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1.
Open Respir Arch ; 6(3): 100336, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38966282

ABSTRACT

Objective: To characterize long-term patient-reported symptoms and quality of life, in adults after COVID-19. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study in Cantabria (Northern Spain) including adults with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 694) with a time period between 4.7 and 24 month post-SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, and their close contacts (n = 663) (PCR negative and without suspected infection) obtained from simple random sampling of a total of 47,773 cases and 94,301 close contacts. The ISARIC survey was used as screening tool with self-reported "non-feeling fully recovery (NFFR)" defined as primary outcome. Results: 16.57% (n = 115/694) reported NFFR. Most prevalent symptoms were in order of frequency: Fatigue (54.8%); Loss of smell (40.9%); Problems speaking or communicating (29.6%); Loss of taste (28.7%); Confusion/lack of concentration (27.8%); Persistent muscle pain (24.3%) and Shortness of breath/breathlessness (23.5%). When comparing the three ordinal groups (Close contacts, COVID-19 feeling recovered, and COVID-19 NFFR) the prevalence of these symptoms was increasingly higher among each ordinal group (p < 0.001). Female gender was significantly associated with NFFR: (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.56); as well as older age: aOR per 10 year increment = 1.15. Lastly, they scored on average 9.63 points less in Euroquol. Conclusions: More than 15% of patients in our real-life population-based study, reported NFFR, being female sex and older age independent predictors of this condition. Most symptoms in these patients were in accordance with WHO definition of post COVID-19 condition in adults, and were less prevalent in COVID-19 feeling recovered and close contact respectively, with a statistically significant dose-response pattern, and with a large decrease in quality of life according to Euroquol.


Objetivo: Caracterizar los síntomas y la calidad de vida informados a largo plazo después de un episodio agudo de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal en Cantabria (norte de España) que incluye adultos con infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada por PCR (n = 694) tras un periodo entre 4,7 y 24 meses desde el diagnóstico y sus contactos estrechos (n = 663), obtenidos por muestreo aleatorio simple a partir de 47.773 casos y 94.301 contactos. Se utilizó la encuesta ISARIC, estableciéndose como variable resultado principal la respuesta «no-sentirse completamente recuperado (NSCR)¼. Resultados: El 16,57% (n = 115/694) declararon NSCR. Los síntomas más prevalentes fueron, por orden de frecuencia: fatiga (54,8%), pérdida del olfato (40,9%), problemas para hablar o comunicarse (29,6%), pérdida del gusto (28,7%), confusión/falta de concentración (27,8%), dolor muscular persistente (24,3%) y dificultad para respirar/falta de aire (23,5%). Al comparar los tres grupos ordinales (contactos estrechos, COVID-19 recuperados y COVID-19 NSCR), la prevalencia de estos síntomas fue mayor en cada grupo (p < 0,001). El sexo femenino se asoció significativamente con NSCR: Odds Ratio ajustada (aOR) = 1,56), así como la edad avanzada: aOR por cada 10 años = 1,15. Por último, obtuvieron en Euroquol una puntuación media de 9,63 puntos menos. Conclusiones: Más del 15% de los pacientes reportaron NSCR, siendo el sexo femenino y la edad factores predictores independientes. La mayoría de los síntomas en estos pacientes coincidieron con los de la definición de condición post-COVID-19 de la OMS y fueron menos prevalentes en contactos estrechos y COVID-19 que se sintieron recuperados, con un patrón dosis respuesta, y con una menor calidad de vida según Euroquol.

2.
Pathogens ; 13(4)2024 Mar 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38668236

ABSTRACT

This research work focused on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boar from the Sierra Morena region. We conducted an ELISA analysis using meat juice samples. A total of 892 samples from six hunting seasons (2013-2019) were collected from the provinces that constitute the Sierra Morena Mountain range. These samples were analyzed using the Pigtype® ELISA kit, specifically developed for detecting T. gondii in meat juice. The overall prevalence of T. gondii in Sierra Morena was 23.2%. The highest prevalences were observed in Córdoba (31.6%) and Jaén (25.9%). These provinces exhibit the highest density of wild boar as well as the greatest presence of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Further in-depth studies are necessary, but it appears that the presence of wild felids and scavenger behavior may be associated with this observation.

