Efficacy and safety of trifluridine/tipiracil in third-line and beyond for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in routine clinical practice: patterns of use and prognostic nomogram.

INTRODUCTION: Trifluridine/tipiracil combination has shown a benefit over placebo in the treatment of patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of this combination in the real-life setting at eight Galician centers in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of a cohort of patients with mCRC in treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil within usual clinical practice who have been previously treated or are not considered candidates for treatment with available therapies. RESULTS: A total of 160 mCRC patients were included. Our data showed that 11.9% of patients achieved disease control. Median progression-free survival was 2.75 months; at 5.66 months follow-up, median overall survival was 7.94 months. Asthenia and neutropenia (48.1% both) were the most frequent adverse events. Overall survival was lower in patients with ECOG 2, multiple metastatic sites, platelets count 350,000/µl, alkaline phosphatase > 500 IU/l, and carcinoembryonic antigen > 10 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm the efficacy and safety of trifluridine/tipiracil in chemorefractory mCRC patients. However, patients in clinical practice differ from patients in clinical trials. Due to this, prognostic factors have special importance to offer the best therapeutic approach.

Encuesta sobre la práctica de los anestesiólogos en la cirugía de hernia inguinal en Galicia / Survey on the practice of anaesthesiologists in inguinal hernia surgery in Galicia

Objetivos: Evaluar la preferencia en la técnica anestésica de los anestesiólogos para el manejo de la cirugía de hernia inguinal en Galicia. Material y métodos: A partir del Catálogo Nacional de Hospitales del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, en Galicia, se remitió a los jefes de servicio de Anestesiología y coordinadores de las unidades de Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria (CMA) una encuesta con 11 preguntas sobre la técnica anestésica elegida por los anestesiólogos en el manejo de los pacientes para cirugía de hernia inguinal, así como sus motivos. Resultados: La encuesta se envió a 11 hospitales: 8 con unidades de CMA y 3 comarcales. Contestaron 94 profesionales, un 56% con más de 10años de experiencia, que realizaban entre 8-10 procedimientos/mes (58%) en régimen ambulatorio (61,54%). La técnica anestésica más empleada fue la intradural en un 52,8%, frente a un 41,8% de la anestesia general. Los encuestados con más de 10años de experiencia prefirieron la anestesia raquídea en un 38,6% de los casos frente a los de menor experiencia (6,8%) (p=0,037). Uno de cada 4 que eligieron la anestesia general empleó bloqueos interfasciales guiados por ultrasonidos (27,5%). El anestésico local más empleado en la anestesia intradural fue la bupivacaína hiperbara (70,8%) a dosis superiores a 7mg. Conclusión: La anestesia intradural con bupivacaína hiperbara representó la técnica más elegida por los anestesiólogos para el manejo de la cirugía de hernia inguinal. Las técnicas anestésicas escogidas entre los diferentes hospitales no siguieron una distribución homogénea. En la encuesta presentada se mostró una tendencia a la elección de la técnica asociada a la experiencia del anestesiólogo

Objectives: To evaluate the preference in the anaesthetic technique by anaesthesiologists for the management of inguinal hernia surgery in Galicia. Material and methods: Using the National Catalogue of Hospitals of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs in Galicia, a questionnair was sent to the Heads of Anaesthesiology Service and Coordinators of the Postanaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) with 11 questions on the anaesthetic technique chosen by anaesthesiologists in the management of patients for inguinal hernia surgery, as well as their reasons. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 11 hospitals: 8 with PACU and 3 District. A total of 94 professionals responded, 56% with more than 10 years of experience, who performed between 8-10 procedures/month (58%) on an outpatient basis (61.54%). The most used anaesthetic technique was intradural in 52.8%, compared to 41.8% of general anaesthesia. Respondents with more than 10 years of experience preferred spinal anaesthesia in 38.6% of cases, compared to those with less experience (6.8%) (P=.037). One in 4 of those who chose general anaesthesia used ultrasound-guided interfascial blocks (27.5%). The local anaesthetic most used in intradural anaesthesia was hyperbaric bupivacaine (70.8%) at doses higher than 7mg. Conclusion: Intradural anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine was the technique most chosen by anaesthesiologists for the management of inguinal hernia surgery. The anaesthetic techniques chosen among the different hospitals did not follow a homogenous distribution. In this survey, there was a tendency to choose the technique associated with the experience of the anaesthesiologist

