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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 38(3)may.-jun. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-224378

ABSTRACT

Background: the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is widely used to evaluate the association of abdominal obesity with myocardial infarction (MI). Objective: our aim was to determine whether WHR-associated risk provides a bias. Methods: a case-control study in 252 men. Stratification was used as an approach for removing bias effects. We created a baseline covariate (WHR0.95-0.99) from a new matched sample in the stratum between 0.95 and 0.99. This stratum coincides with the overlap area of the distribution, where all subjects have a similar propensity score. We considered other covariate (WHRS), conditioned on WHR < 1 and waist circumference (WC) being assigned a spurious risk. We hypothesized that subtracting hip circumference from WC (WHD) can be essential to observe the confounding effect provided by WHR. Results: BMI: AUC: 0.694, 95 % CI (0.628-0.760); OR: 3.8. WC: AUC: 0.743, 95 % CI (0.681-0.805); OR: 5.7. WHR: AUC: 0.798, 95 % CI (0.740-0.855); OR: 8.6. Waist-height ratio (WHtR): AUC: 0.782, 95 % CI (0.724-0.840); OR: 8.5. WHD: AUC: 0.204, 95 % CI (0.146-0.261); OR: 0.36. Prevalence in cases: WHR ≥ 0.95 (84.1 % vs. 38 %; OR: 8.6); WHR < 1 (36.3 % vs. 85.7 %; OR: 2.3); WHR ≥ 1 (63.4 % vs. 14.2 %; OR: 4.4); WC ≥ 94.4 (71.4 % vs. 30.1 %; OR: 5.7); WHD ≥ 2.2 (27.7 % vs. 75.3 %; OR: 7.9); WHRs (50 % vs. 25 %; OR: 2). Conclusions: WHR provides an association bias in MI cases. This can be extrapolated to other study populations. The bias is explained by a mathematical misconception where the protective effect of HC is overestimated concerning WC and height. The risk associated with WHR as higher than that associated with WC and WHtR entails anthropometric inconsistency and bias, to the extent of becoming epidemiologically false. (AU)


Antecedentes: el índice cintura-cadera (ICC) se utiliza ampliamente para evaluar la asociación de la obesidad abdominal con el infarto de miocardio (IM). Objetivo: nuestro propósito era determinar si el riesgo asociado a la ICC produce sesgo. Métodos: estudio de casos y controles en 252 varones. Usamos la estratificación como criterio para eliminar los efectos del sesgo. Creamos una covariable basal (ICC0,95-0,99) para una nueva muestra emparejada en el estrato de valores entre 0,95 y 0,99. Este estrato coincide con el área común de solapamiento de la distribución de puntos, donde todos los sujetos tienen un índice de propensión similar. Consideramos otra covariable (ICCS) condicionada en ICC < 1 y una circunferencia de cintura (CC) donde la asignación de riesgo fuera espúrea. Hipotetizamos que restando CC del valor de la cadera se calculaba otra variable aritmética (DCC) que podría ser esencial para evidenciar el efecto de confusion que genera el ICC. Resultados: IMC: ABC: 0,694, IC 95 % (0,628-0,760); OR: 3,8. CC: ABC: 0,743, IC 95 % (0,681-0,805); OR: 5,7. ICC: ABC: 0,798, IC 95 % (0,740-0,855); OR: 8,6. Índice cintura-talla (ICT): ABC: 0,782, IC 95 % (0,724-0,840); OR: 8,5. DCC: ABC: 0,204, IC 95 % (0,146-0,261); OR: 0,36. Prevalencia en los casos: ICC ≥ 0,95 (84,1 % vs. 38 %; OR: 8,6); ICC < 1 (36,3 % vs. 85,7 %; OR: 2,3); ICC ≥ 1 (63,4 % vs. 14,2 %; OR: 4,4); CC ≥ 94,4 (71,4 % vs. 30,1 %; OR: 5,7); DCC ≥ 2,2 (27,7 % vs. 75,3 %; OR: 7,9); ICCs (50 % vs. 25 %; OR: 2). Conclusiones: el ICC produce un sesgo de asociación en los casos de IM. Ello puede extrapolarse a otras poblaciones de estudio. El sesgo se explica por un error de concepto matemático que sobreestima el efecto protector de la cadera con respecto a la CC y la altura. El riesgo asociado al ICC por encima del de la CC o el ICT presenta inconsistencia antropométrica y sesgo, llegando a ser epidemiológicamente falso. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Waist-Hip Ratio/statistics & numerical data , Case-Control Studies , Risk Assessment , Mathematical Concepts , Bias
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 38(3): 502-510, 2021 Jun 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33757289