3.
Almeida, André Luiz Cerqueira; Melo, Marcelo Dantas Tavares de; Bihan, David Costa de Souza Le; Vieira, Marcelo Luiz Campos; Pena, José Luiz Barros; Del Castillo, José Maria; Abensur, Henry; Hortegal, Renato de Aguiar; Otto, Maria Estefania Bosco; Piveta, Rafael Bonafim; Dantas, Maria Rosa; Assef, Jorge Eduardo; Beck, Adenalva Lima de Souza; Santo, Thais Harada Campos Espirito; Silva, Tonnison de Oliveira; Salemi, Vera Maria Cury; Rocon, Camila; Lima, Márcio Silva Miguel; Barberato, Silvio Henrique; Rodrigues, Ana Clara; Rabschkowisky, Arnaldo; Frota, Daniela do Carmo Rassi; Gripp, Eliza de Almeida; Barretto, Rodrigo Bellio de Mattos; Silva, Sandra Marques e; Cauduro, Sanderson Antonio; Pinheiro, Aurélio Carvalho; Araujo, Salustiano Pereira de; Tressino, Cintia Galhardo; Silva, Carlos Eduardo Suaide; Monaco, Claudia Gianini; Paiva, Marcelo Goulart; Fisher, Cláudio Henrique; Alves, Marco Stephan Lofrano; Grau, Cláudia R. Pinheiro de Castro; Santos, Maria Veronica Camara dos; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto; Morhy, Samira Saady; Leal, Gabriela Nunes; Soares, Andressa Mussi; Cruz, Cecilia Beatriz Bittencourt Viana; Guimarães Filho, Fabio Villaça; Assunção, Bruna Morhy Borges Leal; Fernandes, Rafael Modesto; Saraiva, Roberto Magalhães; Tsutsui, Jeane Mike; Soares, Fábio Luis de Jesus; Falcão, Sandra Nívea dos Reis Saraiva; Hotta, Viviane Tiemi; Armstrong, Anderson da Costa; Hygidio, Daniel de Andrade; Miglioranza, Marcelo Haertel; Camarozano, Ana Cristina; Lopes, Marly Maria Uellendahl; Cerci, Rodrigo Julio; Siqueira, Maria Eduarda Menezes de; Torreão, Jorge Andion; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo; Felix, Alex.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; Arq. bras. cardiol;120(12): e20230646, dez. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1527794
4.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 36(1): e372, abr. 2023. tab.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451685

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: O exercício intenso e continuado em atletas provoca fenótipos de remodelamento adaptativo, cujos parâmetros podem ser avaliados pela ecocardiografia convencional, e de deformação miocárdica. Assim, foi comparado o remodelamento miocárdico em atletas do sexo feminino (grupo atletas) com mulheres sedentárias da mesma faixa etária (grupo-controle) e entre atletas com maior e menor tempo de treinamento. Métodos: Foram selecionadas 57 futebolistas femininas (grupo atletas) e 25 mulheres sadias sedentárias (grupocontrole). As atletas foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo principal, com 32 atletas, e grupo sub-17, com 25 atletas. Foram determinadas, através de ecocardiografia, as dimensões, a função sistólica e diastólica das câmaras cardíacas e a deformação miocárdica (strain longitudinal, circunferencial, radial e mecânica rotacional), utilizando a estatística Z com significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: A idade dos grupos atletas, controle, principal e sub-17 foi de 22,1±6,3; 21,2±5,0; 26,5±5,1; e 16,5±0,6, respectivamente. O peso, o índice de massa corporal e a frequência cardíaca foram menores no grupo atletas. A espessura das paredes, o índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), o volume do átrio esquerdo (AE), a fração de ejeção e as dimensões do ventrículo direito (VD) foram maiores no grupo atletas, mas dentro de valores normais. A deformação miocárdica mostrou diminuição do strain radial, da rotação basal, da rotação apical e do twist, sugerindo mecanismo de reserva contrátil. Esses parâmetros foram menores no grupo principal, que também apresentava maior espessura das paredes, maior volume do AE e maior tamanho do VD, sugerindo que o aumento da reserva contrátil se relaciona com maior tempo de treinamento. Conclusões: As atletas do sexo feminino com treinamento intenso de longa duração apresentam remodelamento adaptativo das câmaras cardíacas e aumento da reserva contrátil observada em repouso, com esses parâmetros mais acentuados nas atletas com maior tempo de treinamento.(AU)


