Ethnocentrism and place identity in the consumption of local products.

Research on the consumption of local products is essential to promote sustainability, boost local economies, and preserve cultural identity. Although a positive relationship has been demonstrated between attitude towards local products and consumption determinants, the role of the former as a mediator has not been sufficiently explored. This study examines how the attitude towards local products mediates between consumer ethnocentrism and consumption intention, as well as between place identity and consumption intention. A total of 1325 wine and cheese consumers in the Canary Islands were surveyed using a moderated mediation model, applying PLS-SEM. The results indicate that attitude towards local products mediates the aforementioned relationships but does not moderate them according to the type of local product. Consequently, marketing strategies should focus on the emotional and cultural connection that consumers establish with local products, highlighting their value in terms of identity and belonging.

[Prevalence and factors associated with subjective cognitive complaints in Latin American health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Prevalencia y factores asociados con las quejas cognitivas subjetivas del personal sanitario latinoamericano durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Background and objectives: An increase in emotional disturbances and complaints about cognitive performance has been observed in Latin American healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which can affect attention capacity and increase the levels of stress and burnout of these professionals. The objective was to analyse subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and associated factors in health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic in five Latin American countries.Methods: Multicentre cross-sectional study, which included 3,738 professionals from Colombia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression, and the Mini-Z to assess Burnout. For the SCC, an item on cognitive concerns in attention and memory was used.Results: The prevalence of cognitive complaints was 69.2%. The factors associated with a higher risk of SCC were the scores in the GAD-7, PHQ and Mini-Z, in addition to being part of the Ecuadorian health personnel.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of SCC in health personnel, which is modulated by emotional states and stress.

Acute Thalamic Ischemic Stroke in an Older Patient Newly Vaccinated with COVID-19 Vaccine Based on Adenoviral Vectors.

Introduction: Recent reports have shown several cases of cerebrovascular events after vaccination against COVID-19. The effects have been described mainly in women within the first two weeks of receiving the vaccine. Clinical Case: We describe here the first Colombian case of a cerebrovascular event after vaccination against COVID-19 in a 67-year-old woman with a vascular history. Four days after application of the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine, she exhibited deviation of the labial commissure, ipsilateral ptosis, and limitation of march with lateralization. The event was associated with a subacute ischemic event in the right thalamus in parasagittal situation, changes in chronic ischemic microangiopathy of small vessels, and vascular crossing in the right cerebellar angle, without other alternative causes. Conclusion: The development and rapid use of vaccines has allowed the hospitalization and mortality statistics associated with COVID-19 to be reduced, but at the same time, it has generated concern about the potential side effects, generating controversy among the general population, especially in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. In our case, we provided evidence for the discussion of potential cerebrovascular events related to the application of vaccines in older people with a history of cerebrovascular diseases. This was done in order to analyze and control in subsequent studies the modulation of medical history on the likely effects of vaccination. However, despite the unavoidable side effects, the benefits of vaccination are superior.

Prevalence and outcomes of acute-on-chronic liver failure among cirrhotic patients admitted for an acute decompensation / Prevalencia y evolución de fracaso hepático crónico agudizado en pacientes cirróticos ingresados por descompensación aguda

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a common syndrome that occurs in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. It consists of the rapid failure of various organs and is associated with high short-term mortality. We aim to describe the main features and outcomes of inpatients who developed ACLF and to identify the factors associated with in-hospital and 28-day mortality. Patients and methods: All patients meeting ACLF criteria with advanced chronic liver disease admitted for decompensation from January 2014 to December 2016 were identified. Clinical and biological data were collected at the time of ACLF diagnosis and at 3–7 days thereafter, as well as in-hospital and 28-day mortality. Results: Eighty nine out of 354 admission episodes (28%) developed ACLF, which was present at the time of admission in 72% of cases. A precipitating factor was identified in 83% of cases, the most frequent being infection (53%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (19%). In the multivariate regression analysis, the ACLF grade at 3–7 days after diagnosis was predictive of in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality, and lower creatinine and bilirubin levels at the time of ACLF diagnosis and a precipitating factor other than bacterial infection were associated with ACLF reversion at 3–7 days. Conclusions: ACLF is a frequent complication among patients with chronic liver disease admitted for acute decompensations and is associated with a high mortality rate and is related to the number of organs involved. Bacterial infection is the most frequent precipitating factor of ACLF and probably entails a worse prognosis.(AU)