Survey on the practice of anaesthesiologists in inguinal hernia surgery in Galicia. / Encuesta sobre la práctica de los anestesiólogos en la cirugía de hernia inguinal en Galicia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the preference in the anaesthetic technique by anaesthesiologists for the management of inguinal hernia surgery in Galicia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the National Catalogue of Hospitals of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs in Galicia, a questionnair was sent to the Heads of Anaesthesiology Service and Coordinators of the Postanaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) with 11 questions on the anaesthetic technique chosen by anaesthesiologists in the management of patients for inguinal hernia surgery, as well as their reasons. RESULTS: The questionnaire was sent to 11 hospitals: 8 with PACU and 3 District. A total of 94 professionals responded, 56% with more than 10 years of experience, who performed between 8-10 procedures/month (58%) on an outpatient basis (61.54%). The most used anaesthetic technique was intradural in 52.8%, compared to 41.8% of general anaesthesia. Respondents with more than 10 years of experience preferred spinal anaesthesia in 38.6% of cases, compared to those with less experience (6.8%) (P=.037). One in 4 of those who chose general anaesthesia used ultrasound-guided interfascial blocks (27.5%). The local anaesthetic most used in intradural anaesthesia was hyperbaric bupivacaine (70.8%) at doses higher than 7mg. CONCLUSION: Intradural anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine was the technique most chosen by anaesthesiologists for the management of inguinal hernia surgery. The anaesthetic techniques chosen among the different hospitals did not follow a homogenous distribution. In this survey, there was a tendency to choose the technique associated with the experience of the anaesthesiologist.

Lesión de nervio peroneo: no siempre la anestesia es la culpable / Peroneal nerve injury: anesthesia is not always to blame

Presentamos el caso de una paciente sometida a una cirugía correctora de pie bajo anestesia locorregional con bloqueo nervioso periférico ciático poplíteo ecoguiado. Como complicación postoperatoria se objetivó una lesión de nervio peroneo. Indicamos el diagnóstico diferencial y la estrategia terapéutica que se debe plantear ante una lesión de nervio periférico. En nuestro caso se trata de una axonotmesis de alto grado secundaria a compresión extrínseca e isquemia producida por el manguito de isquemia colocado en el tobillo utilizado durante la cirugía, que no guarda relación con la técnica anestésica (AU)

We introduce a case report of a woman that was operated of foot surgery under locoregional anesthesia with an echo-guided peripheral sciatic-popliteal nerve block. As post operatory complication a peroneal nerve injury was noticed. We revised differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve block and therapeutic strategy we should take. In our case the finding was a high degree axonotmesis secondary to extrinsic compressure due to pneumatic tourniquet placed in the ankle used during surgery. There was no relationship with the anesthetic technique (AU)

[Peroneal nerve injury: anesthesia is not always to blame]. / Lesión de nervio peroneo: no siempre la anestesia es la culpable.

We introduce a case report of a woman that was operated of foot surgery under locoregional anesthesia with an echo-guided peripheral sciatic-popliteal nerve block. As post operatory complication a peroneal nerve injury was noticed. We revised differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve block and therapeutic strategy we should take. In our case the finding was a high degree axonotmesis secondary to extrinsic compressure due to pneumatic tourniquet placed in the ankle used during surgery. There was no relationship with the anesthetic technique.

[Ultrasound-assisted approach to blocking the intercostal nerves in the mid-axillary line for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery]. / Abordaje guiado por ultrasonidos de los nervios intercostales en la línea media axilar para cirugía de mama no reconstructiva y de la axila.