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Antecedentes: el índice cintura-cadera (ICC) se utiliza ampliamente para evaluar la asociación de la obesidad abdominal con el infarto de miocardio (IM). Objetivo: nuestro propósito era determinar si el riesgo asociado a la ICC produce sesgo. Métodos: estudio de casos y controles en 252 varones. Usamos la estratificación como criterio para eliminar los efectos del sesgo. Creamos una covariable basal (ICC0,95-0,99) para una nueva muestra emparejada en el estrato de valores entre 0,95 y 0,99. Este estrato coincide con el área común de solapamiento de la distribución de puntos, donde todos los sujetos tienen un índice de propensión similar. Consideramos otra covariable (ICCS) condicionada en ICC < 1 y una circunferencia de cintura (CC) donde la asignación de riesgo fuera espúrea. Hipotetizamos que restando CC del valor de la cadera se calculaba otra variable aritmética (DCC) que podría ser esencial para evidenciar el efecto de confusion que genera el ICC. Resultados: IMC: ABC: 0,694, IC 95 % (0,628-0,760); OR: 3,8. CC: ABC: 0,743, IC 95 % (0,681-0,805); OR: 5,7. ICC: ABC: 0,798, IC 95 % (0,740-0,855); OR: 8,6. Índice cintura-talla (ICT): ABC: 0,782, IC 95 % (0,724-0,840); OR: 8,5. DCC: ABC: 0,204, IC 95 % (0,146-0,261); OR: 0,36. Prevalencia en los casos: ICC ≥ 0,95 (84,1 % vs. 38 %; OR: 8,6); ICC < 1 (36,3 % vs. 85,7 %; OR: 2,3); ICC ≥ 1 (63,4 % vs. 14,2 %; OR: 4,4); CC ≥ 94,4 (71,4 % vs. 30,1 %; OR: 5,7); DCC ≥ 2,2 (27,7 % vs. 75,3 %; OR: 7,9); ICCs (50 % vs. 25 %; OR: 2). Conclusiones: el ICC produce un sesgo de asociación en los casos de IM. Ello puede extrapolarse a otras poblaciones de estudio. El sesgo se explica por un error de concepto matemático que sobreestima el efecto protector de la cadera con respecto a la CC y la altura. El riesgo asociado al ICC por encima del de la CC o el ICT presenta inconsistencia antropométrica y sesgo, llegando a ser epidemiológicamente falso.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Background: the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is widely used to evaluate the association of abdominal obesity with myocardial infarction (MI). Objective: our aim was to determine whether WHR-associated risk provides a bias. Methods: a case-control study in 252 men. Stratification was used as an approach for removing bias effects. We created a baseline covariate (WHR0.95-0.99) from a new matched sample in the stratum between 0.95 and 0.99. This stratum coincides with the overlap area of the distribution, where all subjects have a similar propensity score. We considered other covariate (WHRS), conditioned on WHR < 1 and waist circumference (WC) being assigned a spurious risk. We hypothesized that subtracting hip circumference from WC (WHD) can be essential to observe the confounding effect provided by WHR. Results: BMI: AUC: 0.694, 95 % CI (0.628-0.760); OR: 3.8. WC: AUC: 0.743, 95 % CI (0.681-0.805); OR: 5.7. WHR: AUC: 0.798, 95 % CI (0.740-0.855); OR: 8.6. Waist-height ratio (WHtR): AUC: 0.782, 95 % CI (0.724-0.840); OR: 8.5. WHD: AUC: 0.204, 95 % CI (0.146-0.261); OR: 0.36. Prevalence in cases: WHR ≥ 0.95 (84.1 % vs. 38 %; OR: 8.6); WHR < 1 (36.3 % vs. 85.7 %; OR: 2.3); WHR ≥ 1 (63.4 % vs. 14.2 %; OR: 4.4); WC ≥ 94.4 (71.4 % vs. 30.1 %; OR: 5.7); WHD ≥ 2.2 (27.7 % vs. 75.3 %; OR: 7.9); WHRs (50 % vs. 25 %; OR: 2). Conclusions: WHR provides an association bias in MI cases. This can be extrapolated to other study populations. The bias is explained by a mathematical misconception where the protective effect of HC is overestimated concerning WC and height. The risk associated with WHR as higher than that associated with WC and WHtR entails anthropometric inconsistency and bias, to the extent of becoming epidemiologically false.


