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1.
Nephrol Dial Transplant ; 26(4): 1388-92, 2011 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20844185

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sensitized patients (pts) may develop acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) due to preformed donor-specific antibodies, undetected by pre-transplant complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) crossmatch (XM). We hypothesized that C4d staining in 1-h post-reperfusion biopsies (1-h Bx) could detect early complement activation in the renal allograft due to preformed donor-specific antibodies. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, renal transplants (n = 229) performed between June 2005 and December 2007 were entered into a prospective study of 1-h Bx and stained for C4d by immunofluorescence. Transplants were performed against a negative T-cell CDC-XM with the exception of three cases with a positive B-cell XM. RESULTS: All 229 1-h Bx stained negative for C4d. Fourteen pts (6%) developed AMR. None of the 14 protocol 1-h Bx stained positive for C4d in peritubular capillaries (PTC). However, all indication biopsies-that diagnosed AMR-performed at a median of 8 days after transplantation stained for C4d in PTC. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that C4d staining in 1-h Bx is, in general, not useful for the early detection of AMR when CDC-XM is negative.


Subject(s)
Complement C4b/immunology , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Graft Rejection/immunology , Histocompatibility Testing , Isoantibodies/immunology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Peptide Fragments/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Biopsy , Complement C4b/metabolism , Female , Graft Rejection/etiology , Humans , Kidney/pathology , Kidney/surgery , Kidney Diseases/complications , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Peptide Fragments/metabolism , Prospective Studies , Reperfusion
4.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 47(3): 143-5, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16021287

ABSTRACT

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is usually prevented in transplanted patients by prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol (TMS). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to have a strong protective effect against PCP in rats. This effect is also suggested in humans by the absence of PCP in patients receiving MMF. After January 1998 MMF has been used with no TMS prophylaxis in renal transplanted patients. In azathioprine (AZA) treated patients TMS prophylaxis was maintained. The incidence of PCP was analyzed in both groups. Data were collected in order to have a minimum 6-month follow-up. Two hundred and seventy-two patients were eligible for analysis. No PCP occurred either in patients under MMF without TMS prophylaxis nor in patients under AZA. MMF may have an effective protective role against PCP as no patient under MMF, despite not receiving TMS coverage, developed PCP. A larger, controlled, trial is warranted to consolidate this information.


Subject(s)
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Mycophenolic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/prevention & control , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 47(3)May-June 2005. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-406290

ABSTRACT

A pneumonia por Pneumocystis carinii (PPC) em transplantados renais é, habitualmente, prevenida pelo uso profilático de trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (TMS). Foi demonstrado que o micofenolato mofetil (MMF) exerce um poderoso efeito protetor sobre a PPC experimental em ratos. Este efeito também foi sugerido em humanos pela ausência de PPC em pacientes recebendo MMF. A partir de janeiro de 1998 passamos a usar o MMF em transplantados renais sem profilaxia por TMS. Nos pacientes recebendo azatioprina (AZA) a profilaxia com TMS continuou a ser empregada. A incidência de PPC foi analisada em ambos os grupos. Os dados foram coletados após um mínimo de seis meses de seguimento. Foram analisados 272 pacientes. Não ocorreu nenhum caso de PPC tanto nos pacientes recebendo MMF como naqueles recebendo AZA. O MMF pode ter exercido um efeito protetor contra a PPC, já que nenhum paciente sob MMF e sem receber profilaxia por TMS desenvolveu PPC. Estudos maiores e controlados se fazem necessários para confirmar estas informações.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/prevention & control , Drug Therapy, Combination , Retrospective Studies
6.
Ther Drug Monit ; 26(1): 53-7, 2004 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14749551

