ABSTRACT
Background: Wild and captivity monkeys are infested by several parasites species, mainly, Strongyloides sp. and Acanthocephala sp, which has been identifi ed as the major causes of illness and death. However, Molineus torulosus is a pathogenic nematode found in Neotropical New World Primates and causes severe illness in small primates due to severe gastrointestinal injury. In South America, the parasite was described in Cebus apella and C. olivecaeus from French Guyana and were verifi ed the occurrence in tropical forests. Thus, it is the fi rst report about M. torulosus infestation in capitivity capuchin monkeys in Brazil.Case: Two capuchin monkeys were presented for necropsy. According to veterinarian the monkeys had about fi ve years old and weighed 0.9 kg and lived in a particular park in urban with 20 to 30 capuchin monkeys group. The veterinarian described that six capuchin monkeys were found dead in two months period. One of the monkeys were found dead and another one had respiratory disturbance, apathy, prostration, cyanotic mucosa, feces with green coloration and death after four days in observation and isolation of the group. Necropsy confi rmed emaciation and moderate splenomegaly, great amount of fibrin on the intestine and presence of multifocal 1 to 2 cm nodules in small intestine with numerous parasites mainly initial portion. In the small intestine, were found s
Background: Wild and captivity monkeys are infested by several parasites species, mainly, Strongyloides sp. and Acanthocephala sp, which has been identifi ed as the major causes of illness and death. However, Molineus torulosus is a pathogenic nematode found in Neotropical New World Primates and causes severe illness in small primates due to severe gastrointestinal injury. In South America, the parasite was described in Cebus apella and C. olivecaeus from French Guyana and were verifi ed the occurrence in tropical forests. Thus, it is the fi rst report about M. torulosus infestation in capitivity capuchin monkeys in Brazil.Case: Two capuchin monkeys were presented for necropsy. According to veterinarian the monkeys had about fi ve years old and weighed 0.9 kg and lived in a particular park in urban with 20 to 30 capuchin monkeys group. The veterinarian described that six capuchin monkeys were found dead in two months period. One of the monkeys were found dead and another one had respiratory disturbance, apathy, prostration, cyanotic mucosa, feces with green coloration and death after four days in observation and isolation of the group. Necropsy confi rmed emaciation and moderate splenomegaly, great amount of fibrin on the intestine and presence of multifocal 1 to 2 cm nodules in small intestine with numerous parasites mainly initial portion. In the small intestine, were found s
ABSTRACT
Background: Wild and captivity monkeys are infested by several parasites species, mainly, Strongyloides sp. and Acanthocephala sp, which has been identifi ed as the major causes of illness and death. However, Molineus torulosus is a pathogenic nematode found in Neotropical New World Primates and causes severe illness in small primates due to severe gastrointestinal injury. In South America, the parasite was described in Cebus apella and C. olivecaeus from French Guyana and were verifi ed the occurrence in tropical forests. Thus, it is the fi rst report about M. torulosus infestation in capitivity capuchin monkeys in Brazil.Case: Two capuchin monkeys were presented for necropsy. According to veterinarian the monkeys had about fi ve years old and weighed 0.9 kg and lived in a particular park in urban with 20 to 30 capuchin monkeys group. The veterinarian described that six capuchin monkeys were found dead in two months period. One of the monkeys were found dead and another one had respiratory disturbance, apathy, prostration, cyanotic mucosa, feces with green coloration and death after four days in observation and isolation of the group. Necropsy confi rmed emaciation and moderate splenomegaly, great amount of fibrin on the intestine and presence of multifocal 1 to 2 cm nodules in small intestine with numerous parasites mainly initial portion. In the small intestine, were found s
Background: Wild and captivity monkeys are infested by several parasites species, mainly, Strongyloides sp. and Acanthocephala sp, which has been identifi ed as the major causes of illness and death. However, Molineus torulosus is a pathogenic nematode found in Neotropical New World Primates and causes severe illness in small primates due to severe gastrointestinal injury. In South America, the parasite was described in Cebus apella and C. olivecaeus from French Guyana and were verifi ed the occurrence in tropical forests. Thus, it is the fi rst report about M. torulosus infestation in capitivity capuchin monkeys in Brazil.Case: Two capuchin monkeys were presented for necropsy. According to veterinarian the monkeys had about fi ve years old and weighed 0.9 kg and lived in a particular park in urban with 20 to 30 capuchin monkeys group. The veterinarian described that six capuchin monkeys were found dead in two months period. One of the monkeys were found dead and another one had respiratory disturbance, apathy, prostration, cyanotic mucosa, feces with green coloration and death after four days in observation and isolation of the group. Necropsy confi rmed emaciation and moderate splenomegaly, great amount of fibrin on the intestine and presence of multifocal 1 to 2 cm nodules in small intestine with numerous parasites mainly initial portion. In the small intestine, were found s
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted with the objective of obtaining pure autochthonous isolates of Anaplasma marginale from blood samples of bovines that have been raised in the tick-borne disease endemic area of the municipality of Goiânia. The inoculum of A. marginale was prepared from a donor animal, known to be natural carrier of hemoparasite mixed infections, after treatment with a babesicid sterilizing dose of imidocarb dipropionate. A 20 mL blood sample was collected from the donor animal 2 days post-infection and then transferred to a colostrum-deprived and hemoparasite free newborn calf. The receptor animal showed signs of fever and apathy with patent A. marginale parasitemia 30 days after inoculation. Blood sample was then collected and prepared as stabilates to be cryopreserved and to take part of an autochthonous blood parasites isolates library. The isolate purity was assured concomitantly by specific seroconversion tests, by PCR and by finally by the subinoculation of susceptible calves with the cryopreseved stabilates. It was confirmed that the use of colostrum-deprived free newborn calves as susceptible animals may be considered a practical and effective model to obtain pure hemoparasite isolates in endemic areas with additional advantages such as feasibility and low cost. Key words: Anaplasma marginale, isolates, calves, bovine anaplasmosis.