Introducción: La insuficiencia hepática crónica agudizada (IHCA) es una complicación frecuente en pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica avanzada. Consiste en el fracaso de varios órganos y se asocia a una elevada mortalidad a corto plazo. El objetivo fue describir las características y evolución de los pacientes ingresados que desarrollan IHCA e identificar los factores asociados con mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a 28 días.Pacientes y métodos: Se identificaron los pacientes que cumplían criterios de IHCA con enfermedad hepática avanzada ingresados por descompensación de Enero 2014 a Diciembre 2016. Se recogieron datos clínicos y analíticos en el momento de presentar IHCA y a los 3-7 días así como mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a los 28 días. Resultados: Ochenta y nueve de 354 ingresos (28%) desarrollaron IHCA, el 72% de los casos IHCA era presente al ingreso. Se identificó un factor precipitante en el 83% de los casos, el más frecuentes fue la infección (53%). En el análisis multivariante, el grado de IHCA a los 3-7 días del diagnóstico se asoció a mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a los 28 días. Niveles de creatinina y bilirrubina en el momento del diagnóstico de IHCA y un factor precipitante distinto de infección bacteriana, se asoció con mejoría del grado de IHCA a los 3-7 días. Conclusiones: IHCA es una complicación frecuente en los pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica avanzada ingresados por descompensación aguda y se asocia a una elevada mortalidad. Las infecciones bacterianas es el factor precipitante mas frecuente de IHCA y probablemente conlleva un peor pronóstico.(AU)

Prevalence and outcomes of acute-on-chronic liver failure among cirrhotic patients admitted for an acute decompensation.

BACKGROUND: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a common syndrome that occurs in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. It consists of the rapid failure of various organs and is associated with high short-term mortality. We aim to describe the main features and outcomes of inpatients who developed ACLF and to identify the factors associated with in-hospital and 28-day mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients meeting ACLF criteria with advanced chronic liver disease admitted for decompensation from January 2014 to December 2016 were identified. Clinical and biological data were collected at the time of ACLF diagnosis and at 3-7 days thereafter, as well as in-hospital and 28-day mortality. RESULTS: Eighty nine out of 354 admission episodes (28%) developed ACLF, which was present at the time of admission in 72% of cases. A precipitating factor was identified in 83% of cases, the most frequent being infection (53%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (19%). In the multivariate regression analysis, the ACLF grade at 3-7 days after diagnosis was predictive of in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality, and lower creatinine and bilirubin levels at the time of ACLF diagnosis and a precipitating factor other than bacterial infection were associated with ACLF reversion at 3-7 days. CONCLUSIONS: ACLF is a frequent complication among patients with chronic liver disease admitted for acute decompensations and is associated with a high mortality rate and is related to the number of organs involved. Bacterial infection is the most frequent precipitating factor of ACLF and probably entails a worse prognosis.

An Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Predict Local Wine Consumption Intention and Behaviour.

The consumption of local agricultural products boosts the regional economy and employment whilst preserving the rural landscape and environment. In this research, the background of local wine consumption behaviour will be studied, using an extended model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The study was conducted in the Canary Islands with a sample of 762 people. The results confirmed a relationship between intention and perceived behavioural control. Furthermore, the ethnocentric personality was found to have a positive influence and the cosmopolitan personality a negative influence. The personal norm and place identity were also confirmed to be related to attitudes towards such behaviour. This study contributes to the literature by adding constructs to this theory that are relevant to local wine consumption. It also addresses the implications for those involved in the marketing of local products.