Background: Intense continuous exercise provokes adaptive remodeling phenotypes in athletes, the parameters of which can be evaluated through conventional echocardiography and myocardial deformation. We compared myocardial remodeling in female athletes (athlete group) with sedentary women of the same age range (control group) and between older and younger athletes. Methods: A total of 57 female soccer players and 25 healthy sedentary women were selected. The athlete group was subdivided into a main group and those under 17 years of age (< 17 group). The dimensions and systolic and diastolic function of the cardiac chambers and myocardial deformation (longitudinal and circumferential, as well as radial strain and rotational mechanics) was determined through echocardiography, using the Z statistic with a significance level of p< 0.05. Results: The mean age of the athlete, control, main, and < 17 groups was 22.1 (SD, 6.3); 21.2 (SD, 5.0); 26.5 (SD, 5.1); 16.5 (SD, 0.6) years, respectively. Weight, body mass index and heart rate were lower in the athlete group. Wall thickness, left ventricular mass index, left atrial (LA) volume, ejection fraction, and right ventricular dimensions were higher in athlete group, but remained within normal ranges. Regarding myocardial deformation, there was decreased radial strain, basal rotation, apical rotation, and twisting in the athlete group, suggesting a contractile reserve mechanism. These parameters were lesser in the main athlete group, who also had greater wall thickness, greater volume in the left atrium (LA) and larger size in the right ventricle (RV), suggesting that increased contractile reserve is related to longer time spent in the sport. Conclusions: In female athletes who had undergone intense long-term training, we observed adaptive remodeling of the cardiac chambers and increased contractile reserve (at rest), and these changes were more pronounced in those with longer involvement in the sport.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Athletes , Atrial Remodeling/physiology , Heart/physiopathology , Heart/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography/methods , Sedentary Behavior , High-Intensity Interval Training/adverse effects , Global Longitudinal Strain/radiation effects
5.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 101(1): 29-34, en. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-226684

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado a las oportunidades de formación de los profesionales sanitarios, en parte porque se anularon muchos cursos presenciales. En este estudio se analizan los resultados de participación y satisfacción de las sesiones del Aula Virtual AEC durante su primer año. Métodos: El Aula Virtual AEC incluye un formato combinado de seminarios semanales emitidos en directo que pueden ser visionados en diferido. En este estudio se evalúan los resultados en sus primeros 12 meses, considerando el número de participantes en directo, el número de visualizaciones en diferido y el alcance global, así como los resultados de la encuesta de satisfacción realizada en cada una de las sesiones (1-10) Resultados: Desde el 16 de abril de 2020 hasta el 15 de abril de 2021 se realizaron 50 sesiones del Aula Virtual AEC. El alcance medio de las sesiones ha sido de 509 ± 288 visualizaciones con un rango entre 196 y 1490. En los picos de la pandemia se observó un descenso de los participantes en directo: 275 ± 135 vs. 391 ± 233 (p = 0,032) La puntuación media sobre el formato fue 8,46 ± 0,31/10. Las sesiones mejor puntuadas fueron las de temática relacionada con coloproctología con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la puntuación media 8,79 ± 0,42 vs. 8,39 ± 0,27 (p = 0,035). Un 90,76% de usuarios consideraron las sesiones útiles. Un 97,2% consideraban que deben mantenerse tras la pandemia. Conclusiones: El Aula Virtual AEC ha tenido muy buenos resultados en los primeros 12 meses de desarrollo, resultando ser una herramienta útil de docencia quirúrgica que previsiblemente sobrevivirá a la época de pandemia. (AU)


Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected training opportunities for healthcare professionals partly because face to face courses were cancelled. This study analyzes the results of participation and satisfaction of the AEC Virtual Classroom sessions during the first year. Methods: The AEC Virtual Classroom includes a combined format of weekly Webinar broadcast live that can be viewed on a delayed basis in a virtual platform. In this study, the results in its first year are evaluated considering the number of live participants, the delayed views and the global reach; as well as the results of the satisfaction survey in each of the sessions (0–10). Results: From 16/04/2020 to 15/04/2021, 50 sessions of the Virtual Classroom AEC were held. The average scope of the sessions was 509 ± 288 views with a range between 196 and 149. At the times of highest incidence of cases during the pandemic, a decrease in live participants was observed 275 ± 135 vs. 391 ± 233 (p = 0.032). The mean score on the format was 8.46 ± 0.31/10. The best-scored sessions were those of the subject related to coloproctology with a statistically significant difference in the mean score 8.79 ± 0.42 vs. 8.39 ± 0.27 (p = 0.035). 90% of users considered the sessions useful. 97.2% of respondents believe that the sessions should be maintained after the pandemic. Conclusions: The AEC Virtual Classroom has a very good results in the first year, proving to be a useful surgical teaching tool that will foreseeably survive once the pandemic is over. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pandemics , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Education/trends , Education, Distance
6.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 101(1): 29-34, en. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-EMG-424

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado a las oportunidades de formación de los profesionales sanitarios, en parte porque se anularon muchos cursos presenciales. En este estudio se analizan los resultados de participación y satisfacción de las sesiones del Aula Virtual AEC durante su primer año. Métodos: El Aula Virtual AEC incluye un formato combinado de seminarios semanales emitidos en directo que pueden ser visionados en diferido. En este estudio se evalúan los resultados en sus primeros 12 meses, considerando el número de participantes en directo, el número de visualizaciones en diferido y el alcance global, así como los resultados de la encuesta de satisfacción realizada en cada una de las sesiones (1-10) Resultados: Desde el 16 de abril de 2020 hasta el 15 de abril de 2021 se realizaron 50 sesiones del Aula Virtual AEC. El alcance medio de las sesiones ha sido de 509 ± 288 visualizaciones con un rango entre 196 y 1490. En los picos de la pandemia se observó un descenso de los participantes en directo: 275 ± 135 vs. 391 ± 233 (p = 0,032) La puntuación media sobre el formato fue 8,46 ± 0,31/10. Las sesiones mejor puntuadas fueron las de temática relacionada con coloproctología con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la puntuación media 8,79 ± 0,42 vs. 8,39 ± 0,27 (p = 0,035). Un 90,76% de usuarios consideraron las sesiones útiles. Un 97,2% consideraban que deben mantenerse tras la pandemia. Conclusiones: El Aula Virtual AEC ha tenido muy buenos resultados en los primeros 12 meses de desarrollo, resultando ser una herramienta útil de docencia quirúrgica que previsiblemente sobrevivirá a la época de pandemia. (AU)


Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected training opportunities for healthcare professionals partly because face to face courses were cancelled. This study analyzes the results of participation and satisfaction of the AEC Virtual Classroom sessions during the first year. Methods: The AEC Virtual Classroom includes a combined format of weekly Webinar broadcast live that can be viewed on a delayed basis in a virtual platform. In this study, the results in its first year are evaluated considering the number of live participants, the delayed views and the global reach; as well as the results of the satisfaction survey in each of the sessions (0–10). Results: From 16/04/2020 to 15/04/2021, 50 sessions of the Virtual Classroom AEC were held. The average scope of the sessions was 509 ± 288 views with a range between 196 and 149. At the times of highest incidence of cases during the pandemic, a decrease in live participants was observed 275 ± 135 vs. 391 ± 233 (p = 0.032). The mean score on the format was 8.46 ± 0.31/10. The best-scored sessions were those of the subject related to coloproctology with a statistically significant difference in the mean score 8.79 ± 0.42 vs. 8.39 ± 0.27 (p = 0.035). 90% of users considered the sessions useful. 97.2% of respondents believe that the sessions should be maintained after the pandemic. Conclusions: The AEC Virtual Classroom has a very good results in the first year, proving to be a useful surgical teaching tool that will foreseeably survive once the pandemic is over. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pandemics , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Education/trends , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Education, Distance
7.
Cir Esp ; 101(1): 29-34, 2023 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34720121