O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo principal de obter isolados autóctones puros de Anaplasma marginale a partir de amostra de sangue de bovino criado em uma área endêmica para a tristeza parasitária bovina no município de Goiânia. Obteve-se o inóculo para o isolamento de A. marginale de animal doador, portador de infecções naturais mistas, após receber tratamento seletivo com dose babesicida esterelizante de dipropionato de imidocarb. Dois dias após esse tratamento, colheu-se dele uma amostra de sangue de 20 mL do animal doador para inoculação em bezerro neonato privado de colostro e livre de infecções por hemoparasitos. Após trinta dias da inoculação, o receptor apresentou febre, apatia e parasitemia patente por A. marginale. Amostras de sangue foram então colhidas e preparadas na forma de estabilizados para serem criopreservadas e, assim, comporem banco de isolados de hemoparasitos autóctones. Realizou-se a comprovação da pureza do isolado, concomitantemente, pela demonstração de soroconversão específica, pela reação de PCR e, ainda, pela subinoculação da amostra criopreservada em bezerro suscetível. Constatou-se ainda que o uso de bezerros neonatos privados de colostro, como animais suscetíveis, pode ser considerado como modelo prático, eficaz e relativamente barato para o isolamento de hemoparasitos em regiões endêmicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Anaplasma marginale, anaplasmos
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted with the objective of obtaining pure autochthonous isolates of Anaplasma marginale from blood samples of bovines that have been raised in the tick-borne disease endemic area of the municipality of Goiânia. The inoculum of A. marginale was prepared from a donor animal, known to be natural carrier of hemoparasite mixed infections, after treatment with a babesicid sterilizing dose of imidocarb dipropionate. A 20 mL blood sample was collected from the donor animal 2 days post-infection and then transferred to a colostrum-deprived and hemoparasite free newborn calf. The receptor animal showed signs of fever and apathy with patent A. marginale parasitemia 30 days after inoculation. Blood sample was then collected and prepared as stabilates to be cryopreserved and to take part of an autochthonous blood parasites isolates library. The isolate purity was assured concomitantly by specific seroconversion tests, by PCR and by finally by the subinoculation of susceptible calves with the cryopreseved stabilates. It was confirmed that the use of colostrum-deprived free newborn calves as susceptible animals may be considered a practical and effective model to obtain pure hemoparasite isolates in endemic areas with additional advantages such as feasibility and low cost. Key words: Anaplasma marginale, isolates, calves, bovine anaplasmosis.
