Diversity of Neotropical stalked-puffball: Two new species of Tulostoma with reticulated spores.

Species of the genus Tulostoma are easily recognizable by the presence of a spore sac, with a mouth from which spores are released, attached to a stipe. Tulostoma is a species-diverse genus with a worldwide distribution, and some attempts were made to delimitate species and to evaluate reliable taxonomic-informative characteristics for species identification. However, there is a notable information gap regarding Neotropical species, especially for geographic distribution and DNA data, which hampers further understanding of the infrageneric diversity, evolution, and ecology of this genus. Based on morphological analysis, molecular phylogenetics and geographic distribution, we propose here two new species of Tulostoma with reticulated spores, from the two threatened Brazilian geographical areas, Atlantic Forest and "campos rupestres" (rupestrian grassland), as well as we provide notes on the taxonomic rank of Tulostoma exasperatum var. ridleyi.

Impact of HLA eplet mismatch load in immunological outcomes after living donor kidney transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: HLA eplets mismatches (eMM) have been associated with negative kidney outcomes after transplantation, such as the development of de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA), antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), and early graft loss. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of the HLA eMM load on dnDSA development, ABMR, renal function, allograft survival and graft loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study involved 159 living donor kidney transplant patients categorized into groups based on antigen HLA mismatches assessed traditionally and HLA eMM load. Patients had followed for at least one year. The EpViX online program was used to evaluate the HLA eMM load. Cox models were constructed to assess the risk of graft loss. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were carried out. The analyses had performed using the R program and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: From all 159 patients, 28 (17.6%) lost their allografts. Rejection episodes occurred in 37.1% of patients, 13.6% of whom were ABMR. Patients with rejection episodes had higher HLA-AB (p = 0.032) and HLA-DR (p = 0.008) HLA eMM load, HLA-AB (p = 0.006) and HLA-DR (p = 0.009) antigens mismatches, and higher proportions of the following eMM in the HLA-DR locus: 70R eMM (p = 0.015), 70RE (p = 0.015), 74E (p = 0.015) and 48Q (p = 0.047). In multiple models, the presence of HLA-DR 70qq eMM (HR 3.75, 95% CI 1.47; 9.55) add an increase in creatinine levels at 1-year (HR 3.87, 95% CI 2.30, 6.53) were associated with the risk of graft loss. CONCLUSION: The HLA eMM load was related to episodes of rejection and allograft loss. The HLA-DR eMM was most strongly associated with a worse immunologic outcome than eMM mismatches for HLA-AB.

Olho seco e COVID-19: uma revisão narrativa / Dry eyes and COVID-19: a narrative review

RESUMO Com o advento do cenário pandêmico causado pelo SARS-CoV-2, no início do ano de 2020, foi notado um vasto quadro clínico entre os indivíduos infectados. Dentre os sintomas oculares mais comuns ocasionados pela COVID-19, o olho seco tornou-se bastante prevalente nesse meio. O estudo do tipo revisão narrativa busca avaliar os fatores de risco associados ao surgimento ou à intensificação dos quadros de olho seco na população durante o período pandêmico. A partir da análise bibliográfica, foi descrita a influência da ventilação por pressão positiva, do uso de máscaras de forma incorreta e de telas eletrônicas e da ansiedade e da depressão como fatores predisponentes ao desenvolvimento da doença do olho seco. No entanto, ainda é notada a necessidade de estudos mais explicativos para estabelecer a relação direta entre a causalidade dos fatores.

ABSTRACT With the advent of the pandemic scenario caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the beginning of the year 2020, a vast clinical picture was noticed among the infected individuals. Among the most common eye symptoms caused by Covid-19, dry eye (DE) has become quite prevalent in this environment. The narrative review study seeks to assess the risk factors associated with the emergence or intensification of DE conditions in the population during the pandemic period. A literature review showed the influence of positive pressure ventilation, incorrect use of masks, as well as electronic screens, in addition to anxiety and depression as predisposing factors for the development of dry eye disease. However, the need for more explanatory studies and for establishing a direct relationship between the causality of the factors is still noted.