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected training opportunities for healthcare professionals partly because face to face courses were cancelled. This study analyzes the results of participation and satisfaction of the AEC Virtual Classroom sessions during the first year. Methods: The AEC Virtual Classroom includes a combined format of weekly Webinar broadcast live that can be viewed on a delayed basis in a virtual platform. In this study, the results in its first year are evaluated considering the number of live participants, the delayed views and the global reach; as well as the results of the satisfaction survey in each of the sessions (0-10). Results: From 16/04/2020 to 15/04/2021, 50 sessions of the Virtual Classroom AEC were held. The average scope of the sessions was 509 ± 288 views with a range between 196 and 149. At the times of highest incidence of cases during the pandemic, a decrease in live participants was observed 275 ± 135 vs. 391 ± 233 (p = 0.032). The mean score on the format was 8.46 ± 0.31/10. The best-scored sessions were those of the subject related to coloproctology with a statistically significant difference in the mean score 8.79 ± 0.42 vs. 8.39 ± 0.27 (p = 0.035). 90% of users considered the sessions useful. 97.2% of respondents believe that the sessions should be maintained after the pandemic. Conclusions: The AEC Virtual Classroom has a very good results in the first year, proving to be a useful surgical teaching tool that will foreseeably survive once the pandemic is over.

8.
Cir Esp (Engl Ed) ; 101(1): 29-34, 2023 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35809787

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected training opportunities for healthcare professionals partly because face to face courses were cancelled. This study analyzes the results of participation and satisfaction of the AEC Virtual Classroom sessions during the first year. METHODS: The AEC Virtual Classroom includes a combined format of weekly Webinar broadcast live that can be viewed on a delayed basis in a virtual platform. In this study, the results in its first year are evaluated considering the number of live participants, the delayed views and the global reach; as well as the results of the satisfaction survey in each of the sessions (0-10). RESULTS: From 16/04/2020 to 15/04/2021, 50 sessions of the Virtual Classroom AEC were held. The average scope of the sessions was 509 ± 288 views with a range between 196 and 149. At the times of highest incidence of cases during the pandemic, a decrease in live participants was observed 275 ± 135 vs. 391 ± 233 (P = 0.032). The mean score on the format was 8.46 ± 0.31/10. The best-scored sessions were those of the subject related to coloproctology with a statistically significant difference in the mean score 8.79 ± 0.42 vs. 8.39 ± 0.27 (P = 0.035). 90% of users considered the sessions useful. 97.2% of respondents believe that the sessions should be maintained after the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The AEC Virtual Classroom has had very good results in the first year, proving to be a useful surgical teaching tool that will foreseeably survive once the pandemic is over.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2
9.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 120(12): e20230646, 2023 Dec.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38232246

ABSTRACT

Central Illustration : Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023 Proposal for including strain in the integrated diastolic function assessment algorithm, adapted from Nagueh et al.67 Am: mitral A-wave duration; Ap: reverse pulmonary A-wave duration; DD: diastolic dysfunction; LA: left atrium; LASr: LA strain reserve; LVGLS: left ventricular global longitudinal strain; TI: tricuspid insufficiency. Confirm concentric remodeling with LVGLS. In LVEF, mitral E wave deceleration time < 160 ms and pulmonary S-wave < D-wave are also parameters of increased filling pressure. This algorithm does not apply to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), mitral annulus calcification, > mild mitral valve disease, left bundle branch block, paced rhythm, prosthetic valves, or severe primary pulmonary hypertension.


Figura Central : Posicionamento do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre o Uso do Strain Miocárdico na Rotina do Cardiologista ­ 2023 Proposta de inclusão do strain no algoritmo integrado de avaliação da função diastólica, adaptado e traduzido de Nagueh et al. 67 AE: átrio esquerdo; Ap: duração da onda A reversa pulmonar; Am: duração da onda A mitral; DD: disfunção diastólica; FEVEr: fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo reduzida; IT: insuficiência tricúspide; SAEr: strain do AE de reservatório; SLGVE: strain longitudinal global do ventrículo esquerdo. Se remodelamento concêntrico, confirmar com SLGVE. Na presença de FEVEr, tempo de desaceleração da onda E mitral (TDE) < 160 ms e onda S < D pulmonar também são parâmetros de pressão de enchimento aumentada. Esse algoritmo não se aplica a pacientes com fibrilação atrial (FA), calcificação do anel mitral ou valvopatia mitral maior que discreta, bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE), ritmo de marca-passo, próteses valvares ou hipertensão pulmonar (HP) primária grave.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Cardiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Humans , Echocardiography, Doppler , Brazil , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnostic imaging , Heart Atria/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Function, Left
12.
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A ; 31(2): 152-160, 2021 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33347794

ABSTRACT

The single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has been introduced in the past few years for the treatment of morbid obesity. SADI-S has shown good results in terms of long-term results and short-term complications. However, the management of patients undergoing SADI-S and suffering from a leak is a great challenge for surgeons. We present an extensive review of the currently available literature on the management of leak after SADI in morbid obese (MO) patients. We aim at providing objective information regarding the optimal management, including diagnosis, technical options for the different strategies that have been proposed, to facilitate the selection of the best individual approach for each MO patient.


