Adaptación transcultural y validación de un contenido del cuestionario Texas Textbook Evaluation Tool (T-TET) de evaluación de libros de texto para ciencias de la salud / Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Content Validation of Texas Textbook Evaluation Tool (T-TET) a Book Evaluation Questionnaire for Health Sciences / Adaptação transcultural e validação de um questionário para as ciências da saúde

Introducción: La actualización y evaluación de libros de texto es esencial en el proceso educativo; sin embargo, en idioma español no se encuentran instrumentos para evaluarlos en el área de ciencias de la salud. Objetivo: Llevar a cabo la adaptación transcultural y validación de contenido del instrumento Texas Textbook Eva-luation Tool. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con componente psicométrico. Se realizó la adaptación transcul-tural con traducción directa, síntesis de traducciones, traducción inversa, consolidación de traducciones en juicio de expertos y aplicación de una prueba piloto. Todo ello seguido del análisis de fiabilidad interobservador y la consistencia interna a través del alfa ordinal y el análisis factorial confirmatorio.Resultados: Se modificó un ítem que obtuvo un 36,66% de discrepancia. Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0,98 y una kappa de Cohen de 0,91. Las pruebas de esfericidad de Barlett y Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin dieron como resulta-do 0,00 y 0,93, respectivamente. Así, se obtuvo en el análisis factorial confirmatorio que todas las variables se agrupan en las seis dimensiones propuestas. Conclusiones: Se realizó una apropiada implementación de los métodos. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la confianza e idoneidad del instrumento. El instrumento presenta una excelente consistencia interna, y se comprobó que mide las dimensiones para las que fue diseñado.

Introduction: The updating and evaluation of textbooks is essential in the educational process, however, in the Spanish language there are no instruments to evaluate them in Health Sciences. Objective: To make a cross-cultural adaptation and content validation of the Texas Textbook Evaluation Tool. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a psychometric component, cross-cultural adaptation is carried out with direct translation, translation synthesis, reverse translation, consolidation of trans-lations in expert judgment and pilot test application. Followed by inter-observer reliability analysis and internal consistency through ordinal alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: One item was modified that obtained a 36% discrepancy. An ordinal alpha of 0.98 and Cohen's Kappa index of 0.91 were obtained. The Bartlett and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sphericity tests resul-ted in 0.00 and 0.93 respectively, obtaining in the confirmatory factorial analysis that all the variables are grouped in the 6 proposed dimensions. Conclusions: An appropriate implementation of the methods, the results obtained highlight the con-fidence and suitability of the instrument. The instrument has excellent internal consistency, and it was verified that it measures the dimensions for which it was designed.

Introdução: A atualização dos livros de texto é essencial no processo educacional em Ciências da Saúde, mas no idioma espanhol não há instrumentos para sua avaliação. Objetivo: Adaptação transcultural e validação do instrumento Texas Textbook Evaluation Tool. Método: A tradução, retrotradução, teste piloto, confiabilidade, consistência interna e análise de fatores exploratórios foram abrangidos. Resultados: Um item foi modificado com uma discrepância de 36,66%. Foi obtido um coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,98 e o índice Kappa de Cohen de 0,91. Os testes de esfericidade de Barlett e Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin resultaram em 0,00 e 0,93 respetivamente. Conclusões: Os métodos foram implementados adequadamente, e os resultados obtidos destacam a confiança e adequação do instrumento

Face validity of a simulated low back pain clinical case in physical therapy training / Validez aparente de un caso clínico simulado de dolor lumbar en formación en fisioterapia

