Comparative analysis of floral transition and floral organ formation in two contrasting species: Disocactus speciosus and D. eichlamii (Cactaceae).

KEY MESSAGE: Contrasting morphologies in Disocactus are the result of differential development of the vegetative and floral tissue where intercalary growth is involved, resulting in a complex structure, the floral axis. Species from the Cactaceae bear adaptations related with their growth in environments under hydric stress. These adaptations have translated into the reduction and modification of various structures such as leaves, stems, lateral branches, roots and the structuring of flowers in a so-called flower-shoot. While cacti flowers and fruits have a consistent structure with showy hermaphrodite or unisexual flowers that produce a fruit called cactidium, the developmental dynamics of vegetative and reproductive tissues comprising the reproductive unit have only been inferred through the analysis of pre-anthetic buds. Here we present a comparative analysis of two developmental series covering the early stages of flower formation and organ differentiation in Disocactus speciosus and Disocactus eichlamii, which have contrasting floral morphologies. We observe that within the areole, a shoot apical meristem commences to grow upward, producing lateral leaves with a spiral arrangement, rapidly transitioning to a floral meristem. The floral meristem produces tepal primordia and a staminal ring meristem from which numerous or few stamens develop in a centrifugal manner in D. speciosus and D. eichlamii, respectively. Also, the inferior ovary derives from the floral meristem flattening and an upward growth of the surrounding tissue of the underlying stem, producing the pericarpel. This structure is novel to cacti and lacks a clear anatomical delimitation with the carpel wall. Here, we present a first study that documents the early processes taking place during initial meristem determination related to pericarpel development and early floral organ formation in cacti until the establishment of mature floral organs.

Cardiac arrest in an emergency department in Colombia during 2011-2020: A descriptive study.

Background: Cardiac arrest is a public health problem related to high morbidity and mortality. In Colombia, objective data characterize in our population has been not available. The aim of this study has been to determined the epidemiological characteristics of patients with cardiorespiratory arrest treated in an emergency room. Methods: A retrospective observational cross-sectional cohort study was performed. We included adult patients admitted with a diagnostic of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) or who presented with in-hospital cardiac arrest while in the emergency department (ED). Results: A total of 415 patients were included 232 were men, and the median age was 67 years. OHCA was presented in 383 patients. In this group, 80.2% required orotracheal intubation, 90.1% received Epinephrine, and and 52.6% received immediate resuscitation. Survival after discharge was 43.1% in patients with non-shockable rhythm registered. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 49.6%. The survival after hospital discharge was 22.2%. Cerebral performance category score <=2 was 20.4%. Conclusion: In our study, the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of patients seen in the ED with cardiac arrest are similar to those described in the literature.

COVID-19 y enfermedad cardiovascular / COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease

Resumen En diciembre de 2019, en Wuhan, provincia de Hubei en China, se reportó un grupo de 27 pacientes con neumonía de etiología desconocida, vinculados con exposición al mercado de mariscos, pescado y animales vivos. El 7 de enero de 2020, se identificó una nueva sepa de coronavirus aislada en estos pacientes (SARS-CoV-2); la enfermedad producida por este virus ha sido denominada COVID-19. Durante las etapas iniciales de la pandemia y dados los pocos estudios publicados al respecto, se creía que este coronavirus causaba síntomas netamente respiratorios; sin embargo, a medida que el número de pacientes aumentó, se observó que la enfermedad cardiovascular tenía un papel fundamental en el desarrollo y pronóstico de la infección. Los factores de riesgo más importantes relacionados con mortalidad son la edad y la presencia de comorbilidades, especialmente de tipo cardiovascular. El incremento en niveles de troponina, péptidos natriuréticos y dímero-D tiene valor pronóstico en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Los pacientes con COVID-19 tienen un aumento en el riesgo de infarto agudo del miocardio, miocarditis, insuficiencia cardiaca, choque, arritmias y muerte súbita, en relación con la respuesta sistémica al virus y a los tratamientos necesarios en la fase aguda. En este documento se revisa el compromiso cardiovascular por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