Subject(s)
Anastomosis, Surgical , Anastomotic Leak/surgery , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Duodenum/surgery , Humans , Ileum/surgery , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Reoperation
13.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1253834

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: O fluxo coronariano com predomínio diastólico aumenta duas a cinco vezes na hiperemia, mediada por vasodilatação (reserva de fluxo coronariano), podendo, na hipertrofia, ocorrer isquemia relativa. Na hipertrofia secundária, o fluxo em repouso torna-se isquêmico pelo aumento da demanda. Na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica com fibrose perivascular, há funcionalização de vasos colaterais, para aumentar a irrigação dos segmentos hipertrofiados. Objetivo: Determinar o padrão do fluxo coronariano em pacientes com hipertrofia secundária e cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, avaliando a reserva de fluxo coronariano. Métodos: Avaliamos o fluxo coronariano em 34 pacientes com hipertrofia secundária, em 24 com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica e em 16 controles. A artéria descendente anterior foi detectada com Doppler transtorácico com calibração adequada do equipamento. Nos grupos controle e com hipertrofia secundária, foi calculada a reserva de fluxo coronariano com dipiridamol (0,84 mg/kg) endovenoso. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado em seis pacientes do grupo com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, nos quais também foi avaliado o fluxo das colaterais da região hipertrófica. Os dados foram comparados por variância com significância de 5%. Resultados: Na hipertrofia secundária, houve aumento do índice de massa e, na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, predominou o aumento da espessura relativa. A fração de ejeção e a disfunção diastólica foram maiores no grupo com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica. A reserva de fluxo coronariano foi menor no grupo com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, sendo detectado, também, fluxo de colaterais com redução da reserva de fluxo coronariano. Conclusão: A análise da circulação coronariana com Doppler transtorácico é possível em indivíduos normais e hipertróficos. Pacientes com hipertrofia secundária e cardiomiopatia hipertrófica apresentam diminuição da reserva de fluxo coronariano, e aqueles com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica mostram fluxo de vasos colaterais dilatados observados na região hipertrófica, com diminuição da reserva de fluxo coronariano.(AU)


Background: Coronary flow with a diastolic predominance increases two to five times in hyperemia, mediated by vasodilation (coronary flow reserve, CFR) and, in hypertrophy, relative ischemia may occur. In secondary hypertrophy (LVH), the flow, normal at rest, becomes ischemic due to increased demand. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with perivascular fibrosis, collateral vessels appear to increase the irrigation of hypertrophied segments. Objective: To determine the coronary flow pattern in patients with secondary hypertrophy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, evaluating the coronary flow reserve. Methods: Coronary flow was evaluated in 34 patients with secondary hypertrophy, 24 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in 16 controls. The anterior descending artery was detected with transthoracic Doppler with adequate equipment calibration. In the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group, the flow of collaterals from the hypertrophic region was evaluated. In the control and secondary hypertrophy groups and in six patients in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group, the intravenous dipyridamole (0.84 mg) coronary flow reserve was calculated. The data were compared by variance with a significance of 5%Results: In secondary hypertrophy there was an increase in mass index and blood pressure, and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy an increase in relative thickness predominated. Ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction were higher in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group. The coronary flow reserve was lower in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group, and flow of collaterals was also detected, with a reduction in the coronary flow reserve. Conclusion: the analysis of coronary circulation with transthoracic Doppler is possible in normal and hypertrophic individuals. Patients with secondary hypertrophy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a decrease in the coronary flow reserve, and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy show a hyper flow of dilated collateral vessels observed in the hypertrophic region, with a decrease in the coronary flow reserve.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Angiography/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Dipyridamole/administration & dosage , Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial , Aminophylline/administration & dosage
15.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254753