Abstract Introduction: The use of clinical cases in simulated environments allows for a more realistic approach to the simulated health condition, which results in a more effective training experience for students, as they are immersed in situations they may encounter in their professional practice. Objective: To determine the face validity of a low back pain clinical case as a clinical simulation tool in the training of physical therapy students. Materials and methods: Study conducted to determine the face validity of a low back pain clinical case presented to physical therapy students. The case has 9 items, which were evaluated by 5 expert raters. Agreement between raters regarding the pertinence, relevance, coherence, clarity, and sufficiency of the case was established using the Fleiss' Kappa coefficient. Results: Fleiss ' Kappa for the simulated case was 0.67 (substantial agreement), and for items 1, 2, 4, and 9 was 0.97, 1.0, 0.89, and 1.0, respectively (almost perfect agreement). Furthermore, the percentage of case comprehensibility (9 items) was 95.2. Conclusion: The face validity of the low back pain clinical case was confirmed, so its use in clinical simulation practices in the physical therapy programs offered by the Universidad de La Sabana and Universidad de Boyacá in Colombia is valid.

Resumen Introducción. El uso de casos clínicos en ambientes simulados brinda un mejor acercamiento a la condición de salud que se intenta simular, lo que permite una mejor formación de los estudiantes al verse inmersos en situaciones a las que podrían enfrentarse en su práctica profesional. Objetivo. Determinar la validez aparente de un caso clínico de dolor lumbar como herramienta de simulación clínica en la formación de estudiantes de fisioterapia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio realizado para determinar la validez de apariencia de un caso clínico de dolor lumbar para ser abordado por estudiantes de fisioterapia, el cual presenta nue -ve elementos evaluados por cinco jueces expertos. La concordancia entre los jueces respecto a la pertinencia, relevancia, coherencia, claridad y suficiencia del caso se estableció mediante el coeficiente Kappa de Fleiss. Resultados. El Kappa de Fleiss para el caso simulado fue 0.67 (acuerdo sustancial), y para los elementos 1, 2, 4 y 9 fue 0.97, 1.0, 0.89 y 1.0, respectivamente (acuerdo casi perfecto). Además, el porcentaje de comprensibilidad del caso (9 ítems) fue 95.2. Conclusión. La validez aparente del caso clínico fue confirmada, por lo que su uso en prácticas de simulación clínica en los programas de fisioterapia de la Universidad de La Sabana y la Universidad de Boyacá en Colombia es válido.

Aprendizaje basado en simulación: estrategia pedagógica en fisioterapia. Revisión integrativa / Learning based on simulation: Pedagogical strategy in physiotherapy. An integrated review

Los escenarios de simulación clínica han sido explorados en medicina y enfermería como estrategia de aprendizaje y han demostrado ser efectivos para la adquisición de competencias acercando a los estudiantes a su práctica clínica real. En fisioterapia, su utilización ha sido recientemente incluida y aún no se ha documentado su potencial como estrategia de fortalecimiento curricular. Este trabajo buscó revisar en la literatura el empleo de la simulación clínica como estrategia pedagógica para la fisioterapia. Para ello, se desarrolló un proceso integrativo con base en el análisis de competencias transversales o específicas. Sus resultados señalan que la simulación mejora la calidad y competencia del fisioterapeuta en formación; el dominio donde más se usa la simulación es el cardiovascular pulmonar, seguido del musculoesquelético. Sin embargo, en fisioterapia se requiere incrementar el uso de simulación en todos los dominios para poder cualificar aún más la formación

Clinical simulation scenarios have been explored in medicine and nursing as a learning strategy. They have shown to be effective for the acquisition of skills, bringing students closer to their actual clinical practice. Its use has recently been included in physiotherapy, but its potential as a curriculum strengthening strategy has not yet been documented. This work aims to carry out a review of the literature on the use of clinical simulation as a pedagogical strategy for physiotherapy. To do this, an integrated process was developed, based on the analysis of cross-sectional or specific skills. The results indicate that simulation improves the quality and skills of the physiotherapist in training. The domain where the simulation is most used is pulmonary cardiovascular, followed by the musculoskeletal system. However, in physiotherapy it is necessary to increase the use of simulation in all domains in order to qualify the training even more

Weight Loss after 12 Weeks of Exercise and/or Nutritional Guidance Is Not Obligatory for Induced Changes in Local Fat/Lean Mass Indexes in Adults with Excess of Adiposity.