Viagem espacial: Um desafio sob o ponto de vista da oftalmologia / Space travel: A challenge from the point of view of ophthalmology

RESUMO No final do século vinte, com o surgimento de novas tecnologias e de novos programas espaciais, a medicina aeroespacial ganhou destaque no meio científico uma vez que os estudos relacionados às alterações da fisiologia humana no espaço tornaram-se cada vez mais necessário para a manutenção da saúde de cosmonautas. Os olhos são considerados uma das estruturas mais sensíveis do corpo às alterações vasculares, estruturais e bioquímicas provocadas pela microgravidade e radiação cósmica. Nesse sentido, essa revisão narrativa busca identificar e explicar as principais alterações morfológicas e funcionais que ocorrem no sistema visual em decorrência de missões espaciais.

ABSTRACT At the end of the twentieth century, with the emergence of new technologies and new space programs, aerospace medicine gained prominence in the scientific community since studies related to changes in human physiology in space have become increasingly necessary for the maintenance of cosmonaut health. The eyes are considered one of the most sensitive structures in the body to vascular, structural and biochemical changes caused by microgravity and cosmic radiation. In this sense, this narrative review seeks to identify and explain the main morphological and functional changes that occur in the visual system as a result of space missions.

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: a literature review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the highly pathogenic SARS-Cov-2 virus, was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Its main clinical manifestations are related to airway involvement; however, there is extrapulmonary impairment in some cases. Given this context, this literature review aims to identify the ophthalmological conditions caused by infection with the novel coronavirus. Although ocular findings do not include the standard clinical presentation of the disease, there are reports of some ophthalmological changes in COVID-19 patients, and conjunctivitis is the most common among these.

Miopia causada pelo uso de telas de aparelhos eletrônicos: uma revisão de literatura / Myopia caused by the use of electronic devices screen: a literature review

Resumo A miopia é uma anormalidade oftalmológica comum que ocorre quando a imagem de um objeto distante se forma anteriormente à retina, estando o músculo ciliar em repouso. Dentre dos fatores predisponentes destacam-se a genética e o ambiente, tendo este último ganhado importância atualmente, visto o crescente aumento no uso de telas eletrônicas. Nesta revisão de literatura, os autores buscam a relação entre miopia e o uso de telas por meio da quantificação e análise das conclusões das pesquisas relacionadas a esse tema. Algumas metanálises buscaram apontar a existência de associação entre a miopia e o uso de telas. Entretanto, a necessidade de mais estudos para comprovar esse vínculo foi destacada de forma quase unânime entre os textos. Isso se deu pelo fato que não é possível separar adequadamente se a evolução da miopia ocorreu pelos eletrônicos ou pelo estímulo do uso da visão para perto, que está associada aos primeiros.

Abstract Myopia is a common eye abnormality that occurs when the image of a distant object forms before the retina with the ciliary muscle at rest. Among the predisposing factors, genetics and the environment stand out, with the latter gaining importance nowadays, considering the growing increase in the use of electronic screens. In this literature review, the authors seek the relationship between myopia and the use of screens by quantifying and analyzing the conclusions of research related to this topic. Some meta-analyzes sought to point out the existence of an association between myopia and the use of screens. However, the need for further studies to prove this link was highlighted almost unanimously among the texts. This was due to the fact that it is not possible to adequately separate whether the evolution of myopia occurred via electronics or by stimulating the use of near vision, which is associated with the former.

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: a literature review

SUMMARY Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the highly pathogenic SARS-Cov-2 virus, was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Its main clinical manifestations are related to airway involvement; however, there is extrapulmonary impairment in some cases. Given this context, this literature review aims to identify the ophthalmological conditions caused by infection with the novel coronavirus. Although ocular findings do not include the standard clinical presentation of the disease, there are reports of some ophthalmological changes in COVID-19 patients, and conjunctivitis is the most common among these.