Subject(s)
Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Waist-Hip Ratio/statistics & numerical data , Bias , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Male , Mathematical Concepts , Risk Assessment
3.
Arch. med. deporte ; 36(194): 350-355, nov.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-187293

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to realize an anthropometric analysis to identify both the association and plausibility of measurements and indicators of general obesity and whole-body fat on the risk prediction for myocardial infarction (MI) in men. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A case-control study in 244 European men aged 30-74 years was conducted. We measured weight, height, waist and hip perimeters and skinfolds: triceps, subscapular and supraspinale, according to standardized protocols. We calculated the areas under the ROC curves, the odds ratios and correlations for indicators. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) [AUC: 0.687, 95% CI (0.619-0.715); OR: 3.5]. Waist circumference (WC) [AUC: 0.742, 95% CI (0.679-0.805); OR: 5.9]. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) [AUC: 0.780, 95% CI (0.721-0.839); OR: 8.4]. Endomorphy [AUC: 0.721, 95% CI (0.656-0.785); OR: 2.4]. Body fat percentage (%BF) [AUC: 0.774, 95% CI (0.714-0.834); OR: 10.2]. Lean body mass (LBM) [AUC: 0.490, 95% CI (0.413-0.568); OR: 1]. BMI correlated with %BF (0.84), endomorphy (0.80), WC (0.69), WHtR (0.72) and LBM (0.65). WHtR correlated with WC (0.97), %BF (0.92), endomorphy (0.62) and LBM (0.32). %BF correlated with WC (0.86) and endomorphy (0.78). The correlations between WHtR and body fat-associated indicators were strong (all r ≥ 0.62, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In MI men, body fat-associated indicators show different discriminative ability. BMI-defined obesity presents moderate discrimination and anthropometric association bias that do not lent support their suitability as risk predictor. Abdo-minal adiposity and whole-body fat percentage show the highest discriminative abilities and robust anthropometric reasons related with the true biological risk. We defend the use of WHtR as concept of risk volume and individual visceral adiposity for the early identification of adult men at risk of myocardial infarction


INTRODUCCIÓN: Nuestro objetivo era realizar un análisis por antropometría para identificar la asociación y plausibilidad de mediciones e indicadores de obesidad general y grasa corporal total en la predicción de riesgo de infarto en varones. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio caso-control en 244 varones de 30 a 74 años de edad. Medimos peso y talla, perímetros de cintura y cadera, y pliegues de triceps, subescapular y supraespinal, según protocolos estandarizados. Obtuvimos las áreas bajo la curva ROC y las odds ratios para la asociación de indicadores. RESULTADOS: índice de masa corporal (IMC) [ABC: 0,687, 95% CI (0,619-0,715); OR: 3,5]. Circunferencia de cintura (CC) [ABC: 0,742, 95% CI (0,679-0,805); OR: 5,9]. Índice cintura-talla (ICT) [ABC: 0,780, 95% CI (0,721-0,839); OR: 8.4]. Endomorfia [ABC: 0,721, 95% CI (0,656-0,785); OR: 2,4]. Porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC%) [ABC: 0,774, 95% CI (0,714-0,834); OR: 10,2]. Masa magra (MM) [ABC: 0,490, 95% CI (0,413-0,568); OR: 1]. IMC correlacionó con GC% (0,84), endomorfia (0,80), CC (0,69), ICT (0,72) y MM (0,65). ICT correlacionó con CC (0,97), GC% (0,92), endomorfia (0,62) y MM (0,32). GC% correlacionó con CC (0,86) y endomorfia (0,78). Las correlaciones entre ICT y los indicadores asociados a la grasa corporal fueron fuertes (todas r ≥ 0,62, p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: En los varones infartados, los indicadores asociados a la grasa corporal muestran diferente capacidad discriminativa. El IMC presenta moderada discriminación y sesgos de asociación antropométrica que no avalan su idoneidad como predictor de riesgo. La obesidad abdominal y el porcentaje de grasa corporal muestran las mayores capacidades discriminativas y robustas razones antropométricas relacionadas con el verdadero riesgo biológico. Nosotros defendemos el uso del índice cintura-talla como concepto de volumen de riesgo y adiposidad visceral individual para la temprana identificación de varones adultos en riesgo de infarto de miocardio


