ABSTRACT
The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil occurred in regions where dengue viruses (DENV) are historically endemic. We investigated the differences in adverse pregnancy/infant outcomes in two cohorts comprising 114 pregnant women with PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil (n = 50) and Manaus, in the north region of the country (n = 64). Prior exposure to DENV was evaluated through plaque reduction neutralizing antibody assays (PRNT 80) and DENV IgG serologies. Potential associations between pregnancy outcomes and Zika attack rates in the two cities were explored. Overall, 31 women (27%) had adverse pregnancy/infant outcomes, 27 in Rio (54%) and 4 in Manaus (6%), p < 0.001. This included 4 pregnancy losses (13%) and 27 infants with abnormalities at birth (24%). A total of 93 women (82%) had evidence of prior DENV exposure, 45 in Rio (90%) and 48 in Manaus (75%). Zika attack rates differed; the rate in Rio was 10.28 cases/10,000 and in Manaus, 0.6 cases/10,000, p < 0.001. Only Zika attack rates (Odds Ratio: 17.6, 95% Confidence Interval 5.6-55.9, p < 0.001) and infection in the first trimester of pregnancy (OR: 4.26, 95% CI 1.4-12.9, p = 0.011) were associated with adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. Pre-existing immunity to DENV was not associated with outcomes (normal or abnormal) in patients with ZIKV infection during pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Pregnancy Outcome , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/virology , Zika Virus , Adult , Antibodies, Viral , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Coinfection , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/virology , Female , Health Impact Assessment , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Prevalence , Public Health Surveillance , Risk Factors , Young Adult , Zika Virus/immunology , Zika Virus Infection/diagnosisABSTRACT
Avaliou-se a prevalência de anticorpos para as hepatites A e B em 3.653 indivíduos, em quatro regiöes brasileiras. As prevalências de anti-VHA e de anti-HBc foram 64,7 por cento e 7,9 por cento, respectivamente. Prevalências mais elevadas de anti-VHA (92,8 por cento)e de anti-HBc (21,4 por cento) foram observadas na regiäo Norte. Em outras regiöes, prevalências de anti-VHA acima de 90 por cento foram alcancadas apenas em idades mais avançadas, indicando uma endemicidade intermediária e prevalência significativamente mais elevada foi observada no grupo de baixo nível sócio-econômico, entre 1 e 30 anos. Para o anti-HBc observou-se um aumento na prevalência entre adolescentes e uma prevalência significativamente mais elevada no grupo de baixo nível sócio-econômico, entre 1 e 20 anos. Prevalência de 3,1 por cento foi encontrada em crianças de 1 ano, sugerindo a transmissäo vertical. Os principais resultados deste estudo, indicam que pré-adolescente/adolescentes de algumas cidades brasileiras estäo em risco para as hepatites A e B, mas por diferentes motivos
