ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Se expone el caso de una mujer de 19 años a quien se le realizó el diagnóstico de un xantoastrocitoma pleomórfico anaplásico parietooccipital izquierdo, neoplasia poco frecuente que suele presentarse en la población pediátrica y en los adultos jóvenes. Dicho tumor debuta generalmente con crisis convulsivas y sus características histológicas patognomónicas son el pleomorfismo celular, la vacuolización lipídica de su citoplasma y la reactividad a la proteína ácida fibrilar glial (PAFG) y S100. El estudio de nuevos marcadores que puedan brindar otras oportunidades terapéuticas ha permitido encontrar mutaciones en el oncogén BRAF. Este tumor presenta una variante anaplásica más agresiva que se trata con cirugía y quimiorradiación. En nuestro caso, después de varias progresiones a otras intervenciones, se utilizó bevacizumab y carmustine como tratamiento de segunda línea con respuesta completa.
SUMMARY The case of a young woman of 19-years-old is presented; whom the diagnosis was made of a left parietal-occipital xanthoastrocytoma pleomorphic anaplastic; this neoplasia is rare and usually affects the pediatric and young adult population. This generally debuts with seizures and their pathognomonic histologic characteristics are the pleomorphic cells with cytoplasmatic lipid vacuolation and the reactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100. The study of new markers that may provide other therapeutic opportunities has allowed finding mutations in the BRAF oncogene. This tumor has a more aggressive anaplastic variant that is treated with surgery and chemoradation. In our case after several progressions to other interventions, we used bevacizumab and carmustine as second-line treatment obtaining complete response.
Subject(s)
Radiotherapy , Carmustine , Bevacizumab , Glioma , Antineoplastic AgentsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a 5-year survival of 5-16%. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, in most cases, confer sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Nonetheless, it is still unclear why clinical outcomes vary among patients with identical EGFR mutations. The amplification of the EGFR gene (EGFRamp) may play a significant role. OBJECTIVE: Compare the complete (CR) and partial response (PR) rates, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in Hispanic patients with lung adenocarcinoma treated with erlotinib with EGFR mutations (L858R or exon 19 deletion [Del19]) with and without concomitant EGFRamp. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-two EGFR-positive lung adenocarcinoma patients of Hispanic origin, who underwent first-line treatment with erlotinib, were evaluated for EGFRamp by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical outcomes were analyzed according to EGFR mutations and EGFRamp status. RESULTS: 30.6% of samples showed EGFRamp, more frequently present in patients with Del19 (p = 0.05). Patients with EGFRamp had a longer PFS (in months) [(28.5, 95% CI 22.3-34.6) vs. (11.0, 95% CI 8.2-16.7); p = 0.002] and OS [(37.8, 95% CI 30.9-44.7) vs. (27.1, 95% CI 12.8-41.3); p = 0.009] than those without. EGFRamp significantly influenced the response to erlotinib (p = 0.0001). EGFRamp+/Del19 had a longer OS, 37.8 (95% CI 31.0-44.6), compared to EGFRamp+/L8585R, 27.5 (95% CI 12.4-42.5) (p < 0.001) and longer PFS (p = 0.043). CONCLUSION: Among Hispanic patients, EGFRamp was present in 30% of patients with EGFR mutations. EGFR mutations and EGFRamp are associated with better OS, PFS, CR, and PR to erlotinib and, hence, could aid in the correct selection of patients that benefit from EGFR TKI treatment.