Breastfeeding counseling based on formative research at primary healthcare Services in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding rates in Mexico are far from World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations with 28.8% of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) under 6 months of age, according to the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Formative research has shown that culturally appropriate counseling is an effective breastfeeding intervention. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of interpersonal counseling on EBF in a primary healthcare center in Tijuana, México. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial pilot with a sample of mothers with infants under 4 months of age from a primary care center. Participants were randomized into two groups: 1) Control group, received counseling on immunizations and standard infant feeding information, and 2) Intervention group, receiving breastfeeding counseling using a socio-ecological framework. Changes in breastfeeding attitudes, self-efficacy and EBF were evaluated at 2 months post-intervention. RESULTS: A total of 80 mothers completed the 2 month follow up assessment (40 in each group). The mean age at baseline was 26.4 years for mothers and 1.4 months for infants. There was a 30% increase in EBF at 2 months follow up in the intervention group and 15% decrease in the control group post-intervention. We observed a significant improvement in breastfeeding attitudes (P = 0.0001), self-efficacy (P = 0.046) and EBF (P = 0.0001) in the intervention group. Reported obstacles were discomfort of breastfeeding in public (23%), infant dissatisfaction (23%), pain (19%), insufficient milk supply (15%) and returning to work (8%). CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding counseling based on previous formative research improved breastfeeding attitudes, self-efficacy and practices in this population. These findings suggest that the promotion of breastfeeding utilizing a socio-ecological framework may improve breastfeeding rates by addressing the needs of women within their varying sociocultural contexts. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN: ACTRN12621000915853 . Retrospectively registered.

Refinement of the Griess method for measuring nitrite in biological samples.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive gas that participates in many physiological as well as pathogenic processes in higher eukaryotic organisms. Inflammatory responses elicit higher levels of this molecule. Nevertheless, there are many technical challenges to accurately measure the amount of NO produced. Previously, a method using whole-cell extracts from Escherichia coli was able to generate the conversion of nitrate into nitrite to measure the amount of nitrate or indirectly the NO present in a sample using the Griess reaction. Here we present an improvement to this method, by using E. coli whole-cell extracts lacking one of the two nitrite reductases, rendered a more precise measurement when coupled with the Griess reaction than our previous report. Alternatively, osmotic stress showed to downregulate the expression of both nitrate reductases, which can be an alternative for indirect nitrate and NO reduction. The results presented here show an easy method for nitrate and NO reduction to nitrite and avoid the reconversion to nitrate, also as an alternative for other analytical methods that are based on cadmium, purified nitrate reductase enzyme, or salicylic methods to reduce NO. This method can be widely used for measuring NO production in living organisms, soil, and other relevant microbiological samples.

Brote de Plasmodium falciparum, en tropas guatemaltecas desplegada en misión de paz en República democrática del congo (RDC) / Plasmodium falciparum outbreak in Guatemalan troops deployed in peacekeeping mission in democratic republic of congo (DRC)

Antecedentes: La República de Guatemala desde el año 2003 ha sido parte de los contingentes de mantenimiento y estabilización de la paz en las Naciones Unidas, con tropas desplegadas en las Repúblicas de Haití y república Democrática del Congo. El 2 de noviembre de 2010, la Oficina Regional Para Centro América y Panamá de los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermdades de Estados Unidos (CDC-CAP), recibió una llamada del Centro Médico Militar de la ciudad de Guatemala, respecto a un soldado recién regresado de la República democrática del Congo (CRD) con un cuadro de enfermedad febril muy sugerente de malaria. El paciente falleció 48 horas después de haber sido admitido al hospital...

Urinary bladder paraganglioma in childhood: a case report and review of the literature.

