Hymenoptera Allergy Diagnosis through Their Presence on Human Food.

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) protects up to 98% of treated Hymenoptera allergy patients from reactions with new stings. A correct diagnosis with the identification of the venom causing the allergic reaction is essential to implementing it. The knowledge of the Hymenoptera foraging habits when the sting takes place in a food environment would allow the culprit insect to be known. Images of Hymenoptera occurring in environments where there was human food were recorded in Spain, including the date of the image, the place description and its geolocation. The insects' genus and species were identified by an entomologist. Results: One hundred and fifty-five images depicting 71 insects were analyzed. The identified insects were Vespula (56), Vespa (7), Polistes (4), Cerceris (2), Bombus (1) and Apis (1). Most (97.1%) of the images were obtained in summer and early autumn, outdoors in terraces (64%). Meat was the food associated with 47.9% of the images. In protein-rich foods, Vespula was found in 89%. Conclusions: Vespula was the main Hymenoptera associated with food environments in our country (78.87%), and in most of the cases (71%), the food involved is a source of protein, such as meat or seafood. In that environment, the probability that the insect is a Vespula would be 89%.

Social wasps in Spain: the who and where.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to list the social vespids occurring in Spain, determine their presence in each region, and correlate the data with the vespids responsible for allergic reactions and their progression over time. METHODS: Insects distribution data were collected in two phases: from the southern half of Spain (2008-2012), and from the northern half of Spain (2016-2019). Data for the vespids were collected from the prescriptions of Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (HVIT) at six Spanish hospitals in the years 2009 and 2019. RESULTS: Polistes dominula and Vespula germanica were the most widely distributed species. Vespa velutina was found to be present in a large part of northern Spain. During the 10 year period, the prescriptions of vespid VIT increased by 42.63%. The north of Spain saw a 3.61 fold greater predominance of prescriptions for Vespula (to some extent influenced by Vespa velutina allergy) whereas in central and southern Spain, there was a 3.97 fold greater predominance of prescriptions for Polistes. CONCLUSIONS: It is the first study that compares the vespid distribution maps with VIT prescription. A noteworthy finding is the wide presence of Polistes dominula and Vespula germanica in Spain and the appearance of Vespa velutina allergy in the northern part of the country. Data of HVIT prescriptions reflect inter-regional variability with the predominance of Vespula (due to Vespula and Vespa) in the north and that of Polistes in the center and south of Spain.

Social wasps in Spain: the who and where

Objective The objective of this study was to list the social vespids occurring in Spain, determine their presence in each region, and correlate the data with the vespids responsible for allergic reactions and their progression over time.Methods Insects distribution data were collected in two phases: from the southern half of Spain (2008–2012), and from the northern half of Spain (2016–2019). Data for the vespids were collected from the prescriptions of Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (HVIT) at six Spanish hospitals in the years 2009 and 2019.Results Polistes dominula and Vespula germanica were the most widely distributed species. Vespa velutina was found to be present in a large part of northern Spain. During the 10 year period, the prescriptions of vespid VIT increased by 42.63%. The north of Spain saw a 3.61 fold greater predominance of prescriptions for Vespula (to some extent influenced by Vespa velutina allergy) whereas in central and southern Spain, there was a 3.97 fold greater predominance of prescriptions for Polistes.Conclusions It is the first study that compares the vespid distribution maps with VIT prescription. A noteworthy finding is the wide presence of Polistes dominula and Vespula germanica in Spain and the appearance of Vespa velutina allergy in the northern part of the country. Data of HVIT prescriptions reflect inter-regional variability with the predominance of Vespula (due to Vespula and Vespa) in the north and that of Polistes in the center and south of Spain (AU)

Impact of climate change on insect-human interactions.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To update the influence of the global climate change on Hymenoptera venom allergy. RECENT FINDINGS: Climate change facilitates biological invasions of hymenopteran species and plays a role in the impact of introduced species relevant for human health. It contributes to a rise in the incidence of sting injuries and allergy reactions across the world. SUMMARY: Global climate change has contributed to the expansion and the redistribution of allergenic insect species, increasing the number of allergy cases caused by stinging insects worldwide. Imported insects are trending species in systemic reactions for multiple stings or hymenopteran venom allergy. They represent a threat for humans and a challenge for the allergists.

Plant interactions shape pollination networks via nonadditive effects.

Plants grow in communities where they interact with other plants and with other living organisms such as pollinators. On the one hand, studies of plant-plant interactions rarely consider how plants interact with other trophic levels such as pollinators. On the other, studies of plant-animal interactions rarely deal with interactions within trophic levels such as plant-plant competition and facilitation. Thus, to what degree plant interactions affect biodiversity and ecological networks across trophic levels is poorly understood. We manipulated plant communities driven by foundation species facilitation and sampled plant-pollinator networks at fine spatial scale in a field experiment in Sierra Nevada, Spain. We found that plant-plant facilitation shaped pollinator diversity and structured pollination networks. Nonadditive effects of plant interactions on pollinator diversity and interaction diversity were synergistic in one foundation species networks while they were additive in another foundation species. Nonadditive effects of plant interactions were due to rewiring of pollination interactions. In addition, plant facilitation had negative effects on the structure of pollination networks likely due to increase in plant competition for pollination. Our results empirically demonstrate how different network types are coupled, revealing pervasive consequences of interaction chains in diverse communities.