RESUMO A doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) causada pelo vírus, altamente patogênico, Sars-Cov-2, foi declarada como uma pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em março de 2020. As principais manifestações clínicas se relacionam com o acometimento da via aérea; no entanto, há em alguns casos comprometimento extrapulmonar. Perante esse contexto, esta revisão de literatura objetiva identificar as condições oftalmológicas resultantes da infecção pelo novo coronavírus. Apesar de os achados oculares não contemplarem o quadro clínico padrão da doença, há relatos de algumas alterações oftalmológicas em pacientes com COVID-19 positivo, sendo a conjuntivite a mais comum entre estas.

Profiles of Staphyloccocus aureus isolated from goat persistent mastitis before and after treatment with enrofloxacin.

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of mastitis in small ruminants. Antimicrobial use is the major treatment, but there are many flaws linked to resistance, tolerance or persistence. This study aimed to verify changes in resistance, virulence and clonal profiles of S. aureus isolated from persistent mastitis goat milk before and after enrofloxacin treatment. RESULTS: MIC increased to at least one antimicrobial in S. aureus isolates after enrofloxacin treatment compared to before. The most detected resistance genes before and after treatment were tetK, tetM, and blaZ, with more resistance genes detected after enrofloxacin treatment (p < 0.05). Occasional variations in efflux system gene detection were observed before and after treatment. Nine virulence genes (hla, fnbA, fnbB, eta, etb, sea, sec, seh, and sej) were detected at both times, and between these, the hla and eta genes were detected more in isolates after treatment. All isolates of S. aureus belonged to the same sequence type (ST) 133, except for two S. aureus isolates prior to enrofloxacin treatment which were classified as ST5 and the other as a new one, ST4966. Isolates of S. aureus 4, 8, and 100 from before and after treatment had identical pulse types, while others obtained from other animals before and after treatment were classified into distinct pulse types. CONCLUSION: There were occasional changes in the studied profiles of S. aureus isolated before and after treatment of animals with enrofloxacin, which may have contributed to the permanence of bacteria in the mammary gland, even when using traditional treatment, resulting in persistent mastitis.

Necrotizing sialometaplasia: a case report of a non-ulcerated histopathological presentation.

A 27-year-old woman presented with the chief complaint of severe pain in the palate region, which had been present for two months. Upon examination, she was found to have a firm, non-ulcerated nodule measuring about 2.5cm at the palatal junction. Incisional biopsy was recommended because the clinical differential diagnosis was mucoepidermoid carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Anatomopathological examination revealed squamous metaplasia of the salivary gland ducts with preservation of the lobular architecture. Immunohistochemistry showed metaplastic ducts with low reactivity for p53 and Ki67, as well as positivity for CK AE1/AE3, CK7, p63, S-100, and SMA. The final diagnosis was necrotizing sialometaplasia. No treatment is required for this disease. Thirty-nine days after biopsy, total remission was observed with no signs of relapse after two years.

Infarto de la arteria de Percheron y temblor de Holmes. Presentación de caso / Infarction of Percheron artery and Holmes tremor. Case presentation

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La arteria de Percheron suministra irrigación sanguínea a la región paramediana de ambos tálamos. El temblor de Holmes es un diagnóstico poco frecuente, más aún como resultado de un infarto talámico bilateral. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 72 años de edad a quien se le diagnosticó un temblor de Holmes secundario a un infarto de la arteria de Percheron. El estudio de perfusión cerebral con 99mTc-ECD evidenció marcada hipoperfusión del caudado, cuerpo estriado y tálamo derecho. CONCLUSIÓN: Los estudios funcionales con 99mTc-ECD resultaron útiles para evidenciar la diferencia de captación entre los tálamos con la consecuente disrupción de la vía rubro-tálamo-estriada derecha en este paciente con temblor de Holmes.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Percheron artery supplies blood to the paramedian region of both thalami. Holmes' tremor is an infrequent diagnosis, even more because of a bilateral thalamic infarction. CLINICAL CASE: A 72-year-old patient who was diagnosed of Holmes' tremor secondary to a Percheron artery infarction. The study of brain perfusion with 99mTc-ECD showed marked hypoperfusion of the right caudate, striatum and thalamus. CONCLUSION: Functional studies with 99mTc-ECD were useful to demonstrate the difference in uptake between the thalamus and the consequent disruption of the right-thalamus-striate pathway in this patient with Holmes' tremor.

