ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: When the mother's DNA profile is not available for paternity testing, there is a smaller probability that a locus will exclude an alleged father. This study aims to evaluate the risk of potential false paternity inclusions in motherless cases. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: More than 20 000 duos were generated by removing the maternal genotypes from exclusion trios. After recalculating paternity in these duos, any found inclusions would be false. RESULTS: The use of an appropriate number of loci, mutation model, and mutation rates to analyze motherless paternity cases was robust against false inclusions. A single potential false inclusion was observed in a case wherein kinship plays a role. This result highlights the importance of testing the mother when available and of obtaining information on family circumstances for the proper handling of cases involving related individuals. CONCLUSION: The guidelines we used here were sufficient to avoid false inclusions in a data set of more than 20 000 motherless cases.
Subject(s)
Genetic Loci , Microsatellite Repeats , Alleles , Computer Simulation , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Mothers , Mutation , Paternity , ProbabilityABSTRACT
Large forensic databases provide an opportunity to compare observed empirical rates of genotype matching with those expected under forensic genetic models. A number of researchers have taken advantage of this opportunity to validate some forensic genetic approaches, particularly to ensure that estimated rates of genotype matching between unrelated individuals are indeed slight overestimates of those observed. However, these studies have also revealed systematic error trends in genotype probability estimates. In this analysis, we investigate these error trends and show how they result from inappropriate implementation of the Balding-Nichols model in the context of database-wide matching. Specifically, we show that in addition to accounting for increased allelic matching between individuals with recent shared ancestry, studies must account for relatively decreased allelic matching between individuals with more ancient shared ancestry.
Subject(s)
Databases, Genetic , Forensic Genetics , Models, Genetic , Alleles , Humans , Likelihood FunctionsABSTRACT
We have reported the allele frequencies of 15 STR loci, including the original 13 CODIS core loci, in over 100,000 Brazilian individuals. A new CODIS core loci has been proposed, but the recently established Brazilian Integrated Network of DNA Databases made a decision in 2010 to postpone the implementation of this new set of loci due to the lack of allele frequency data for the Brazilian population. We aimed to report allele frequencies of 20 loci, estimated from 96,400 Brazilian individuals undergoing paternity testing during 2011-2013. The percentage of missing data was less than 0.6% for all loci, except for CSF1PO (3.15%) and D7S820 (2.5%). The dropout rates estimated by the MicroDrop software were 0.013 for CSF1PO, 0.000037 for D7S820 and less than 0.000001 for other loci. Small missing data percentages and dropout rates reflect the high quality of the data.
Subject(s)
Gene Frequency , Genetics, Population , Microsatellite Repeats , Brazil , DNA Fingerprinting , Databases, Nucleic Acid , Humans , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Classical hereditary hemochromatosis is a recessive autosomal disease related to a systemic iron overload that is frequently related to C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene. In Brazil, reports on HFE gene mutation frequencies are rare, mainly in regards to a representative sample population. This study intended to determine theprevalence of C282Y and H63D mutations among individuals with clinical suspicion of hereditary hemochromatosis. A total of 1955 patients were studied with C282Y andH63D mutations being detected by the polymerase chain reaction technique followed by enzymatic restriction. The sample consisted of 76.6% men and 23.4% women. The highest percentage of analyzed individuals (56.9%) was concentrated in the 41 to 60- year-old age group. Although there were no genic or genotypic differences between genders, a higher number of over 60-year-old women was observed. The C282Y mutation was found as homozygous in 2.9% of the cases and as heterozygous in 10.1%, while the H63D was homozygous in 4.3% and heterozygous in 30.6%. The C282Y and H63D mutant allele frequencies were 0.079 and 0.196, respectively. Thehighest frequency was observed for H63D which was in genetic equilibrium. This work is important to determine the genetic profile of the population with hereditary hemochromatosis in Brazi.
A hemocromatose hereditária clássica (HH) é uma doença autossômica recessiva caracterizada por uma sobrecarga sistêmica de ferro, a qual está freqüentemente relacionada às mutações C282Y e H63D no gene HFE. No Brasil, registros das freqüências das mutações no gene HFE são raros, principalmente envolvendo uma amostra representativa da população. Este estudo teve como objetivo a determinação da prevalência das mutações C282Y e H63D em indivíduos com suspeita clínica de HH. Para isto, foram estudados 1955 pacientes para os quais as mutações C282Y e H63Dforam pesquisadas pela técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase seguida de digestão enzimática. A amostra consistiu de 76,6% homens e 23,4% de mulheres. A maioria dos indivíduos analisados (56,9%) estava concentrada no grupo de 41 a 60 anos. Embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças gênicas e genotípicas entreos gêneros, foi observado um maior número de mulheres na faixa etária acima dos 60 anos A mutação C282Y estava presente em homozigose em 2,9% dos indivíduos e em heterozigose em 10,1%, enquanto H63D estava presente em homozigose em 4,3% e emheterozigose em 30,6% dos indivíduos estudados. As freqüências dos alelos mutantes C282Y e H63D foram de 0,079 e 0,196, respectivamente. Além de mais freqüente entre a população estudada, a mutação H63D mostrou equilíbrio genético, ao contrário da mutação C282Y. Este trabalho tem como importância a determinação do perfil genético da população acometida pela HH no Brasil.