INTRODUCTION: Several nerve blocks have recently been used for pain treatment in breast surgery. The main objective of our study was to determine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-assisted blocking of the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves in the mid-axillary line for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on 30 patients scheduled for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. An intercostal branches block was performed in the mid-axillary line with 0,5% levobupivacaine (3ml in each intercostal space). Clinical efficacy was assessed by standard intraoperative hemodynamic response to surgical stimulus and the need for opioids, and in the postoperative period, by assessing pain intensity as a verbal numerical scale and the need for rescue treatment. We also evaluated the quality of sleep the first night after surgery, any adverse events that occurred, and the satisfaction of patients and surgeons with the anesthetic technique. RESULTS: The intercostal branches block in the mid-axillary line was effective in most cases, with only 2 patients requiring intraoperative opioids, and in one case analgesic rescue was necessary in the postoperative period. The duration of postoperative analgesia was 19±4h. There were no notable adverse events or complications. The satisfaction with the chosen technique was assessed as "very good" in all patients, and by 97% of the surgeons. CONCLUSIONS: Intercostal branches block in the mid-axillary line provides adequate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. It is a simple, reproducible technique in most patients of this study, with an easy to understand ultrasound anatomy, in which adequate analgesia could be provided through a single puncture, and may be an alternative to neuroaxial blocks.

Edema agudo de pulmón postobstructivo en colecistectomía laparoscópica / Acute pulmonary edema in laparoscopic colecystectomy

El edema pulmonar agudo por presión negativa es una causa importante de edema pulmonar que se desarrolla inmediatamente después de la extubación. Se expone el caso de una paciente con antecedentes importantes de alergia a múltiples medicamentos, programada para colecistectomía laparoscópica que, de manera inmediata, después de la extubación, desarrolló un laringoespasmo que evolucionó a edema agudo de pulmón con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda que requirió ventilación mecánica. El cuadro evolucionó favorablemente y se resolvió en las 72 horas posteriores a la cirugía (AU)

Negative presure pulmonary edema is an important cause of pulmonary edema that takes place inmediately after the extubation. We describe the case of a patient with history of multiple medications allergies. She was admitted outpatient laparoscopic colecystectomy and immediately after extubation she developed a laryngospasm wich envolved acute pulmonary edema with severe acute respiratory failure and she required mechanic ventilation. The patient was discharge after 72 hours (AU)

Abordaje ecoguiado a nivel antecubital para cirugía del síndrome del túnel del carpo / Ultrasound-guided block at the antecubital fossa for carpal tunnel syndrome surgery

Introducción. Existen diferentes técnicas anestésicas para la cirugía ambulatoria del síndrome del túnel del carpo. Los bloqueos nerviosos ecoguiados brindan ventajas frente a otras técnicas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la eficacia del bloqueo ecoguiado a nivel de la fosa antecubital, así como la evaluación de las complicaciones, la satisfacción del paciente y del cirujano. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional prospectivo en 32 pacientes programados para cirugía del síndrome del túnel del carpo, en régimen ambulatorio. Se realizó un bloqueo nervioso ecoguiado a nivel de la fosa antecubital, de los nervios mediano, cubital y cutáneos medial y lateral del antebrazo con mepivacaína 1%. Se registraron las mediciones de los diámetros anteroposterior y laterolateral de los nervios mediano y cubital, antes y después de la inyección. Se evaluó el inicio del bloqueo sensitivo y motor en los territorios de los nervios mediano y cubital cada 5 min, hasta 30 min después de la administración del anestésico local, con respecto a la mano contralateral. Se registró la presencia de dolor durante la incisión quirúrgica, en el postoperatorio, las complicaciones y la satisfacción del paciente y del cirujano con la técnica anestésica realizada. Resultados. El bloqueo nervioso ecoguiado a nivel de la fosa antecubital fue eficaz en un 93,7% de los pacientes. Ningún paciente requirió rescate analgésico, no se produjeron efectos adversos reseñables ni complicaciones. La satisfacción con respecto a la técnica anestésica elegida fue valorada como «muy buena» por el 93,7% de los pacientes y por el 97% de los cirujanos. Conclusiones. El bloqueo nervioso ecoguiado de los nervios mediano, cubital y cutáneos medial y lateral del antebrazo a nivel de la fosa antecubital es una técnica anestésica eficaz y satisfactoria para la cirugía ambulatoria del síndrome del túnel del carpo, permite la movilización del brazo por parte del paciente, minimiza los riesgos y disminuye la dosis de anestésico local empleada(AU)