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Obesity/complications , Obesity/physiopathology , Body Fat Distribution , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Intra-Abdominal Fat/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Case-Control Studies
4.
Front Neurosci ; 13: 267, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30949025

ABSTRACT

The present work explores the diagnostic performance for depression of neural network classifiers analyzing the sound structures of laughter as registered from clinical patients and healthy controls. The main methodological novelty of this work is that simple sound variables of laughter are used as inputs, instead of electrophysiological signals or local field potentials (LFPs) or spoken language utterances, which are the usual protocols up-to-date. In the present study, involving 934 laughs from 30 patients and 20 controls, four different neural networks models were tested for sensitivity analysis, and were additionally trained for depression detection. Some elementary sound variables were extracted from the records: timing, fundamental frequency mean, first three formants, average power, and the Shannon-Wiener entropy. In the results obtained, two of the neural networks show a diagnostic discrimination capability of 93.02 and 91.15% respectively, while the third and fourth ones have an 87.96 and 82.40% percentage of success. Remarkably, entropy turns out to be a fundamental variable to distinguish between patients and controls, and this is a significant factor which becomes essential to understand the deep neurocognitive relationships between laughter and depression. In biomedical terms, our neural network classifier-based neuroprosthesis opens up the possibility of applying the same methodology to other mental-health and neuropsychiatric pathologies. Indeed, exploring the application of laughter in the early detection and prognosis of Alzheimer and Parkinson would represent an enticing possibility, both from the biomedical and the computational points of view.

5.
Arch. med. deporte ; 35(supl.2): 6-45, 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-195136

ABSTRACT

La función principal de la medicina del deporte es el cuidado de la salud del deportista, no solo desde el punto de vista del tratamiento, sino también desde el de la prevención. Los reconocimientos médicos para la aptitud deportiva, una de las atribuciones principales de esta especialidad, están destinados a descubrir patologías, enfermedades o alteraciones que pueden afectar a la salud, y abarcan desde las situaciones que pueden desencadenar incidentes mortales hasta las que, sin poner en riesgo la vida, pueden afectar la salud o el rendimiento del deportista. La realización adecuada de reconocimientos para el deporte implica el diagnóstico de problemas médicos que deben analizarse, entre otros puntos de vista, desde la óptica de la aptitud para la práctica deportiva, y el médico encargado debe disponer de una guía que le oriente sobre la decisión de autorizar o no la práctica de deporte, y en caso de no autorización, la temporalidad de esta y el riesgo asumible de participación en algunos deportes. Las contraindicaciones para la práctica deportiva mejor conocidas son las de origen cardiovascular, tratadas extensamente en la literatura, pero también existen contraindicaciones del resto de aparatos y sistemas del organismo, entendiendo que el deportista es un ser completo y que el ejercicio físico afecta a todo su conjunto. Este documento, además de recoger dichas contraindicaciones, analiza los aspectos legales que afectan a los profesionales en los que recae la responsabilidad de realizar los reconocimientos y los aspectos documentales que les son propios


Main purpose of sports medicine is reaching the health care of the athlete, not only from the point of view of treatment, but also from the point of view of prevention. The performance of preparticipation medical sports evaluation, one of the main attributions of this specialty, is aimed at the discovery of pathologies, diseases or alterations that may affect health. They might range from situations that can trigger deadly incidents, to those without putting life at risk, can affect the health or performance of the athlete. Adequate implementation of preparticipation medical sports evaluation implies the diagnosis of medical problems that must be analyzed, from other points of view such as the perspective of fitness for sport practice. In addition, the doctor in charge must have a guide for clearance for sports practice. In case of non-authorization, time for non-sports activities must be recommended in order to decrease injury risks. Cardiovascular pathologies are the best known contraindications in sport practice, treated extensively in the literature. However, there are also contraindications secondary to problems or issues of the rest of apparatus organs and systems of the organism, knowing that the athlete represents an entity in which physical exercise affects all their sets. This document highlights those contraindications already discussed above and analyzes the legal aspects of sports practice contraindications. Medical professionals are responsible for managing the pre-participation medical sports evaluation as well as the documentary aspects that support it