Abstract In December 2019, in Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China, there was a report on a group of 27 patients with a pneumonia of unknown origin, linked to exposure in a market with shellfish, fish, and live animals. In January 2020, a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated in these patients. The disease caused by this virus has been given the name of COVID-19. During the initial stages of the pandemic, and given the scarcity of studies published about this, it was believed that this coronavirus only caused respiratory symptoms. However, as the number of patients increased, it was observed that cardiovascular disease had a fundamental role in the development and prognosis of the infection. The most important risk factors associated with mortality are age and the presence of comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular ones. The increase in the levels of troponin, natriuretic peptides, and D-dimer are of prognostic values in patients with an infection due to SARS-CoV-2. Patients with COVID-19 have an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure, shock, arrhythmias, and sudden death, in relation to the systematic response to the virus and to the treatments needed in the acute phase. A review is presented in this article of the cardiovascular involvement due to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

Una revisión teórica de la creatividad en función de la edad / A theoretical review of creativity based on age

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática en la literatura científica existente sobre la creatividad en función de la edad, haciendo especial énfasis en las diferencias que se presentan entre cada etapa evolutiva del desarrollo humano, comprobando si existe disminución de esta capacidad a lo largo de la vida. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos, Web of Science, Scopus y PsycINFO, tomando en cuenta publicaciones realizadas entre 2010 y 2017 en español o inglés. Se seleccionaron 25 artículos que se analizaron en base a diferentes características como los instrumentos empleados. Los resultados muestran hetero-geneidad en los hallazgos y se discuten los resultados tratando de arrojar luz sobre la comprensión de los mismos

The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the existing scientific literature on creativity based on age, with spe-cial emphasis on the differences that occur between each evolutionary stage of human development, checking whether there is a de-crease in this capacity over a lifetime. A literature review was carried out using the databases Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO, taking into account publications produced between 2010 and 2017 in Spanish or English. We selected 25 articles that were analyzed based on different characteristics such as the instruments used. The results show heterogeneity in the findings. We discuss the results, attempting to shed light on their interpretation

Psoriasis: nutrición, estilos de vida y su relación con el síndrome metabólico / Psoriasis: Nutrition, Lifestyles and their Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome

La psoriasis es una enfermedad que afecta al 2% de la población mundial. Es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica manifestada en la piel con predisposición familiar, pero de causa desconocida. Objetivo:establecer la importancia de la nutrición y estilos de vida en personas que padecen esta enfermedad. Material y métodos: para la revisión de la bibliografía, se realizó una búsqueda en: PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Elsevier y otras en idioma inglés, portugués y español. Es importante la nutrición y los estilos de vida en esta enfermedad, sin embargo existen vacíos en el conocimiento que se relacionan a través de investigaciones que permiten un abordaje adecuado. Conclusión: los cambios en los estilos de vida son indispensables en las personas con esta enfermedad y se hace énfasis en dieta adecuada basada en los principios de la nutrición, que es fundamental en el tratamiento de la misma...(AU)

Análisis de la relación entre creatividad, atención y rendimiento escolar en niños y niñas de más de 9 años en Colombia / Analysis of the relationship between creativity, attention and school performance in children and girls over 9 years in Colombia

Resumen El presente artículo de resultados de investigación se llevó a cabo en el marco de la neuropsicología aplicada a la educación. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la creatividad, atención visual y auditiva y el rendimiento escolar. Método: Es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, no experimental y correlacional; la muestra estuvo conformada por 85 niños y niñas escolarizados, con edad igual o mayor a 9 años y que se encontraran cursando entre cuarto y sexto grado académico. La atención fue evaluada con las subpruebas del dominio de atención, de la batería ENI, correspondientes a atención auditiva y visual, la creatividad a través del test CREA, y el rendimiento académico fue suministrado por la institución educativa por medio del boletín de calificaciones. Resulta dos: No puntuaron una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la atención y el rendimiento académico, asimismo con la creatividad, diferiendo Tos hallazgos de León (2008), quien propone los procesos atencionales como predictores del rendimiento académico y de igual manera, los de Corbalán, Martínez, Donolo, Alonso, Tejerina y Limiñana (2003), quienes manifiestan que la inteligencia creativa influye en el procesamiento de información y aprendizaje y, como conse cuencia, en el rendimiento; sin embargo, estos resultados pueden obedecer a diferentes variables asociadas al desempeño escolar. Conclusiones: El presente estudio puede ser una vía importante para el reconocimiento del valor de la atención en los procesos creativos. Además, sugiere la rea lización de estudios más amplios y centrados en la relación entre la creatividad y el rendimiento para esclarecer más el tipo de relación que tienen.