ABSTRACT

New cyclosporine A (CsA) formulations must prove their bioequivalence to Neoral, the reference CsA formulation, to allow free prescription for the patients. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a new CsA formulation (Zinograf-ME), produced by Strides-Arcolab, to Neoral and to demonstrate their interchangeability in stable renal transplant recipients. Twelve-hour PK studies were obtained from 18 (13 M/5 F) adult patients (mean age 44.7 +/- 12 years). They received their renal allografts from 13 cadaver and 5 living donors. Before enrollment, all patients were receiving a third generic CsA for a mean of 48 months. Nine patients were also under azathioprine and 9 under mycophenolate mofetil; 17 received prednisone. A single oral dose of either Zinograf or Neoral was administered. The first PK study was performed with one formulation, and 1 week later, a second PK was done with the other formulation. During the washout period, patients continued taking the third CsA formulation. The drug substitution was done milligram-for-milligram. The CsA whole-blood level was measured by TDx immunoassay. Mean +/- SD of area under the curve (AUC), maximum concentration (C(max)), and concentration at the second hour (C2) of Zinograf were not statistically different from those with Neoral (4019 +/- 1466 vs 3971 +/- 1325 ng x h/mL, 998 +/- 376 vs 1021 +/- 356 ng/mL, and 707 +/- 254 vs 734 +/- 229 ng/mL, respectively). In the same way, the Zinograf 90% confidence interval for either C(max) (-123, +77 ng/mL) or AUC (-214, +311 ng.mL/h) were within the Neoral bioequivalence interval for the same parameters (+/-204 ng/mL and +/-794 ng x mL/h, respectively). These data demonstrate that the ZinografME CsA formulation is bioequivalent to Neoral.


Subject(s)
Cyclosporine/pharmacokinetics , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Oral , Area Under Curve , Cyclosporine/blood , Female , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/blood , Kidney Transplantation , Male , Middle Aged , Therapeutic Equivalency
7.
J. bras. nefrol ; 24(3): 157-160, set. 2002.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-402210

ABSTRACT

Ainda existem muitos obstáculos a vencer até que o xenoenxerto seja uma realidade na prática clínica dos transplantes. O transplante discordante é o que tem maior chance de viabilização, sendo o porco o animal mais estudado. A principal barreira imunológica ao xenotransplante é a rejeição hiperaguda. Inúmeras técnicas começam a estar disponíveis com o propósito de ultrapassar essa difícil etapa. Métodos de transgênese e de indução de tolerância são promissores na tentativa de controlar o processo. Ao mesmo tempo em que progridem os estudos sobre o controle imunológico do xenotransplante, iniciam- se outros visando avaliar o risco real de disseminação de retrovírus aos humanos, assim como os de avaliação fisiológica de enxerto de porco. Também existem discussões éticas pertinentes ao uso de animais como doadores de órgãos(au)


Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Dressings , Transplantation, Heterologous/trends
8.
Hansen. int ; 21(1): 46-51, jan.-jun. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-184037

ABSTRACT

Sao apresentados três casos de pacientes portadores de formas multibacilares de hanseníase que apresentaram máculas hipocrômicas, em média seis meses após o término da poliquimioterapia/OMS para multibacilares (MB). Baseados nos exames baciloscópico, histopatológico e na evoluçao clínica favorável, com ou sem corticoterapia, firmou-se o diagnóstico de reaçao reversa macular, atípica, para estes casos. Discute-se este diagnóstico, em oposiçao à hipótese de recidiva de forma PB em pacientes inicialmente MB. Enfatíza-se a necessidade de uma correta caracterizaçao das lesoes de reaçao reversa pós-alta medicamentosa, evitando a reintroduçao terapêutica desnecessária.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Middle Aged , Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Drug Therapy, Combination , Leprosy/drug therapy , Drug Hypersensitivity/therapy , Time Factors
9.
AMB rev. Assoc. Med. Bras ; 37(2): 67-72, abr.-jun. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-97755

ABSTRACT

Os autores relatam sua experiência com o uso da ciclosproina-A (CsA) em transplante renal. Quando comparada com o esquema clássico (azatioprina e predinisona), a CsA, tanto associada à prednisona (esquema duplo), como associada à azatioprina e prednisona (esquema tríplice), contribuiu para uma considerável melhora na sobrevida do enxerto e do paciente. A CsA foi usada também em substituiçäo à azatioprina em pacientes com hepatopatia induzida ou agravada pela azatioprina. Os resultados iniciais säo promissores. Com o objetivo de favorecer o crescimento de crianças com déficit estatural, a CsA foi introduzida com retirada posterior da prednisona e manutençäo da azatioprina. Houve recuperaçäo do ritmo em todas elas. Este esquema parece ser o ideal para se empregar em crianças. Uma cuidadosa manutençäo dos níveis sanguíneos adequados de CsA evita ou minimiza a sua nefortoxicidade. Para atingir os níveis terapêuticos ideais, os pacientes hepatopatas necessitam doses mais baixas e as crianças, mais altas. Em resumo, a CsA, adequadamente manuseada, é um excelente imunossupressor


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Cyclosporins/therapeutic use , Kidney Transplantation , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Azathioprine/administration & dosage , Clinical Trials as Topic , Cyclosporins/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Follow-Up Studies , Hospital Units , Hospitals, University , Prednisone/administration & dosage
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