O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo principal de obter isolados autóctones puros de Anaplasma marginale a partir de amostra de sangue de bovino criado em uma área endêmica para a tristeza parasitária bovina no município de Goiânia. Obteve-se o inóculo para o isolamento de A. marginale de animal doador, portador de infecções naturais mistas, após receber tratamento seletivo com dose babesicida esterelizante de dipropionato de imidocarb. Dois dias após esse tratamento, colheu-se dele uma amostra de sangue de 20 mL do animal doador para inoculação em bezerro neonato privado de colostro e livre de infecções por hemoparasitos. Após trinta dias da inoculação, o receptor apresentou febre, apatia e parasitemia patente por A. marginale. Amostras de sangue foram então colhidas e preparadas na forma de estabilizados para serem criopreservadas e, assim, comporem banco de isolados de hemoparasitos autóctones. Realizou-se a comprovação da pureza do isolado, concomitantemente, pela demonstração de soroconversão específica, pela reação de PCR e, ainda, pela subinoculação da amostra criopreservada em bezerro suscetível. Constatou-se ainda que o uso de bezerros neonatos privados de colostro, como animais suscetíveis, pode ser considerado como modelo prático, eficaz e relativamente barato para o isolamento de hemoparasitos em regiões endêmicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Anaplasma marginale, anaplasmos
ABSTRACT
The bovine tripanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax was reported for the first time in Brazil by Shaw & Lainson, in 1972, in Pará. Recently it has been reported in several areas of the Pantanal Mato-Grossense Region. The objective of the present paper was to report, for the first time, the occurrence of T. vivax in the State of Tocantins, in a Brahman herd of 250 animals, which had been introduced into a property in the municipality of Formoso do Araguaia, coming from São Paulo. From animals presenting signs of weakness, 9 was randomly chosen for detailed clinical assessment and laboratory exams such as blood smears and hematocrit. These animals presented weigh loss, edema, fever and mucous membrane paleness. The microscopic smear examination revealed high parasitemias for T. vivax in samples of three animals, with the packet cell volumes ranging between 15 and 20%. The herd history, the ecosystem of the area and the results of the clinical and laboratory exams confirmed the occurrence of an outbreak of trypanosomiasis by T. vivax in a bovine herd in the State of Tocantins. KEY WORDS: Trypanosoma vivax, bovine trypanosomiasis, Tocantins, epidemiology.
A tripanossomíase bovina por Trypanosoma vivax foi registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil por SHAW & LAINSON, em 1972, no Pará. Recentemente, tem sido reportada em várias regiões do Pantanal Mato-Grossense. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de T. vivax no Estado do Tocantins, em um rebanho composto de 250 animais da raça Brahman, recém-introduzido em uma propriedade no município de Formoso do Araguaia, procedente de São Paulo. Esc olheram- se ao acaso nove animais que apresentavam sinais de debilidade para a execução de exames clínicos detalhados e colheita de sangue para preparo de esfregaços sangüíneos e determinação do hematócrito. Entre os animais examinados observaram-see emagrecimento, edema de barbela, febre e palidez de mucosa. O exame microscópico revelou parasitemias elevadas por T. vivax em amostras de três animais, cujos hematócritos apresentavam valores entre 15% e 20%. O histórico do rebanho, o ecossistema da região e os resultados dos exames clínicos e laboratoriais confirmaram a ocorrência de um surto de tripanossomíase por T. vivax em um rebanho no Estado do Tocantins. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epidemiologia, Trypanosoma vivax, Tocantins, tripanossomíase bovina.
ABSTRACT
The bovine tripanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax was reported for the first time in Brazil by Shaw & Lainson, in 1972, in Pará. Recently it has been reported in several areas of the Pantanal Mato-Grossense Region. The objective of the present paper was to report, for the first time, the occurrence of T. vivax in the State of Tocantins, in a Brahman herd of 250 animals, which had been introduced into a property in the municipality of Formoso do Araguaia, coming from São Paulo. From animals presenting signs of weakness, 9 was randomly chosen for detailed clinical assessment and laboratory exams such as blood smears and hematocrit. These animals presented weigh loss, edema, fever and mucous membrane paleness. The microscopic smear examination revealed high parasitemias for T. vivax in samples of three animals, with the packet cell volumes ranging between 15 and 20%. The herd history, the ecosystem of the area and the results of the clinical and laboratory exams confirmed the occurrence of an outbreak of trypanosomiasis by T. vivax in a bovine herd in the State of Tocantins. KEY WORDS: Trypanosoma vivax, bovine trypanosomiasis, Tocantins, epidemiology.
A tripanossomíase bovina por Trypanosoma vivax foi registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil por SHAW & LAINSON, em 1972, no Pará. Recentemente, tem sido reportada em várias regiões do Pantanal Mato-Grossense. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de T. vivax no Estado do Tocantins, em um rebanho composto de 250 animais da raça Brahman, recém-introduzido em uma propriedade no município de Formoso do Araguaia, procedente de São Paulo. Esc olheram- se ao acaso nove animais que apresentavam sinais de debilidade para a execução de exames clínicos detalhados e colheita de sangue para preparo de esfregaços sangüíneos e determinação do hematócrito. Entre os animais examinados observaram-see emagrecimento, edema de barbela, febre e palidez de mucosa. O exame microscópico revelou parasitemias elevadas por T. vivax em amostras de três animais, cujos hematócritos apresentavam valores entre 15% e 20%. O histórico do rebanho, o ecossistema da região e os resultados dos exames clínicos e laboratoriais confirmaram a ocorrência de um surto de tripanossomíase por T. vivax em um rebanho no Estado do Tocantins. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epidemiologia, Trypanosoma vivax, Tocantins, tripanossomíase bovina.