Abstract This research paper was conducted based on neuropsychology criteria applied to education. Ob jective: This research aims to analyze the relationship between creativity, attention (visual and auditory attention) and school performance. Method: It is a quantitative, experimental and cor relational study. For data collection, 85 school children, aged 9 years or more, fourth and sixth grade students were sampled. In order to assess auditory and visual attention, subtests related to attention domain, through ENI battery was used; also, creativity was assessed through CREA test, and the academic performance was based on scores reports supplied by the educational institution. Results: statistically, there were no a significant relationship between attention and academic performance, as well as creativity, differing in this way from Leon findings (2008), who proposes attention processes as academic performance predictors and also, from those ones such as: Corbalán, Martinez, Donolo, Alonso, Tejerina and Limiñana (2003), who consider that information and learning process are influenced by creative intelligence; however, these results may obey different variables associated with school performance. Conclusion: This study may be an important tool in order to recognize the value of the attention and creative processes. Also, it suggests broader studies focus on the relationship between creativity and academic performance.

Malaria congénita por Plasmodium vivax: reporte de caso / Congenital malaria by Plasmodium vivax: case report

Resumen Se describe el caso de malaria congénita por Plasmodium vivax de un neonato de 25 días de nacido, el cual consulta por fiebre e ictericia persistente. La sospecha inicial orientaba a un diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal. El neonato residente en Cartagena (Colombia), presentaba antecedente perinatal de ictericia y antecedente materno de malaria gestacional diagnosticada al cuarto mes. La madre refirió haber vivido los primeros siete meses de su embarazo en Tierralta, Córdoba (Colombia), la cual es una zona endémica de malaria. Posterior a los resultados del extendido de sangre periférica del neonato se demostró la presencia de Plasmodium vivax. El tratamiento antimalárico fue realizado con cloroquina, con eficaz mejoría clínica. Se destaca la importancia de tener a la malaria congénita como diagnóstico diferencial en infecciones neonatales, sepsis, fiebre inexplicable o en lactantes que presenten anemia hemolítica, ictericia y hepatoesplenomegalia en pacientes provenientes de zonas endémicas de malaria.

Abstract We describe the case of congenital malaria by Plasmodium vivax of a neonate of 25 days of age, who consults for fever and persistent jaundice. The initial suspicion aimed to a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The neonate living in Cartagena (Colombia) had a perinatal history of jaundice and a maternal history of gestational malaria diagnosed at the fourth month. The mother reported having lived the first seven months of her pregnancy in Tierralta, Córdoba (Colombia), which is an endemic area of malaria. Subsequent to the results of the peripheral blood smear of the neonate, the presence of Plasmodium vivax was demonstrated. The antimalarial treatment was performed with chloroquine, with effective clinical improvement. The importance of having congenital malaria as a differential diagnosis in neonatal infections, sepsis and unexplained fever or in infants with hemolytic anemia, jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly in patients from malaria endemic areas is highlighted.

Síndrome de Opalski, una variante del síndrome de Wallenberg: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Opalski Syndrome, a variant of Wallenberg Syndrome: Case report and literature review

RESUMEN Se presenta un caso local de la variante de Opalski, del síndrome medular lateral (síndrome de Wallenberg) y se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre los síntomas de este cuadro clínico, así como las posibles razones que explican esta modificación en la expresión clínica. La variante de Opalski fue descrita en 1948, ochenta y nueve años después de la descripción original del síndrome por Adolf Wallenberg, su principal característica es la presencia de hemiparesia o hemiplejía del cuerpo del mismo lado de la lesión del bulbo raquídeo. La etiología es vascular en la mayoría de casos, por obstrucción de la arteria cerebelosa postero-inferior o de los ostium de vasos penetrantes que se originan en la arteria. No hay estudios que reporten la incidencia exacta de este cuadro clínico a nivel mundial, sin embargo, su presentación no es tan infrecuente. Lo más interesante al analizar cada caso, es que los hallazgos semiológicos son una muestra de la profunda organización del sistema nervioso.