ABSTRACT

Recentes estudos indicaram que o forame oval patente (FOP) pode ser responsável pelo acidente vascular cerebral criptogênico (AVC) em pacientes jovens que apresentam condições anatômicas favoráveis a essa anomalia e que a oclusão transcateter reduz a incidência do acidente vascular cerebral quando comparada ao tratamento clínico. A injeção de soro agitado durante o estudo ecocardiográfico, associada à manobra de Valsalva, pode evidenciar shunt direita-esquerda com alta sensibilidade (89%) e especificidade (92%) quando se utiliza o ecocardiograma transesofágico. Avaliando as características clínicas de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral e forame oval patente, o trial Risk of Paradoxical Embolism, conhecido pela sigla RoPE, (Risk of Paradoxical Embolism) estabeleceu um escore de risco para acidente vascular cerebral criptogênico e, por meio de um modelo de regressão multivariada, identificou seis variáveis: idade, presença de isquemia cortical, diabetes, hipertensão, AVC e acidente isquêmico transitório prévio. Os escores mais elevados foram observados em jovens com AVC e sem fatores de risco vascular e os escores mais baixos em idosos com fatores de risco vascular, de modo que o forame oval patente sugere ser acidental. Condições anatômicas do FOP predispõem à embolia sistêmica (separação do FOP > 2 mm; túnel do FOP > 10 mm; ângulo entre a veia cava inferior e o flap do FOP <10°; intensidade do shunt com manobra de Valsalva; presença de aneurisma do septo interatrial e rede de Chiari ou válvula de Eustáquio proeminente). O fechamento do FOP pode prevenir a embolia paradoxal, reduzindo a incidência de acidente vascular cerebral em pacientes considerados com de risco elevado. A relação entre Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) criptogênico e a presença de Forame Oval Patente (FOP) tem despertado particular interesse, baseada em estudos recentes que demonstraram que a oclusão transcateter do FOP reduziu a incidência de AVC criptogênico, quando comparado ao tratamento medicamentoso.1 Trombos atravessando o forame oval podem ser observados em exames ecocardiográficos e em autópsias, confirmando esse mecanismo como responsável pela embolia paradoxal, ou seja, um trombo venoso passando para a circulação arterial por um shunt direita-esquerda. Entretanto, essa visualização ecocardiográfica é rara e existem poucos estudos publicados2,3 (Figura 1). Alguns estudos clínicos demonstram a propensão do FOP ser o responsável pela embolia paradoxal. Pacientes portadores de diabetes, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e doença arterial coronária têm baixa prevalência para o FOP ser o responsável pela embolia paradoxal. Por outro lado, história de trombose venosa profunda, embolia pulmonar, hipertensão pulmonar, viagens prolongadas, manobra de Valsalva precedendo o início de sintomas de AVC, enxaqueca e apneia do sono tem sido descrita como fatores de risco independentes para a associação entre FOP e eventos cerebrovasculares.4 Mesmo sendo pouco frequente a visualização de trombos em forame oval, a observação epidemiológica nos leva a acreditar que o FOP é o responsável por um número considerável de acidentes vasculares cerebrais.5 A prevalência de FOP em um estudo com autópsia em 965 corações normais é de 27%, com similar distribuição entre homens e mulheres. Essa prevalência declina com a idade, sendo de 34% em menores de 30 anos, 25% entre 30 e 80 anos e 20% em maiores de 80 anos.6 Em pacientes com AVC criptogênico, entretanto, a prevalência é particularmente elevada, chegando a 40% em pacientes com idade inferior a 55 anos.7 É importante ressaltar que a presença de FOP em pacientes com AVC criptogênico não é a única etiologia para o embolismo paradoxal. Outros mecanismos podem ser responsáveis, como fibrilação atrial não detectada, tumores cardíacos (mixoma e fibroeslastomas), presença de contraste ecocardiográfico espontâneo em átrio esquerdo, valvopatia mitral reumática, calcificação do anel valvar mitral, próteses cardíacas biológicas e mecânicas, estados de hipercoagulabilidade e ateroma de aorta ascendente.8 O estudo ecocardiográfico é parte da rotina na avaliação do FOP, principalmente o Ecocardiograma Transesofágico (ETE) com utilização de solução salina agitada (macrobolhas). Considera-se um shunt pequeno quando passam de três a dez bolhas, médio de dez a 30 bolhas e grande se mais de 30 bolhas contadas nos primeiros batimentos após a injeção.9 Além da detecção do shunt, o ETE avalia as características anatômicas do FOP, assim como o diagnóstico diferencial com a comunicação interatrial e com o shunt pulmonar.10,11 Trabalhos comparando o ETE utilizando macrobolhas com os achados de autópsia mostram sensibilidade de 89% e especificidade de 92%, sendo que a autópsia é considerada padrão-ouro.12(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Aged , Stroke/complications , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Foramen Ovale, Patent/etiology , Foramen Ovale, Patent/pathology , Echocardiography , Embolism, Paradoxical/complications
18.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; Arq. bras. cardiol;113(1): 135-181, July 2019. tabela, gráfico
Article in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1022874