Bladder paraganglioma (BP) is a rare entity and is exceedingly uncommon in childhood. Pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas are components of several hereditary cancer syndromes, and up to 30% may be associated with germ-line mutations of genes, including VHL, RET, and SDH. We present a 16-year-old female who was admitted with macroscopic hematuria and anemia. A cystoscopy demonstrated a polypoid and hemorrhagic mass arising from the floor of the bladder. She underwent a transurethral resection of clinically suspected urothelial papilloma. A histologic examination of the tumor showed large polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, arranged in a zellballen pattern, surrounded by a fibrous network. Immunohistochemical studies showed a strong expression of neuroendocrine markers and lack of reactivity for epithelial markers. The diagnosis of BP was established; eight months later, a recurrence was observed and the patient underwent a partial cystectomy. Our case represents the 1st BP in childhood reported in the literature with absent SDHB staining by immunohistochemistry. We discuss the clinical and pathologic findings and present a review of BP in childhood.

Separation of oil-water-sludge emulsions coming from palm oil mill process through microwave techniques.

The palm oil mills extraction process requires the separation of oil-water-sludge emulsions. For this purpose, the use of sedimentation and/or centrifugation techniques have been required until now. However, significant losses persist in different process flows and new methods are needed to further decrease them, such as methods based on electromagnetic waves application. In the study, emulsions obtained from two flow processes, namely press liquor stream (PL) and recovered stream of the centrifugal step (RC), were exposed to microwave radiation with different exposure times. In the case of the press liquor stream, different oil/water dilution ratios were also studied. The sedimentation speed and efficiency were studied for the irradiated samples and compared to those obtained for the same fluids with no radiation. Also, chromatographic tests were performed on the recovered oil to determine the effect on the oil quality after microwave radiation. The obtained results allow us to conclude that microwave exposure during periods below 1 minute lead to better sedimentation speed and efficiency. It was observed that microwaves facilitate the break of the charges and polarities balances in the emulsions at considerably lower temperatures than the corresponding in the conventional process, without affecting the recovered oil quality.

Estudio epidemiológico del trastorno por estrés postraumático en población desplazada por la violencia política en Colombia / Epidemiological study of postraumatic stress disorder in population displaced by political violence in Colombia

El presente documento muestra los resultados obtenidos con relación a la identificación y caracterización de síntomas propios del trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) en población desplazada colombiana. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 851 adultos seleccionados por muestreo, estratificado en 15 asentamientos de población desplazada ubicados en la ciudad de Bucaramanga y en el área metropolitana de Colombia. Se valoró la presencia de TEPT por medio del CAPS y DTS, y se encontró una prevalencia actual de trauma psicológico del 21 porciento. Se pudo establecer como factores asociados por medio de análisis de regresión logística: el estado civil, particularmente el ser casados o vivir en unión libre; la edad (OR = 1.02, p < 0.00); la escolaridad (OR = 1.06, p < 0.000); la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol (OR = 2.45, IC = 1.25-4.82) y la morbilidad física de tipo crónico (OR = 5.31, p < 0.000).

A cross-sectional study with a stratified-selected sample of 851 adults from 15 displaced people settlements in the city of Bucaramanga and metropolitan areas of Colombia was carried out in order to identify and describe symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Presence of the disorder was assessed with the CAPS and DTS scales, and current prevalence of psychological trauma was 21 per cent. Associated factors established by means of LogisticRegression included Marital Status (particularly being married or living together); Age (OR = 1.02, p < 0.00); Education Level (OR = 1.06, p < 0.00), Alcohol Consumption Frequency (OR = 2.45, CI = 1.25-4.82) and ChronicPhysical Disease (OR = 5.31, p < 0.000).

Factores de riesgo asociados a la depresión en pacientes de la consulta dermatológica en dos hospitales de la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia) / Associated risk factors to depression in dermatology care at hospitals in the city of Barranquilla (Colombia)

objetivos: Analizar los factores personales y familiares asociados a la depresión en los pacientes dela consulta externa dermatológica del Hospital Universidad del Norte y del Hospital Nazareth de laciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia).Resultados: Se encontró una fuerte asociación entre la presencia de depresión y los antecedentespersonales y familiares de la enfermedad, la evolución prolongada de la enfermedad dermatológica, laspérdidas laborales y afectivas, la presencia de enfermedad concomitante y la disfuncionalidad familiar.Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que la depresión en los pacientes con trastornos dermatológicosestá asociada a la influencia de factores similares a los encontrados en la población general, a lo cualse añade el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad dermatológica y la disfuncionalidad familiar.