Subject(s)
Humans , Consensus , Sports/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Contraindications , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Sports Medicine , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Societies, Medical , Spain
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 34(1): 88-95, 2017 02 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28244777

ABSTRACT

Background: Obesity is a coronary risk factor associated to myocardial infarction although waist to-hip-ratio has shown higher predictive power. Objective: The aim of this study was a Receiver Operating Characteristic anthropometric analysis in infarcted males to identify the strength of association for simple measurements, obesity and indicators such as, waist to-hip-ratios, waist to-height-ratios and conicity index. Methods:Case-control study of myocardial infarction in European males. One hundred and twelve cases and 112 controls aged 30-74 years were enrolled. We measured weight, height, waist circumference, umbilical waist circumference and hip circumference. We calculated various anthropometric indicators. We obtained the areas under the ROC curves, the odds ratio and correlations for measurements and anthropometric indicators. Results: Body mass index [AUC: 0.686, 95% CI (0.616-0.755); OR: 3.3], waist circumference [AUC: 0.734, 95% CI (0.668-0.800); OR: 5.7], height [AUC: 0.623, 95% CI (0.550-0.696); OR: 2.3], hip circumference [AUC: 0.555, 95% CI (0.479-0.631); OR: 1], waist to-hip-ratio [AUC: 0.796, 95% CI (0.737-0.855); OR: 9.9], umbilical waist to-hip-ratio [AUC: 0.830, 95% CI (0.729-0.847); OR: 5.5], umbilical waist to-height-ratio [AUC: 0.788, 95% CI (0.729-0.847); OR: 7.5], conicity index [AUC: 0.795; 95% CI (0.738-0.853); OR: 9]. The correlations for waist to-height-ratios and conicity index were strong (all r ≥ 0.85; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Waist and height are measurements of associated independent risk. Hip circumference does no show discriminatory power. Obesity and waist-ratios are associated to myocardial infarction with different strength. Between other indicators, general obesity is more weakly associated. Waist to-hip-ratios present the best ROC curves but it occur information bias of their predictive power of risk. Umbilical waist to-height-ratio and conicity index present high discriminatory power and the best anthropometric risk correlations that support its use for the identification of obesity as risk factor associated to myocardial infarction and in all strategies for coronary health promotion.


Introducción: la obesidad es un factor de riesgo asociado al infarto de miocardio aunque el índice cintura-cadera ha mostrado mayor poder predictivo. Objetivo: análisis antropométrico Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) en infartados para identificar la fuerza discriminatoria de mediciones, obesidad, ratios cintura-cadera, ratios cintura-talla e índice de conicidad. Métodos: estudio caso-control de infarto miocárdico en varones europeos. Ciento doce casos/112 controles de 30-74 años fueron reclutados. Se midieron: peso, talla, cintura, cintura umbilical y cadera. Se obtuvieron las áreas bajo la curva (ABC), las odds ratio y correlaciones de medidas e indicadores. Resultados: IMC [ABC: 0,686 (0,616-0,755); OR: 3,3], cintura [ABC: 0,734 (0,668-0,800); OR: 5,7], talla [ABC: 0,623 (0,550-0,696); OR: 2,3], cadera [ABC: 0,555 (0,479-0,631); OR: 1], cintura-cadera [ABC: 0,796 (0,737-0,855); OR: 9,9]; cintura umbilical-cadera [ABC:0,830 (0,775-0,885); OR: 5,5], cintura umbilical-talla [ABC: 0,788 (0,729-0,847); OR: 7,5]; conicidad [ABC: 0,795 (0,738-0,853); OR:9]. Cintura-talla y conicidad presentaron altas correlaciones de riesgo (todas r ≥ 0,85; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: cintura y talla son medidas con riesgo independiente asociado. La circunferencia de cadera no es discriminatoria. Obesidad e índices de cintura están asociados al infarto con diferente fuerza. La obesidad presenta una asociación débil. Los índices cintura-cadera presentan las mejores curvas ROC, pero sesgadas en su poder predictivo de riesgo. Cintura umbilical-talla y conicidad presentan alto poder discriminatorio y mejores correlaciones antropométricas de riesgo, por lo que se recomienda su uso en la identificación de la obesidad como factor asociado al infarto de miocardio y en todas las estrategias de promoción de la salud coronaria.