Resección de quiste mesentérico gigante en adulto mayor: Reporte de un caso / Case Report: Gigantic mesenteric cyst in a senior citizen

Los quistes mesentéricos son poco frecuentes y representan menos de 1 de cada 100,000 ingresos hospitalarios. Fueron descritos por primera vez en 1507, y en 1880 Tillaux fue el primer cirujano que extirpó uno en forma exitosa. El presente reporte de caso se trata de una paciente de 64 años de edad que presentaba un aumento de volumen progresivo a nivel de mesogastrio e hipocondrio izquierdo, acompañado de náusea y dolor punzante intermitente. Contaba con exámenes de laboratorio que incluían marcadores tumorales, los cuales se encontraban dentro de rangos normales. La tomografía axial computada (TAC) de abdomen mostraba una imagen quística de aproximadamente 10 x 10 cm y diagnóstico probable de quiste mesentérico. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica programada con el diagnóstico preoperatorio de probable quiste mesentérico y se encontró un tumor de 15 x 10 cm dependiente de mesenterio, firmemente adherido la raíz del mismo, que se pudo extirpar sin dificultad. El reporte histopatológico fue de quiste simple de mesenterio. La paciente cursó con buena evolución posquirúrgica; egresó al cuarto día y fue dada de alta del servicio al tercer mes en la consulta externa de cirugía general. Los quistes mesentéricos constituyen patologías raras, y las referencias bibliográficas continúan siendo pocas, es más frecuente en la edad pediátrica y su presentación clínica en adultos generalmente se presenta con dolores abdominales vagos y poco localizados y en ocasiones acompañado de náuseas. El tratamiento definitivo lo constituye generalmente la escisión quirúrgica, con preferencia la enucleación.

The mesenteric cysts are uncommon and represent less than one case out of 100 000 hospital admissions. The first time they were described was on 1507 and on 1880 Dr. Tillaux was the first surgeon which removed a mesenteric cyst successfully. The present case report is about a patient of 64 years old that had mesogastric and left quadrant volume mass together with nausea and throbbing along with labs results including tumor markers all being on average normal range. The abdomen CT report of the patient showed a cyst mass of about 10 x 10 cm with probable diagnose of mesentericcyst. The surgery was performed with such preop diagnosis finding a mass of 15x10cm strongly dependent to root mesentery which was able to be removed. The histopatologic report was a simple mesenteric Cyst. The patient followed good postop follow and got off on the fourth day after surgery and getting reviewed at clinic with good outcome. The mesenteric cysts are rare pathologies and the bibliography reviews are few being more often at pediatric time and at adult age being shown with vague abdominal pain, bad located together with nausea. The last treatment is always surgical remove.

Abordaje laparoscópico de úlcera gástrica perforada / Laparoscopic treatment of perforated gastric ulcer

Antecedentes: La reparación de una úlcera péptica perforada puede efectuarse con un simple cierre con sutura o con parche de epiplón (Graham) suturado o grapado. El cierre primario más parche de Graham se ha convertido en el método predilecto de un sinnúmero de instituciones. Aparentemente, el tratamiento urgente por vía laparoscópica es bastante efectivo y goza de tasas aceptables de morbilidad y mortalidad comparado con la cirugía convencional. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente varón de 66 años de edad, el cual presenta antecedentes de HAS y AR sin tratamiento, fue llevado al servicio de urgencia del hospital General "Dr. Gonzalo Castañeda" del ISSSTE con un cuadro de 12 h de evolución caracterizado por dolor en epigastrio de tipo ardoroso, inicio súbito, intenso, el cual se generalizó posteriormente a todo el abdomen, presentado datos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y mal estado general, abdomen con irritación peritoneal y abdomen en madera, leucocitosis y aire libre subdiafragmático en placa simple de tórax, por lo que diagnosticó ulcera péptica perforada y se decidió realizar cirugía de urgencias. Se utilizó reparación laparoscópica de ulcera gástrica perforada con colocación de parche de epiplón y lavado de cavidad peritoneal con evolución satisfactoria del paciente y posterior egreso de éste. Con el advenimiento de las técnicas laparoscópicas, la factibilidad y seguridad del cierre laparoscópico de las úlceras pépticas perforadas ha sido demostrada en algunas series publicadas recientemente. Conclusión: es evidente que la reparación laparoscópica de úlceras pépticas perforadas puede ser considerada como un método seguro y efectivo, particularmente en pacientes con menos de 24 h de evolución, contando además con algunas de las ventajas ya establecidas de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas.

Background: The repairment of perforated peptic ulcer can be done with a simple suture closure with omental patch (Graham) stitches. Primary closure plus Graham patch has become the preferred method of many institutions. Apparently, the laparoscopic emergency treatment is quite effective, enjoying acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality compared with conventional surgery. Clinical case: We report a case of male patient aged 66 who has a history of SAH and AR without treatment, is brought to the emergency service of General Hospital "Dr. Gonzalo Castañeda "ISSSTE with 12 hrs of evolution presenting epigastric pain of sudden onset of intense burning rate which subsequently generalize to the entire abdomen, reported data of systemic inflammatory response and poor general health, abdomen with peritoneal irritation and wood abdomen, leukocytosis, and subdiaphragmatic air on simple chest plate, diagnosed as perforated peptic ulcer and emergency surgery say using laparoscopic repair of perforated gastric ulcer with omental patch placement and washing of peritoneal cavity of the patient with satisfactory outcome and completion of he. With the advent of laparoscopic techniques, the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic closure of perforated peptic ulcers has been demonstrated in some studies published recently. Conclusion: it is clear that the laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer can be considered as a safe and effective, particularly in patients with less than 24 hrs of evolution, and also boasts some of the already established advantages of minimally invasive techniques.