ABSTRACT
The use of long-acting contraceptive methods is on the rise. The aim of this study was to describe the main variables (effectiveness, tolerability, menstrual bleeding) associated with the use of subdermal contraceptive implants and to investigate the influence of age on these variables. This was a descriptive, retrospective, observational study of 221 cases of contraceptive implants inserted at a Spanish hospital between 2006 and 2015. The mean age of implant users was 31.2 ± 7.5 years. Effectiveness was 100% and good tolerability was recorded for 86.5%. Infrequent bleeding was the most common bleeding pattern, followed by amenorrhoea. Of the 221 implants inserted, 47.5% were removed. The main reasons were expiration (54.3%) and discomfort due to bleeding alterations and other adverse effects (25.7%). Nulliparity and weight gain were significantly associated with an increased probability of implant removal. This study shows that implants were highly effective, safe and well-tolerated in our population. The age of users had no influence on any of the study variables analysed. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Subdermal contraceptive implants are long-acting reversible contraceptives which are both safe and effective. What do the results of this study add? The age of users had no influence on any of the study variables analysed. Nulliparity and weight gain were significantly associated with an increased probability of implant removal. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Subdermal contraceptive implants were a safe and effective long-acting progestin contraceptive method for women from all age groups in our series because no significant age-related differences were observed for the tolerability, vaginal bleeding patterns, the effectiveness, the adverse effects or any other variables.
Subject(s)
Contraceptive Agents, Female/adverse effects , Desogestrel/adverse effects , Drug Implants/adverse effects , Levonorgestrel/adverse effects , Long-Acting Reversible Contraception/adverse effects , Adult , Contraceptive Agents, Female/administration & dosage , Contraceptive Agents, Female/pharmacology , Desogestrel/administration & dosage , Desogestrel/pharmacology , Device Removal/statistics & numerical data , Drug Implants/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Levonorgestrel/administration & dosage , Levonorgestrel/pharmacology , Menstruation/drug effects , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Introducción. La muerte fetal intrauterina es una de las situaciones más difíciles de enfrentar en la práctica obstétrica diaria. Esta condición es bien caracterizada como un duelo. Especial énfasis debe ser otorgado al apoyo psicológico brindado especialmente a la madre. Sujetos y métodos. Se presenta el caso clínico de una primigesta de 40 semanas diagnosticada de muerte fetal anteparto. Ilustramos las etapas del duelo y su manejo clínico. Conclusiones. Consideramos interesante establecer protocolos y directrices bien planificadas sobre el cuidado de la madre y de la pareja durante la pérdida gestacional (AU)
Introduction. Intrauterine fetal death is one of the most difficult situations to face in daily obstetric practice. This condition is well characterized as a bereavement. Special emphasis should be given to the provision of psychological support, especially to the mother. Subjects and methods. We report the case of a primigravida at 40 weeks of pregnancy who was diagnosed with an antepartum stillbirth. We illustrate the stages of grief and their clinical management. Conclusions. Protocols and guidelines should be designed for the care of the mother and her partner during pregnancy loss (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Fetal Death/etiology , Fetal Death/prevention & control , Cardiotocography/instrumentation , Cardiotocography/methods , Cardiotocography , Cesarean Section/methods , Cesarean Section/psychology , Perinatal Death , Perinatal Mortality , Grief , Psychology, Clinical , Social Support , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Informed Consent/ethics , Informed Consent/psychology , Informed Consent/standardsABSTRACT
Acquired hemophilia A is a truly exceptional hemorrhagic diathesis, that consists of the emergence of polyclonal autoantibodies (inhibitor) IgG-type (subclasses 1 and 4, in most cases) against the coagulant function of the circulating factor VIII, which acts in the domains C2, A2 and A3 of the molecule, thus interfering their interaction with the factor IXa, the phospholipids and the Von Willebrand factor. Its morbidity and mortality are high, but nevertheless its low incidence (1-1.5 cases per million population per year) is the most frequent autoimmune disorder. This paper reports the clinical case of two patients; the first one, 36 years old, who the tenth day of postpartum required re-entry due to a diagnosis of hematoma of the abdominal wall that was surgically drained twice. The patient of case 2 was 39 years old and at six days of postpartum went to the emergency room due to bleeding, she was underwent to curettage and therapeutic transfusion of 3 UCH. Because of the persistence of bleeding, which was not possible to control with medical treatment and conservative measures, therapeutic hysterectomy was performed, with blood transfusion later. Due to the hemorrhagic complications of this condition and the serious clinical consequences derived from them, it is important to establish an early diagnosis; it is therefore critical to know the existence of this very rare disease to be able to avoid its consequences.