Objectives: To analyze the association between personal and familiar factors and the presence ofdepression in dermatologic patients that attend the outpatient service at the Hospital Universidaddel Norte and the Hospital Nazareth in Barranquilla.Methods: A cross sectional study was designed within a population of 339 dermatology outpatients.The sample was selected by systematic sampling methods. Cases were defined as having some degreeof depression diagnosed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and controls as those who werenegative. Individual factors studied were: sex, marriage and economic status, length of evolution ofdermatological disorder, former history of depression, loss of job and loss of loved ones. Familiar factorsanalyzed were family history of psychiatric disorders, depression and familiar function. Data analysiswas computerized and the prevalence odds ratios (POR) and their confidence intervals werecalculated. The significance tests for association utilized were Chi-squared and Fisher.Results: Depression was associated to: personal and familiar background of depression, length ofevolution of the dermatological problem ...

Otitis media aguda en lactantes

Se estudiaron 100 lactantes y niños del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social, con diagnóstico clínico, otoscópico y neumatoscópico de otitis media aguda, a quienes se efectuó timpanocentésis diagnóstica. Todos fueron tratados con la asociación eritromicina sulfisoxazole a 50 mg/Kg/día, en base a eritromicina, durante 10 días. También se estudiaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, patogenéticas y de diagnóstico. El 77% de niños cursaban con algún grado de desnutrición, la causa predisponente más importante fue infección respiratoria superior en 53% de pacientes, en sus mayoría infecciones unilaterales. Fiebre, irritabilidad y anorexia destacaron entre los síntomas. Hiperemia y opacidad fueron los hallazgos otoscópicos sobresalientes. Los gérmenes que predominaron en los cultivos fueron Neumococo, Estafilococo aureus y H. influenzae con 43, 17 y 13% respectivamente. El 21% de los cultivos fueron informados negativos. El 95.9% de 97 pacientes que terminaron el tratamiento, respondieron satisfactoriamente al tratamiento, siendo mínimos los efectos adversos atribuibles al mismo; hubo 3 fracasos terapéuticos asociados a resistencia bacteriana. Se efectuó pruebas audiométricas a 20 pacientes, las que fueron normales en su totalidad. Se concluye que para el tratamiento de la otitis media aguda, la asociación eritromicina-sulfisoxazole es eficaz y segura para lactantes y niños pequeños

Otitis media aguda en niños y su tratamiento con eritromicina-sulfisoxazol / Acute otitis media in children and its treatment with erythromycin-sulfisoxazole

Se estudiaron 100 niños del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social, con diagnóstico clínico, otoscópico y neumatoscópico de otitis media aguda, a quienes se efectuó timpanocentesis diagnóstica. Todos fueron tratados con una combinación de eritromicina y sulfisoxazol, 50 mg/kg/día, durante 10 días. También se estudiaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, patogénicas y de diagnóstico. El 77% de niños cursaba con algún grado de desnutrición; la causa predisponente más importante fue infección respiratoria superior en 53% de los pacientes, en su mayoría infecciones unilaterales. Fiebre, irritabilidad y anorexia destacaron entre los síntomas. Hipermia y opacidad fueron los datos otoscópicos sobresalientes. Los gérmenes que predominaron en los cultivos fueron Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Haemophylus influenzae, con 43, 17 y 13% respectivamente. El 21% de los cultivos fueron informados como negativos; 95,9% de 97 pacientes terminaron el tratamiento, respondieron satisfactoriamente, siendo mínimos los efectos indeseables atribuibles al mismo; hubo tres fracasos terapéuticos relacionados con resistencia bacteriana. Se realizaron pruebas audiométricas a 20 pacientes, que fueron normales en su totalidad. Se concluye que para el tratamiento de la otitis media aguda, la asociación eritromicina-sulfisoxazol es eficaz y segura para niños pequeños