Association of iPACK block and adductor canal block in dogs undergoing the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy technique: Report of 4 cases.

Orthopedic procedures are associated with severe postoperative pain. In TPLO, the block commonly used is the sciatic nerve block associated with the femoral nerve block. In orthopedic surgeries in human medicine, the iPACK block associated with the adductor canal block has been used as alternatives that do not affect the strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trans and postoperative analgesic effect of the association of iPACK block and adductor canal block, as well as to evaluate the patient's motor recovery after surgery. Four patients were selected, without distinction of breed and gender, weighing more than 22lb, referred to TPLO. All patients underwent the combination of iPACK block and adductor canal block with 0.5% bupivacaine. The intraoperative evaluation was carried out by measuring mean arterial pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate, and all patients were stable during the procedure. The postoperative evaluation was carried out based on the assessment of pain using the modified Glasgow scale, in which all patients scored less than 05/24, and assessment of ambulation through videos using the adapted Muzzi scale, presenting ambulation between grade 1 and 2. No patient required intraoperative or postoperative analgesic rescue.

Os procedimentos ortopédicos estão associados a dores pós-operatórias severas. Em TPLO, o bloqueio comumente utilizado é o bloqueio do nervo ciático associado ao bloqueio do nervo femoral. Nas cirurgias ortopédicas em medicina humana, o bloqueio iPACK associado ao bloqueio do canal dos adutores tem sido utilizado como alternativa que não afeta a força do músculo quadríceps femoral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito analgésico trans e pós-operatório da associação do bloqueio iPACK e bloqueio do canal adutor, bem como avaliar a recuperação motora do paciente após a cirurgia. Foram selecionados quatro pacientes, sem distinção de raça e sexo, com peso superior a 10kg, e encaminhados ao TPLO. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a uma combinação de bloqueio iPACK e bloqueio do canal dos adutores com bupivacaína a 0,5%. A avaliação intraoperatória foi realizada através da aferição da pressão arterial média, frequência cardíaca e frequência respiratória, e todos os pacientes permaneceram estáveis durante o procedimento. A avaliação pós-operatória foi realizada com base na avaliação da dor pela escala de Glasgow modificada, na qual todos os pacientes pontuaram menos que 24/05, e avaliação da deambulação por meio de vídeos pela escala de Muzzi adaptada, mostrando deambulação entre grau 1 e 2. Nenhum paciente necessitou de resgate trans ou pós-operatório.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the New Tetrahydropyran Derivative (2s,6s)-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl) Methanol.

BACKGROUND: The development of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs plays a crucial role in modern medicine, aiming to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation in patients. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are groups of drugs conventionally used to treat pain and inflammation, but a wide range of adverse effects and ineffectiveness in some pathological conditions leads us to search for new drugs with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE: In this regard, the authors intend to investigate the ((2s,6s)-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-2h-pyran- 2-yl) methanol compound (LS20) on pain and acute inflammation. METHODS: Male Swiss mice were evaluated using acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin, and tail-flick as models of nociceptive evaluation and edema paw, air pouch and cell culture as models of inflammatory evaluation besides the rotarod test for assessment of motor impairment. RESULTS: The compound showed an effect on the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin and tail-flick tests. Studying the mechanism of action, reversion of the antinociceptive effect of the compound was observed from previous intraperitoneal administration of selective and non-selective opioid antagonists on the tail flick test. In addition, the compound induced an antiedematogenic effect and reduced leukocyte migration and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the air pouch model. LS20 was able to maintain cell viability, in addition to reducing cell production of TNF-α and IL-6. CONCLUSION: In summary, the LS20 compound presented an antinociceptive effect, demonstrating the participation of the opioid system and an anti-inflammatory effect related to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production. The compound also demonstrated safety at the cellular level.

Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp. e Anaplasma spp. em carrapatos de vida livre nas mesorregiões Sul Fluminense e Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, RJ / Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in free-living ticks of mesoregions South Fluminense and Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Os carrapatos são ectoparasitas obrigatórios e vetores de agentes patogênicos como bactérias, parasitos e vírus. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a presença de bactérias dos gêneros Rickettsia, Ehrlichia e Anaplasma em carrapatos de vida livre coletados em cinco áreas, localizadas nas mesorregiões Sul Fluminense e Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Foram coletados 9.353 carrapatos distribuídos em 372 pools. A análise dos dados pelo método PCR-RFLP indicou que as bandas verificadas na análise eram de Rickettsia bellii em 0,25% dos carrapatos coletados de duas áreas. A pesquisa molecular para os gêneros Ehrlichia e Anaplasma revelou resultados negativos para ambos os gêneros. A presença de genoma de R. bellii em carrapatos sugere a importância da execução de novas pesquisas com o intuito de entender a epidemiologia dos agentes estudados na região.

Ticks are obligate ectoparasites and vectors of several bacterial, parasitic and viral pathogens. This study aimed to identify bacteria of the Rickettsia, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma genera in free-living ticks, collected in five areas located in both South Fluminense and Metropolitan mesoregions of Rio de Janeiro state. We collected a total of 9,353 ticks which were distributed in 372 pools. Data analysis using the PCR-RFLP method showed that the bands observed in the analysis are of the type Rickettsia bellii. The positivity level to R. bellii found in this study was 0.25%. The molecular search for Ehrlichia and Anaplasma genera revealed negative results for both genera. The presence of Rickettsiae DNA in the Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever group in ticks suggests the importance of undertaking new research in order to understand the epidemiology of the agents.