The objectives of this secondary analysis are (1) to investigate the differential effects of exercise training modalities-high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT = HIIT + RT), and/or nutritional guidance (NG) alone-on local fat/lean mass indexes in adults with excess of adiposity; (2) to identify the individual patterns of response based on either a clinical criterion of weight loss (≥5%) and/or technical error (TE) of measurement of local fat/lean mass indexes; and (3) to assess the individual change for body composition parameters assigned either to HIIT, RT, CT, and/or NG groups utilizing a TE. A 12-week trial was conducted in 55 participants randomized to one of the four interventions. The primary outcome was clinical change in body weight (i.e., weight loss of ≥5%). Secondary outcomes included change in ratio of android and gynoid fat mass, as well as local fat and lean mass indexes (arms, trunk, and legs), before and after intervention. The main findings from the current analysis revealed that (i) after 12 weeks of follow-up, significant decreases in several body composition indexes were found including body weight, arm, trunk, and legs fat mass, and android and gynecoid fat mass were observed in HIIT, RT, and CT groups (p < 0.05); (ii) a significant proportion of individuals showed a positive response following 12 weeks of training, led by the HIIT group with 44% and followed by RT with 39% in 9 indexes; (iii) the HIIT group showed lowest rates of adverse responders with (6%); and (iv) the individual patterns of response utilizing clinically meaningful weight loss were not necessarily associated with the corresponding individual training-induced changes in body composition indexes in adults with excess of adiposity. Overall, the study suggests that HIIT has an important ability to reduce the prevalence of non-response to improve body composition indexes.

Association of Muscular Fitness and Body Fatness with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The FUPRECOL Study.

This study investigated the associations of muscular fitness and various indicators of body fatness with cardio-metabolic risk factors and determined the muscular strength and body fatness thresholds for detecting a high risk of cardio-metabolic dysfunction in young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1798 collegiate students (61.5% females, mean age 20.5 years). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)/body mass (kg)). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of fat mass (BF%), fat-mass index (FMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were also included as body fatness measurements. A high cardio-metabolic risk cluster was derived by assessing triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure. Logistic regression models showed that men and women with lower NGS had an increased cardio-metabolic risk odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.9, p = 0.006, and OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5, p = 0.036, respectively). In both sexes, higher levels of all fatness parameters were also associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk (p < 0.001). In both men and women, high FMI had the highest OR for clustered risk (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 8.4, and OR = 7.3, 95% CI 3.4 to 9.7, p < 0.001, respectively). Combined analysis showed that unfitness (lower NGS) and high fat had the highest OR for WC and FMI in men and women, respectively (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 2.6 to 11.4, OR = 7.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 15.8, p < 0.01). Muscular strength and body fatness are independently and jointly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in young adults, which suggests that both are predictor variables for this.

Percentage of Body Fat and Fat Mass Index as a Screening Tool for Metabolic Syndrome Prediction in Colombian University Students.

High body fat is related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in all ethnic groups. Based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition of MetS, the aim of this study was to explore thresholds of body fat percentage (BF%) and fat mass index (FMI) for the prediction of MetS among Colombian University students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1687 volunteers (63.4% women, mean age = 20.6 years). Weight, waist circumference, serum lipids indices, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose were measured. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and FMI was calculated. MetS was defined as including more than or equal to three of the metabolic abnormalities according to the IDF definition. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine optimal cut-off points for BF% and FMI in relation to the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity in both sexes. The overall prevalence of MetS was found to be 7.7%, higher in men than women (11.1% vs. 5.3%; p < 0.001). BF% and FMI were positively correlated to MetS components (p < 0.05). ROC analysis indicated that BF% and FMI can be used with moderate accuracy to identify MetS in university-aged students. BF% and FMI thresholds of 25.55% and 6.97 kg/m² in men, and 38.95% and 11.86 kg/m² in women, were found to be indicative of high MetS risk. Based on the IDF criteria, both indexes' thresholds seem to be good tools to identify university students with unfavorable metabolic profiles.