Introduction. There are various anaesthetic techniques for ambulatory surgery of carpal tunnel release. The ultrasound-guided nerve blocks offer advantages compared to other techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy using ultrasound-guided block at the antecubital fossa, as well as to evaluate complications, patient satisfaction and surgeon satisfaction with the block. Materials and methods. Prospective observational study with 32 elective patients for carpal tunnel release in a one-day case unit. An ultrasound-guided block with mepivacaine 1% was performed at the antecubital fossa, aiming for the median, ulnar and the lateral and medial cutaneous nerves of the forearm. The measurements of the anteroposterior and laterolateral diameters of the median and ulnar nerves were recorded, before and after injection. Motor and sensory levels were evaluated for the median and ulnar nerves at 5 and 30min post injection, and compared with the contralateral hand. Pain from the surgical incision time and recovery were recorded, together with complications, and patient and surgeon satisfaction with the block. Results. The antecubital fossa ultrasound-guided block was successful in 93.7% of the patients. No patients needed rescue analgesia in recovery and no complications were recorded. Patient satisfaction was 93.7% and surgeon satisfaction was 97%. Conclusions. A selective block of the medial, ulnar and medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of the forearm are effective and satisfactory anaesthetic techniques for carpal tunnel release in a one-day case unit. It allows early mobilization, minimises risks and amount of local anaesthetic used(AU)

Novel hexanuclear copper(II) complex built from a simple tetrachelating triazole ligand: synthesis, structure, and magnetism.

A new easy symmetric 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole ligand (H3diV) by reaction with an excess of copper(II) salt has afforded a novel hexanuclear compound (Cu/HdiV ratio of 6:2) through a bis(trans-cis-cis-trans) binding mode, exhibiting two types of Cu(II) centers and two clearly distinguishable antiferromagnetic J1 (-234 cm(-1)) and J2 (-35 cm(-1)) coupling constants.

[Ultrasound-guided block at the antecubital fossa for carpal tunnel syndrome surgery]. / Abordaje ecoguiado a nivel antecubital para cirugía del síndrome del túnel del carpo.

INTRODUCTION: There are various anaesthetic techniques for ambulatory surgery of carpal tunnel release. The ultrasound-guided nerve blocks offer advantages compared to other techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy using ultrasound-guided block at the antecubital fossa, as well as to evaluate complications, patient satisfaction and surgeon satisfaction with the block. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study with 32 elective patients for carpal tunnel release in a one-day case unit. An ultrasound-guided block with mepivacaine 1% was performed at the antecubital fossa, aiming for the median, ulnar and the lateral and medial cutaneous nerves of the forearm. The measurements of the anteroposterior and laterolateral diameters of the median and ulnar nerves were recorded, before and after injection. Motor and sensory levels were evaluated for the median and ulnar nerves at 5 and 30 min post injection, and compared with the contralateral hand. Pain from the surgical incision time and recovery were recorded, together with complications, and patient and surgeon satisfaction with the block. RESULTS: The antecubital fossa ultrasound-guided block was successful in 93.7% of the patients. No patients needed rescue analgesia in recovery and no complications were recorded. Patient satisfaction was 93.7% and surgeon satisfaction was 97%. CONCLUSIONS: A selective block of the medial, ulnar and medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of the forearm are effective and satisfactory anaesthetic techniques for carpal tunnel release in a one-day case unit. It allows early mobilization, minimises risks and amount of local anaesthetic used.