Infliximab Trough Levels and Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Maintenance Therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between infliximab trough levels and quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients in maintenance therapy. METHODS: We carried out a transversal study with inflammatory bowel disease patients in infliximab maintenance therapy. Infliximab trough levels were determined using a quantitative rapid test. Disease activity indices (partial Mayo Score and Harvey-Bradshaw Index) and endoscopic scores (endoscopic Mayo Score or Simple Endoscopic Score in Crohn's disease) were obtained. Quality of life was assessed using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). RESULTS: Seventy-one consecutive subjects were included in the study (55 with Crohn's disease and 16 with ulcerative colitis). Drug levels were considered satisfactory (≥3 µg/mL) in 28 patients (39.4%) and unsatisfactory (<3 µg/mL) in 43 (60.6%). Satisfactory trough levels were associated with higher rates of clinical remission and mucosal healing. Higher trough levels were also associated with improved IBDQ scores, particularly regarding bowel symptoms, systemic function, and social function. CONCLUSION: Satisfactory trough levels of infliximab were associated with higher rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and improved quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients on maintenance therapy.

Correlatos valorativos do crescimento pós-traumático em uma amostra brasileira / Value correlates of posttraumatic growth in an brazilian sample

Este estudo objetivou verificar a relação existente entre o Crescimento Pós-Traumático e os valores humanos, tendo como base a Teoria Funcionalista. Para tanto, participaram 212 pessoas com idades variando de 18 a 86 anos (m = 28 anos e dp = 11, 45), a maioria mulheres (55,4%), solteiros (67,2%) e com ensino superior incompleto (37,6%). Os participantes responderam ao Posttrumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) e o Questionário de Valores Humanos Básicos. Foi realizada análise de correlação (r de Pearson) e regressões lineares múltiplas. Os resultados indicaram relações entre a subfunção existência com todos os fatores do PTGI, além das subfunções interativa, normativa, existência e realização apresentarem relação preditiva com o fator geral. Conclui-se que os resultados foram congruentes com a literatura especializada. Contribuindo para o avanço cientifico da temática, propõe­se uma investigação inovadora no trabalho da adaptação frente ao trauma e reafirma a centralidade dos valores na Psicologia Social. (AU)

This study aimed to verify the existing relationship between the Post-traumatic Growth and the human values, based on the Fundamentalist Theory. To this end, 212 people attended with ages ranging 18-86 years old (mean = 28 years, SD = 11, 45) in most women (55.4%), single (67.2%) and incomplete higher education (37.6%), which responded to Posttrumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Questionnaire of Basic Human Values. Correlation analysis was performed (Pearson's r) and multiple linear regressions. Resulting relationship between the subfunction existence with all PTGI factors, and to subfunction interactive, normative, existence and promotion presents relationship with the general factor. We conclude that the results were consistent with the literature. In order to contribute to the scientific advance of this topic, it is proposed an innovative investigation in the adaptation toward the trauma, as well as restate the centrality of the values in the Social Psychology. (AU)

Avaliação da prática de automedicação com descongestionantes nasais por estudantes da área da saúde / Evaluation of self-medication practice with nasal decongestants for students in the health field

Objetivo ­ Evidenciar a prática de automedicação e o uso indiscriminado de descongestionantes nasais pelos estudantes da área da saúde. Métodos ­ Para elaboração da pesquisa, foi realizada coleta de dados por meio de aplicação de questionário, com intuito de evidenciar a prática de automedicação e a frequência do uso indiscriminado dos descongestionantes nasais, a pesquisa foi feita entrevistando 100 participantes, sendo 50 homens e 50 mulheres no período de 18 de Novembro de 2015 a 11 de Março de 2016. Resultados ­ Avaliou-se através dos dados obtidos que a prática de automedicação e o uso indiscriminado e irracional desses medicamentos entre os estudantes ocorrem com frequência. Conclusão ­ Através dos dados obtidos foi possível concluir que o uso de descongestionantes nasais entre os alunos de ambos os sexos ocorrem, de maneira indiscriminada, de modo contínuo e dependente, sendo que, o fato da ausência de orientação adequada no momento da dispensação pode contribuir para o uso irracional.