Subject(s)
Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Europe/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Risk Assessment , Waist-Hip Ratio
7.
Nutr. hosp ; 34(1): 88-95, ene.-feb. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-161146

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la obesidad es un factor de riesgo asociado al infarto de miocardio aunque el índice cintura-cadera ha mostrado mayor poder predictivo. Objetivo: análisis antropométrico Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) en infartados para identificar la fuerza discriminatoria de mediciones, obesidad, ratios cintura-cadera, ratios cintura-talla e índice de conicidad. Métodos: estudio caso-control de infarto miocárdico en varones europeos. Ciento doce casos/112 controles de 30-74 años fueron reclutados. Se midieron: peso, talla, cintura, cintura umbilical y cadera. Se obtuvieron las áreas bajo la curva (ABC), las odds ratio y correlaciones de medidas e indicadores. Resultados: IMC [ABC: 0,686 (0,616-0,755); OR: 3,3], cintura [ABC: 0,734 (0,668-0,800); OR: 5,7], talla [ABC: 0,623 (0,550-0,696); OR: 2,3], cadera [ABC: 0,555 (0,479-0,631); OR: 1], cintura-cadera [ABC: 0,796 (0,737-0,855); OR: 9,9]; cintura umbilical-cadera [ABC:0,830 (0,775-0,885); OR: 5,5], cintura umbilical-talla [ABC: 0,788 (0,729-0,847); OR: 7,5]; conicidad [ABC: 0,795 (0,738-0,853); OR:9]. Cintura-talla y conicidad presentaron altas correlaciones de riesgo (todas r ≥ 0,85; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: cintura y talla son medidas con riesgo independiente asociado. La circunferencia de cadera no es discriminatoria. Obesidad e índices de cintura están asociados al infarto con diferente fuerza. La obesidad presenta una asociación débil. Los índices cintura-cadera presentan las mejores curvas ROC, pero sesgadas en su poder predictivo de riesgo. Cintura umbilical-talla y conicidad presentan alto poder discriminatorio y mejores correlaciones antropométricas de riesgo, por lo que se recomienda su uso en la identificación de la obesidad como factor asociado al infarto de miocardio y en todas las estrategias de promoción de la salud coronaria (AU)


Background: Obesity is a coronary risk factor associated to myocardial infarction although waist to-hip-ratio has shown higher predictive power. Objective: The aim of this study was a Receiver Operating Characteristic anthropometric analysis in infarcted males to identify the strength of association for simple measurements, obesity and indicators such as, waist to-hip-ratios, waist to-height-ratios and conicity index. Methods: Case-control study of myocardial infarction in European males. One hundred and twelve cases and 112 controls aged 30-74 years were enrolled. We measured weight, height, waist circumference, umbilical waist circumference and hip circumference. We calculated various anthropometric indicators. We obtained the areas under the ROC curves, the odds ratio and correlations for measurements and anthropometric indicators. Results: Body mass index [AUC: 0.686, 95% CI (0.616-0.755); OR: 3.3], waist circumference [AUC: 0.734, 95% CI (0.668-0.800); OR: 5.7], height [AUC: 0.623, 95% CI (0.550-0.696); OR: 2.3], hip circumference [AUC: 0.555, 95% CI (0.479-0.631); OR: 1], waist to-hip-ratio [AUC: 0.796, 95% CI (0.737-0.855); OR: 9.9], umbilical waist to-hip-ratio [AUC: 0.830, 95% CI (0.729-0.847); OR: 5.5], umbilical waist to-height-ratio [AUC: 0.788, 95% CI (0.729-0.847); OR: 7.5], conicity index [AUC: 0.795; 95% CI (0.738-0.853); OR: 9]. The correlations for waist to-height-ratios and conicity index were strong (all r ≥ 0.85; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Waist and height are measurements of associated independent risk. Hip circumference does no show discriminatory power. Obesity and waist-ratios are associated to myocardial infarction with different strength. Between other indicators, general obesity is more weakly associated. Waist to-hip-ratios present the best ROC curves but it occur information bias of their predictive power of risk. Umbilical waist to-height-ratio and conicity index present high discriminatory power and the best anthropometric risk correlations that support its use for the identification of obesity as risk factor associated to myocardial infarction and in all strategies for coronary health promotion (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Obesity/complications , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Waist-Hip Ratio/statistics & numerical data , Anthropometry/methods , ROC Curve , Predictive Value of Tests
8.
BMC Fam Pract ; 14: 36, 2013 Mar 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23506390