Adecuación diagnóstica en la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica / The adequacy of the diagnostic in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objetivos. Valorar la adecuación a las guías clínicas (GOLD/SEPAR) del diagnóstico de los pacientes calificados de Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC). Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron todos los casos de EPOC del registro de pacientes crónicos de 28 cupos de 9 centros de salud de la provincia de Ourense, incluyéndose 382 casos donde se determinó la existencia de un diagnóstico correcto según resultados espirométricos. Se determinaron los factores asociados al diagnóstico correcto mediante regresión logística donde fueron incluidos edad, sexo, residencia (rural/urbana), tabaquismo, gravedad, nivel de seguimiento y tiempo desde el diagnóstico. Resultados. Eran varones 297 (77,7%) y 172 (45,0%) procedían del medio rural. La media (DE) de edad era 77,0 (±11,0) años, siendo al diagnóstico de 64,9 (±12,0) años y 11,5 (±8,0) años de tiempo de evolución. El 64,9% era o había sido fumador. Se diagnosticaron en atención primaria 26 casos (6,8%). El índice VEF1/CVF estaba registrado en 174 (45,5%) pacientes, siendo menor de 0,7 en 138 casos (36,1%), que se consideraron bien diagnosticados. En estos pacientes figuraba registrado el VEF1 en 125 casos (90,6%). El diagnóstico correcto se asociaba a enfermedad grave o muy grave (OR 5,2; IC95 1,5-17,4), procedencia urbana (OR 6,1; IC95 1,7-21,2) y edad igual o menor de 60 años (OR 3,7; IC95 1,3-11,2). Conclusión. En la historia clínica de atención primaria de los pacientes diagnosticados de EPOC existía escaso registro espirométrico y baja adecuación a los criterios diagnósticos aceptados en las guías de uso habitual (AU)

Objectives. To assess the adequacy to the clinical guides (GOLD/SEPAR) for the diagnosis of the patients classified as COPD. Material and methods. We selected all COPD cases in the registry of chronic patients of 28 general practitioners from 9 Health Centres in the province of Ourense (Spain). A total of 382 cases were included. Diagnostic accuracy was determined according to the results of spirometry. We identify factors associated with correct diagnosis by logistic regression which included age, gender, residence (rural/urban), smoking, severity, level of follow up and time since diagnosis. Results. Of the total number included, 297 were male (77.7%) and 172 patients (45.0%) came from rural areas. The average age was 77.0 (SD=±11.0) years, with a mean age at diagnosis of 64.9 (±12.0) years and the time from diagnosis was 11.5 (±8.0) years. Less than half (49.1%) patients had been smokers, and 13.1% still smoked. Twenty-six cases (6.8%) were diagnosed in Primary Care. The FEV1/FVC ratio was recorded in 174 (45.5%) patients, with less than 0.7 in 138 cases (36.1%), which were considered as correctly diagnosed. In these patients the FEV1 had been recorded in 125 cases (90.6%). A correct diagnosis was associated with severe or very severe disease (OR 5.2; 95% CI; 1.5-17.4), urban areas (OR 6.1; 95% CI, 1.7-21.2), and younger than 60 years (OR 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3-11.2). Conclusion. The number of spirometry results recorded in the Primary Care medical records of patients diagnosed with COPD was found to be low, and with little adaptation to the accepted diagnostic criteria in the guidelines that are used routinely (AU)

[The adequacy of the diagnostic in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. / Adecuación diagnóstica en la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the adequacy to the clinical guides (GOLD/SEPAR) for the diagnosis of the patients classified as COPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We selected all COPD cases in the registry of chronic patients of 28 general practitioners from 9 Health Centres in the province of Ourense (Spain). A total of 382 cases were included. Diagnostic accuracy was determined according to the results of spirometry. We identify factors associated with correct diagnosis by logistic regression which included age, gender, residence (rural/urban), smoking, severity, level of follow up and time since diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the total number included, 297 were male (77.7%) and 172 patients (45.0%) came from rural areas. The average age was 77.0 (SD=±11.0) years, with a mean age at diagnosis of 64.9 (±12.0) years and the time from diagnosis was 11.5 (±8.0) years. Less than half (49.1%) patients had been smokers, and 13.1% still smoked. Twenty-six cases (6.8%) were diagnosed in Primary Care. The FEV(1)/FVC ratio was recorded in 174 (45.5%) patients, with less than 0.7 in 138 cases (36.1%), which were considered as correctly diagnosed. In these patients the FEV(1) had been recorded in 125 cases (90.6%). A correct diagnosis was associated with severe or very severe disease (OR 5.2; 95% CI; 1.5-17.4), urban areas (OR 6.1; 95% CI, 1.7-21.2), and younger than 60 years (OR 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3-11.2). CONCLUSION: The number of spirometry results recorded in the Primary Care medical records of patients diagnosed with COPD was found to be low, and with little adaptation to the accepted diagnostic criteria in the guidelines that are used routinely.