Objective ­ Highlight the widespread use of nasal decongestants for health care students. Methods ­ To prepare the study, data collection was performed by application of questionnaire, in order to Highlight the frequency of the indiscriminate use of nasal decongestants, the research was done by interviewing 100 participants, 50 men and 50 women in period from 18 November 2015 to 11 March 2016. Results ­ Reviewed up through the data that the indiscriminate and irrational use of these drugs among students occur frequently. Conclusion ­ Through the data we found that the use of nasal decongestants among students of both sexes occur indiscriminately, continuous and dependent manner, and the fact of the absence of proper guidance at the time of dispensation can contribute to the irrational use.

High 15-F2t-Isoprostane Levels in Patients with a Previous History of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: The Effects of Supplementary Antioxidant Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Phase I of this study was aimed at comparing the profiles of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), previously treated with surgery, to the healthy subjects. Phase II aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementary antioxidant therapy on the levels of biomarkers in the case group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Phase I, oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in blood samples obtained from 24 healthy subjects and 60 patients with history of NMSC previously treated with surgery. In Phase II, the 60 patients with history of NMSC were randomized into two subgroups, one receiving placebo (n = 34) and the other (n = 26) receiving vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc supplementation for 8 weeks, followed by reevaluation of biomarkers. RESULTS: In Phase I, patients with history of NMSC showed increased plasma concentrations of all biomarkers, but only 15-F2t-isoprostane was significantly higher than in the healthy subjects. Risk of NMSC increased by 4% for each additional 1 pg/mL increase in 15-F2t-isoprostane. In Phase II, supplementation did not significantly reduce levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. CONCLUSION: Patients with history of NMSC had significantly high 15-F2t-isoprostane plasma levels; supplementation did not result in significant reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT02248584).

Antioxidant capacity total in non-melanoma skin cancer and its relationship with food consumption of antioxidant nutrients / Antioxidante total capacidad en cáncer de piel no melanoma y su relación con el consumo de alimentos de los nutrientes antioxidantes

The non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer and accounts for more than half of the diagnoses of cancer, and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most frequent cutaneous neoplasm, corresponding to 70-80% of cutaneous tumors. Oxidative stress is an important trigger for skin carcinogenesis. Thus, it is important to evaluate oxidative stress, in order to discern effective therapeutic strategies able to stop it or attenuate it, thereby prevent the installation of non-melanoma skin cancer. Cross-sectional study with controls, involving 84 individuals of both sexes aged between 38-84 years, divided into two groups: control group of healthy people(n = 24) and the case group included individuals who presented non-melanoma skin and they have undergoing surgery (n = 60). The blood samples of the individuals were obtained for evaluation of biomarkers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane, nitrite, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity). The usual dietary intake and nutritional status of the subjects were evaluated. The significance level for this study was 5%. Patients in the case group had higher serum concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress, F2-isoprostane concentrations were significantly higher compared to controls. The results showed high rates of overweight and obesity in the case and control groups. The dietary concentrations of antioxidant minerals zinc, copper and selenium in the case group were significantly lower compared to controls. The correlation between markers of oxidative stress and dietary concentrations of antioxidant nutrients showed the influence of food intake of vitamins A and E in reducing oxidative stress, since these nutrients behave as important antioxidants, acting as sweepers of RL, by removing of the body the negative effects on the redox balance of the skin. We emphasize the importance of adopting healthy eating habits that optimize the consumption of antioxidant nutrients as a strategy to prevent oxidative damage to the skin (AU)