ABSTRACT

In accordance with the "Standards for the Elaboration of Guidelines, Positions and Normations" sanctioned by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, this document was written to update the "Echocardiography Indication Guidelines" of 2009. The new document is not intended to be a comprehensive review of echocardiography, but rather an indispensable basic guide to support the rational clinical decision-making of the physician requesting the exam for adult patients. Although it considers the recent technological advances of echocardiography, its purpose is not to describe in detail echocardiography methods, but to summarize in a clear and concise way the main situations in which echocardiography brings benefit to the diagnosis and/or therapeutic orientation of the individual. This manuscript chose to highlight the class of recommendation, as described below: Class I: conditions for which there is conclusive evidence or, in the absence thereof, general agreement that the examination procedure is useful and safe. Class II: conditions for which there is conflicting evidence and/or divergence of opinion on the utility and/or safety of the examination. Class-IIa: evidence or opinions favorable to the examination. Most experts approve. Class IIb: utility and/or safety less well established, with divergent opinions. Class III: conditions for which there is evidence or consensus that the examination is not useful and, in some cases, may even be harmful. In addition, the level of evidence was also described, as follows: A: several concordant randomized clinical trials or robust meta-analyses; B: less robust meta-analysis data or single randomized clinical study or observational studies; C: expert opinion.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Echocardiography , Practice Guideline
19.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 32(2): 109-115, abr.-junh. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-994681

ABSTRACT

A análise da função diastólica utilizando a ecocardiografia convencional (método bidimensional, Doppler espectral e Doppler tecidual) pode não determinar alguns casos de disfunção diastólica ou elevação da pressão do átrio esquerdo. Os parâmetros que estudam a deformação miocárdica (strain rate e strain longitudinal do átrio esquerdo) podem auxiliar no diagnóstico. Descrevem-se aqui os métodos do strain rate diastólico durante o tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico e no pico do enchimento, a taxa de torção apical e o strain longitudinal máximo do átrio esquerdo, analisando suas aplicações e vantagens


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Pressure , Echocardiography/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction , Aortic Valve , Atrial Fibrillation , Stroke Volume , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Heart Atria/physiopathology , Heart Ventricles , Mitral Valve
20.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 32(1)jan.-mar. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-969892

ABSTRACT

Atualmente, a avaliação da função atrial esquerda é um método emergente que pode ter relação com o prognóstico dos pacientes. Classicamente, as medidas estáticas de diâmetro, área e volume são as mais usadas com esta finalidade. A técnica conhecida como speckle tracking é capaz de fornecer informações dinâmicas do átrio esquerdo ao longo do ciclo cardíaco, assim como detectar alterações na função atrial esquerda em fases subclínicas, antes de ocorrerem aumentos volumétricos ou disfunções diastólicas. Valores de normalidade para o speckle tracking estão sendo propostos, mas as diferenças metodológicas e de técnicas empregadas dificultam sua padronização. Esta revisão da literatura se propõe a discutir os avanços na análise da função atrial esquerda, em especial via speckle tracking


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Atrial Fibrillation , Echocardiography/methods , Atrial Function, Left/physiology , Cardiomyopathies/complications , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Prognosis , Stroke Volume/physiology , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Risk Factors , Atrial Function/physiology , Stroke , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Atria , Heart Failure , Myocardial Infarction
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