SUMMARY A clinical case of the Opalski variant of the lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg's syndrome) is presented and a literature review about the symptoms of this clinical picture is done, as well as the possible reasons explaining this modification in the clinical expression. The Opalski variant was described in 1948, eighty-nine years after the original description of the syndrome by Adolf Wallenberg, its main feature is the presence of hemiparesis or hemiplegia of the ipsilateral side of the injury in the medulla oblongata. In most cases the etiology is vascular when the postero-inferior cerebellar artery is occluded or there is an obstruction of the ostium of penetrating vessels originating in the artery. There are no studies that accurately report the worldwide incidence of this clinical variant, however, its presentation is not uncommon. The most interesting discovery of each case is that semiological findings are a good example of the profound organization of the nervous system.

Identification, quantification, and sensory characterization of steviol glycosides from differently processed Stevia rebaudiana commercial extracts.

Stevia rebaudiana is known for its sweet-tasting ent-kaurene diterpenoid glycosides. Several manufacturing strategies are currently employed to obtain Stevia sweeteners with the lowest possible off-flavors. The chemical composition of four commercial S. rebaudiana extracts, obtained by different technologies, was characterized using UHPLC-ESI-MS(n). The composition of one of the ethanol-crystallized extracts (EC2) was entirely rebaudioside A, whereas the enzymatically modified (EM) extract contained the lowest concentration of this compound (2.7 mg/100 mg). The membrane-purified (MP) extract had the highest content of minor natural steviol glycosides (23.7 mg/100 mg total extract) versus an average of 2.4 mg/100 mg total extract for the EC samples. Thirteen trained panelists evaluated sweetness, bitterness, licorice, and metallic attributes of all four extracts. The highest licorice intensity (p ≤ 0.05) was found for MP. Both samples EC1 and EC2, despite their different chemical compositions, showed no significant differences in sensory perception.

A wireless robot for networked laparoscopy.

State-of-the-art laparoscopes for minimally invasive abdominal surgery are encumbered by cabling for power, video, and light sources. Although these laparoscopes provide good image quality, they interfere with surgical instruments, occupy a trocar port, require an assistant in the operating room to control the scope, have a very limited field of view, and are expensive. MARVEL is a wireless Miniature Anchored Robotic Videoscope for Expedited Laparoscopy that addresses these limitations by providing an inexpensive in vivo wireless camera module (CM) that eliminates the surgical-tool bottleneck experienced by surgeons in current laparoscopic endoscopic single-site (LESS) procedures. The MARVEL system includes 1) multiple CMs that feature a wirelessly controlled pan/tilt camera platform, which enable a full hemisphere field of view inside the abdominal cavity, wirelessly adjustable focus, and a multiwavelength illumination control system; 2) a master control module that provides a near-zero latency video wireless communications link, independent wireless control for multiple MARVEL CMs, digital zoom; and 3) a wireless human-machine interface that gives the surgeon full control over CM functionality. The research reported in this paper is the first step in developing a suite of semiautonomous wirelessly controlled and networked robotic cyber-physical devices to enable a paradigm shift in minimally invasive surgery and other domains such as wireless body area networks.

Virtually transparent epidermal imagery for laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery.

This paper presents a novel design, and prototype implementation, of a virtually transparent epidermal imagery (VTEI) system for laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery. The system uses a network of multiple, micro wireless cameras and multiview mosaicing technique to obtain a panoramic view of the surgery area. This view provides visual feedback to surgeons with large viewing angles and areas of interest so that the surgeons can improve the safety of surgical procedures by being better aware of where the surgical instruments are relative to tissue and organs. The prototype VTEI system also projects the generated panoramic view on the abdomen area to create a transparent display effect that mimics equivalent, but higher risk, open-cavity surgeries.