El cáncer de piel no melanoma es el cáncer más común y representa más de la mitad de los diagnósticos de cáncer, y el carcinoma de células basales (BCC), la neoplasia cutánea más frecuente, representando el 70-80% de los tumores cutáneos. El estrés oxidativo es un disparador importante en la carcinogénesis de la piel. Por lo tanto, es importante para evaluar el estrés oxidativo, con el fin de prever y estrategias terapéuticas eficaces capaces de detener o mitigar ella, para evitar de este modo la instalación de cáncer de piel no melanoma. Estudio transversal con los controles, con la participación de 84 sujetos de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 38 a 84 años, divididos en dos grupos: grupo control de sujetos sanos (n =24) personas y el grupo de casos incluyeron los individuos que presentaron para el cáncer de piel no melanoma tiene someterse a la cirugía (n = 60). Las muestras de sangre de los sujetos fueron obtenidos para la evaluación de los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo (F2-isoprostano, nitritos, sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) y capacidad antioxidante total). Se evaluó la ingesta dietética habitual y el estado nutricional de los sujetos. El nivel de significación para este estudio fue de 5%. Los pacientes en el grupo de casos tenían mayores concentraciones séricas de biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo, las concentraciones de F2-isoprostano fueron significativamente mayor en comparación con los controles. Los resultados mostraron altas tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad en los grupos de casos y controles. Las concentraciones dietéticas de antioxidante minerales de zinc, cobre y selenio en el grupo de casos fueron significativamente más bajos en comparación con los controles. La correlación entre los marcadores de estrés oxidativo y las concentraciones dietéticas de nutrientes antioxidantes destacó la influencia de la ingesta de alimentos de vitaminas A y E en la reducción del estrés oxidativo, ya que estos nutrientes se comportan como antioxidantes importantes, actuando como barrenderos RL, el cuerpo se deshaga de estos efectos negativos sobre el equilibrio redox de la piel. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de adoptar hábitos de alimentación saludables que optimizan el consumo de nutrientes antioxidantes como estrategia para prevenir el daño oxidativo de la piel (AU)

Antioxidant capacity total in non-melanoma skin cancer and its relationship with food consumption of antioxidant nutrients.

The non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer and accounts for more than half of the diagnoses of cancer, and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most frequent cutaneous neoplasm, corresponding to 70-80% of cutaneous tumors. Oxidative stress is an important trigger for skin carcinogenesis. Thus, it is important to evaluate oxidative stress, in order to discern effective therapeutic strategies able to stop it or attenuate it, thereby prevent the installation of non-melanoma skin cancer. Cross-sectional study with controls, involving 84 individuals of both sexes aged between 38-84 years, divided into two groups: control group of healthy people(n = 24) and the case group included individuals who presented non-melanoma skin and they have undergoing surgery (n = 60). The blood samples of the individuals were obtained for evaluation of biomarkers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane, nitrite, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity). The usual dietary intake and nutritional status of the subjects were evaluated. The significance level for this study was 5%. Patients in the case group had higher serum concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress, F2-isoprostane concentrations were significantly higher compared to controls. The results showed high rates of overweight and obesity in the case and control groups. The dietary concentrations of antioxidant minerals zinc, copper and selenium in the case group were significantly lower compared to controls. The correlation between markers of oxidative stress and dietary concentrations of antioxidant nutrients showed the influence of food intake of vitamins A and E in reducing oxidative stress, since these nutrients behave as important antioxidants, acting as sweepers of RL, by removing of the body the negative effects on the redox balance of the skin. We emphasize the importance of adopting healthy eating habits that optimize the consumption of antioxidant nutrients as a strategy to prevent oxidative damage to the skin.