Eficacia analgésica del bloqueo de los nervios pectorales en cirugía de mama / No disponible

Introducción: Los procedimientos de reconstrucción mamaria tienen una rápida recuperación postoperatoria producen un dolor de moderado a intenso requiriendo un abordaje multimodal para garantizar un buen control postoperatorio del mismo. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en 20 mujeres con cáncer de mama programadas para cirugía con reconstrucción mamaria. Previo a la anestesia general, como parte del abordaje multimodal del dolor, se realizó un bloqueo de los nervios pectorales utilizando una sonda lineal de ultrasonidos. Se localizó el espacio entre los músculos pectorales mayor y menor para luego depositar un bolo de 0,4 ml/kg de levobupivacaína al 0,25%. Treinta minutos antes de finalizar la cirugía se administraron 50 mg de dexketoprofeno y 1 g de paracetamol intravenoso, pautado posteriormente cada 8 horas respectivamente. La analgesia de rescate fue 2 mg de cloruro mórfico. La evaluación postoperatoria del dolor fue realizada a los 30 minutos, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 y 48 horas, mediante la escala verbal numérica (de 0 = no dolor a 10= máximo dolor imaginable). A las 48 horas se realizó una encuesta del grado de satisfacción y de la técnica analgésica mediante un cuestionario directo. Las náuseas y vómitos se evalúan al ingreso en la unidad de recuperación postanestésica, a las 24 y 48 horas mediante escala numérica de 0 a 3.Resultados: De los 20 pacientes a los 30 minutos postcirugía,11 presentaron dolor leve o nulo (< 3), 6 dolor moderado (4-5) y solo 3 dolor severo (> 6). En las evaluaciones posteriores de dolor ningún paciente presentó dolor severo. La valoración de la técnica (..) (AU)

Introduction: Breast reconstructive surgery has a fast recovery, and the pain can be classified between moderate to severe during the postoperative period. This is why a multimodal approach is required. Material and methods: Prospective observational study in 20 women booked for reconstructive breast surgery. Prior to the operation we performed an ultrasound guided “pecs block” with a linear probe. This was part of the multimodal approach for pain control. The plane between the pectoralis major and minor was located and 0.4 ml/kg of 0.25% levobupivacaine was injected. Thirty minutes before the end of surgery dexketoprofeno (50 mg i.v.) and paracetamol(1 g i.v.) were administered. Rescue analgesia was prescribed as morphine 2 mg. Postoperative pain evaluation was recorded at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours by visual analog scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst imaginable pain). At 48 hours we performed a grade of satisfaction evaluation. Nausea and vomitus were evaluated at admission, 24 and 48 hours with a numeric scale from 0 to 3.Results: Out of the 20 patients 11 presented with pain less than 3, 6 with moderate pain (3 to 6) and only 3 with severe pain(more than 6). At a later stage no patient presented with severe pain. Grade of satisfaction was recorded as very good or excellent in 16 cases, good in 3 cases and only one regular. No patient said it was bad. In relation with nausea and vomitus 17 presented with none, 2 were moderate and 1 was severe. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided “Pecs block” can be useful inreconstructive breast surgery as part of the multimodal strategy for postoperative pain control. It can be consider as an alternative to paravertebral or thoracic epidurals (AU)

Complicaciones tras esofagoscopia rígida y posterior colocación de sonda nasogástrica / No disponible

No disponible