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The successful implementation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines relies heavily on primary care physicians (PCPs) providing risk factor evaluation, intervention and patient education. The aim of this study was to ascertain the degree of awareness and implementation of the Spanish adaptation of the European guidelines on CVD prevention in clinical practice (CEIPC guidelines) among PCPs. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of PCPs was conducted in Spain between January and June 2011. A random sample of 1,390 PCPs was obtained and stratified by region. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: More than half (58%) the physicians were aware of and knew the recommendations, and 62% of those claimed to use them in clinical practice, with general physicians (without any specialist accreditation) being less likely to so than family doctors. Most PCPs (60%) did not assess cardiovascular risk, with the limited time available in the surgery being cited as the greatest barrier by 81%. The main reason to be sceptical about recommendations, reported by 71% of physicians, was that there are too many guidelines. Almost half the doctors cited the lack of training and skills as the greatest barrier to the implementation of lifestyle and behavioural change recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Most PCPs were aware of the Spanish adaptation of the European guidelines on CVD prevention (CEIPC guidelines) and knew their content. However, only one third of PCPs used the guidelines in clinical practice and less than half CVD risk assessment tools.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Family Practice/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/standards , Adult , Attitude of Health Personnel , Clinical Competence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Family Practice/education , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Assessment , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors
9.
Guatemala; s.n; 2007. 30 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, MOSAICO - Integrative health | ID: biblio-879175

ABSTRACT

Las pacientes con cáncer de mama desde su diagnóstico inicial experimentan diversos de grados de ansiedad, lo cual puede corroborarse al hacer un sondeo en las clínicas de atención de pacientes.(4) Partiendo de una evaluación inicial, mediante el Test de Hamilton para ansiedad, se pudo evidenciar la existencia de ansiedad en el 100% de pacientes con cáncer de mama que acuden a su tratamiento de quimioterapia. Fueron evaluadas inicialmente 40 pacientes a quienes se les proporciono, como tratamiento extracto de Valeriana prionophylla a 20 pacientes, así como extracto de maíz, como placebo a las otras 20 escogidas al azar, se conservo la información del contenido de los frascos para el final del estudio, con el objeto de hacerlo doble ciego controlado (ni el autor, ni el paciente conocieron si no hasta el final el tipo de tratamiento tomado). Se administro un extracto de Valeriana prionophylla guatemalteca, preparado por Laboratorio Farmaya en dilusion 1:5, a dosis de 30 gotas por la mañana y 30 gotas por la tarde, equivalentes a 600mg diarios. Finalizaron el estudio 30 pacientes, 15 de tratamiento y 15 placebo, quienes fueron reevaluados vía telefónica nuevamente mediante el Test de Hamilton. Se elaboró una base de datos, a la cual se le practico la Prueba exacta de Fisher asi como el Test de Chi Cuadrado, como análisis estadístico. Las conclusiones del estudio fueron las siguientes: 1. Todas las pacientes bajo tratamiento de quimioterapia por cáncer de mama manifiestan algún grado de ansiedad. 2. El extracto de Valeriana, redujo el nivel de ansiedad a valores normales en todas las pacientes bajo tratamiento, evidenciando un efecto positivo y beneficioso en la calidad de vida de este tipo de pacientes, confirmando lo que indica la literatura.(9,10.11,12) 3. El extracto de Valeriana supero el efecto placebo del extracto de maíz en las pacientes bajo tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anxiety/drug effects , Breast Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Placebo Effect , Valerian , Guatemala , Patients
10.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 71(1): 591-3, 2005 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15640243

ABSTRACT

A new plasmid for the overexpression of His-tagged thermozymes in Thermus thermophilus was developed. With this plasmid, soluble and active histidine-tagged DNA polymerase from T. thermophilus was overproduced in larger amounts in the thermophile than in Escherichia coli. The protein purified from the thermophile was active in PCR.


Subject(s)
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism , Thermus thermophilus/enzymology , Up-Regulation , DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Genetic Techniques , Histidine , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Thermus thermophilus/genetics , Thermus thermophilus/growth & development
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