated with higher serum creatinine levels and lower serum albumin and TC levels. Conclusions. Lower TC levels independently predict increased in-hospital mortality risk in older patients with acute HF. A higher inflammatory activity, associated with a lower total cholesterol in this clinical setting may explain the inverse relationship between cholesterol and mortality (AU)

[Total cholesterol levels predict in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure aged 70 years or older]. / El colesterol total predice la mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes de 70 años o mayores hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda.

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: Lower total cholesterol (TC) levels have been associated with increased mortality In both acute and chronic heart failure (HF) patients. The present study sought to evaluate the impact of TC levels on in-hospital mortality in patients with acute HF aged 70 years or older. METHODS: Patients were divided into 3 groups based on TC (mg/dL) quartiles (Q) as follow: Q1 (CT≤125), Q2-Q3 (CT 126-174), Q4 (CT≥175). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of each variable with hypocholesterolaemia and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: The analysis included 301 patients with acute HF. The mean age was 79.3±5.5 years, and 51.2% of patients had HF with depressed systolic function, and the most frequent aetiology was ischaemic heart disease (40.9%). Higher C-reactive protein levels, lower levels of serum albumin and haemoglobin, and lower left ventricle ejection fraction were independently associated with hypocholesterolaemia. There 26 deaths (8.6% of the series) during hospitalization. In-hospital mortality decreased in a stepwise fashion with increasing quartile of TC: Q1 14.3%, Q2-Q3 8.7% and Q4 2.7% (P=.04), and was independently associated with higher serum creatinine levels and lower serum albumin and TC levels. CONCLUSIONS: Lower TC levels independently predict increased in-hospital mortality risk in older patients with acute HF. A higher inflammatory activity, associated with a lower total cholesterol in this clinical setting may explain the inverse relationship between cholesterol and mortality.