El cáncer de piel no melanoma es el cáncer más común y representa más de la mitad de los diagnósticos de cáncer, y el carcinoma de células basales (BCC), la neoplasia cutánea más frecuente, representando el 70-80% de los tumores cutáneos. El estrés oxidativo es un disparador importante en la carcinogénesis de la piel. Por lo tanto, es importante para evaluar el estrés oxidativo, con el fin de prever y estrategias terapéuticas eficaces capaces de detener o mitigar ella, para evitar de este modo la instalación de cáncer de piel no melanoma. Estudio transversal con los controles, con la participación de 84 sujetos de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 38 a 84 años, divididos en dos grupos: grupo control de sujetos sanos (n = 24) personas y el grupo de casos incluyeron los individuos que presentaron para el cáncer de piel no melanoma tiene someterse a la cirugía (n = 60). Las muestras de sangre de los sujetos fueron obtenidos para la evaluación de los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo (F2-isoprostano, nitritos, sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) y capacidad antioxidante total). Se evaluó la ingesta dietética habitual y el estado nutricional de los sujetos. El nivel de significación para este estudio fue de 5%. Los pacientes en el grupo de casos tenían mayores concentraciones séricas de biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo, las concentraciones de F2-isoprostano fueron significativamente mayor en comparación con los controles. Los resultados mostraron altas tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad en los grupos de casos y controles. Las concentraciones dietéticas de antioxidante minerales de zinc, cobre y selenio en el grupo de casos fueron significativamente más bajos en comparación con los controles. La correlación entre los marcadores de estrés oxidativo y las concentraciones dietéticas de nutrientes antioxidantes destacó la influencia de la ingesta de alimentos de vitaminas A y E en la reducción del estrés oxidativo, ya que estos nutrientes se comportan como antioxidantes importantes, actuando como barrenderos RL, el cuerpo se deshaga de estos efectos negativos sobre el equilibrio redox de la piel. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de adoptar hábitos de alimentación saludables que optimizan el consumo de nutrientes antioxidantes como estrategia para prevenir el daño oxidativo de la piel.

Hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress in patients on renal hemodialysis program.

INTRODUCTION: Albumin is considered an important extracellular antioxidant molecule. hypoalbuminemia is a strong and independent predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis. The present study evaluated the relation between hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress by comparing superoxide dismutase activity, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant micronutrient consumption in chronic renal failure patients. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out with 64 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 59 years. The patients with hypoalbuminemia (ALB < 3,5 g/dL) were defined as case (n = 26) and control (n = 38) those with ALB ≥ 3.5 g/dL.Determinations of activity superoxide dismutase (SOD)and nitric oxide production by the contraction of nitrite in erythrocytes, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA)in plasma, lipid profile and micronutrient antioxidants intake were performed. For comparisons between groups,the Student t test was used. Possible associations between variables were tested using the chi-square test and Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: Consumption of copper was significantly lower(p < 0.05) in the group with hypoalbuminemia. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of albumin and intake copper (r = 0.280). Negative correlation was found between albumin and MDA concentrations. CONCLUSION: Hypoalbuminemia is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, and can contribute to oxidative stress in chronic renal failure patients. Additionally, patients with chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis evaluated in this study had reduced consumption of cooper.

Introducción: La albumina se considera una molecula antioxidante extracelular importante. La hipoalbuminemia es un predictor fuerte e independiente de mortalidad en pacientes en hemodialisis. El presente estudio evaluo la relacion entre hipoalbuminemia y el estres oxidativo mediante la comparacion de la actividad de la superoxido dismutasa, la peroxidacion lipidica y el consumo de micronutrientes antioxidantes en pacientes con insuficiencia renal cronica. Métodos: Este estudio de casos y controles se llevo a cabo con 64 pacientes de ambos sexos de 18 a 59 anos. Los pacientes con hipoalbuminemia (ALB < 3,5 g / dL) se definieron como los casos (n = 26) y el grupo control (n = 38) aquellos con ALB ≥ 3,5 g/dL. Fueran realizadas determinaciones de la actividad de la superoxido dismutasa en los eritrocitos, la produccion de oxido nitrico por la contraccion de nitrito e concentracion de malondialdehido (MDA) en plasma, el perfil de lipidos en plasma, la ingesta de proteinas y micronutrientes antioxidantes se realizaron. Para las comparaciones entre grupos, se utilizo la prueba t de Student. Posibles asociaciones entre variables se analizaron mediante el test de correlacion lineal y Pearson y en la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: El consumo de cobre fue significativamente menor (p < 0,05) para el grupo con hipoalbuminemia. Correlaciones entres las concentraciones de albumina y el uso de cobre (r = 0,280). Se encontro correlacion negativa entre las concentraciones de albumina y MDA. Conclusión: La hipoalbuminemia se asocia con aumento de la peroxidacion lipidica, y puede contribuir al estres oxidativo en pacientes con insuficiencia renal cronica. Ademas, los pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica sometidos a hemodialisis evaluados en este estudio habian reducido el consumo de cobre.

Hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress in patients on renal hemodialysis program / Hipoalbuminemia y el estrés oxidativo en pacientes en programa de diálisis renal

Introduction: Albumin is considered an important extracellular antioxidant molecule. hypoalbuminemia is a strong and independent predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis. The present study evaluated the relation between hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress by comparing superoxide dismutase activity, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant micronutrient consumption in chronic renal failure patients. Methods: A case-control study was carried out with 64 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 59 years. The patients with hypoalbuminemia (ALB < 0.05) in the group with hypoalbuminemia. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of albumin and intake copper (r = 0.280). Negative correlation was found between albumin and MDA concentrations. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, and can contribute to oxidative stress in chronic renal failure patients. Additionally, patients with chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis evaluated in this study had reduced consumption of cooper (AU)

Introducción: La albúmina se considera una molécula antioxidante extracelular importante. La hipoalbuminemia es un predictor fuerte e independiente de mortalidad en pacientes en hemodiálisis. El presente estudio evaluó la relación entre hipoalbuminemia y el estrés oxidativo mediante la comparación de la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa, la peroxidación lipídica y el consumo de micronutrientes antioxidantes en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Métodos: Este estudio de casos y controles se llevó a cabo con 64 pacientes de ambos sexos de 18 a 59 años. Los pacientes con hipoalbuminemia (ALB < 3,5 g / dL) se definieron como los casos (n = 26) y el grupo control (n = 38) aquellos con ALB ≥ 3,5 g/dL. Fueran realizadas determinaciones de la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa en los eritrócitos, la producción de óxido nítrico por la contracción de nitrito e concentración de malondialdehído (MDA) en plasma, el perfil de lípidos en plasma, la ingesta de proteínas y micronutrientes antioxidantes se realizaron. Para las comparaciones entre grupos, se utilizó la prueba t de Student. Posibles asociaciones entre variables se analizaron mediante el test de correlación lineal y Pearson y en la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: El consumo de cobre fue significativamente menor (p < 0,05) para el grupo con hipoalbuminemia. Correlaciones entres las concentraciones de albúmina y el uso de cobre (r = 0,280). Se encontró correlación negativa entre las concentraciones de albúmina y MDA. Conclusión: La hipoalbuminemia se asocia con aumento de la peroxidación lipídica, y puede contribuir al estrés oxidativo en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Además, los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis evaluados en este estudio habían reducido el consumo de cobre (AU)

Auditory event-related potentials (P3) and cognitive changes induced by frontal direct current stimulation in alcoholics according to Lesch alcoholism typology.

Frontal lobe dysfunction is a hallmark of alcohol dependence. Recent studies have shown that a simple but powerful technique of cortical modulation--transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)--can induce significant cognitive changes. We therefore aimed to assess the clinical and electrophysiological (as indexed by P3) effects of tDCS of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in different types of alcoholic patients according to Lesch's typology. We enrolled 49 alcoholic subjects, aged between 18 and 75 yr, during the subacute abstinence period to participate in this study. Subjects underwent event-related potential (ERP) registration of alcohol-related and neutral sounds before, during and after active tDCS (1 mA, 35 cm², during 10 min) or sham procedure in a counterbalanced and randomized order. Frontal assessment battery (FAB) and five items of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale were applied at the beginning and at the end of each experimental session. ERP analysis showed an increase in the mean amplitude of P3 associated with alcohol-related sounds after tDCS. This effect was not seen for neutral sounds. This change was more pronounced in Lesch IV alcoholics. Secondary exploratory analysis showed a significant improvement of FAB performance after active tDCS compared to sham tDCS in Lesch IV alcoholics only. We showed clinical and electrophysiological evidence of tDCS-induced frontal activity enhancement that was specific for Lesch IV alcoholics. Given that frontal dysfunction may contribute to the loss of control over drinking behaviour, local increase in frontal activity induced by tDCS might have a beneficial clinical impact in the future.