Seguimiento ambulatorio de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en CASMU-IAMPP / Outpatient follow-up of pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at CASMU IAMPP Hospital / Acompanhamento ambulatorial de pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados com COVID-19 no Hospital CASMU IAMPP

Introducción: en marzo de 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró la pandemia de COVID-19. En Uruguay, más de 60.000 niños han cursado la enfermedad, requiriendo internación unos 500. Tres fallecieron. Objetivos: describir las características epidemiológicas de menores de 15 años con diagnóstico de COVID-19 controlados en un programa de seguimiento ambulatorio, su nexo epidemiológico y comparar los resultados de 2020 y 2021. Metodología: trabajo descriptivo de menores de 15 con confirmación etiológica de SARS-CoV-2 asistidos por el programa entre marzo de 2020 y junio de 2021. Variables: sexo, edad, procedencia, nexo epidemiológico y síntomas. Se compararon las variables entre los dos períodos de estudio. Resultados: se siguieron 1.328 pacientes, 663 (49,9%) sexo masculino. Menores de 6 años, 341 (25,6%); de 6 a 11, 608 (45,7%), y de 12 años o más, 379 (28,7%). El nexo epidemiológico fue mayoritariamente intrafamiliar (conviviente 867, no conviviente 144). En 2020 hubo 132 pacientes positivos, 35 (26,5%) menores de 6 (uno menor al año); 66 (50%) sintomáticos: 49 síntomas respiratorios altos (37,1%), 35 fiebre (26,5%), siete cefalea (5,3%), 60 asintomáticos. En 2021 hubo 1.196 pacientes positivos, 306 (25%) menores de 6 (dos recién nacidos y 43 menores de 1 año); 791 (66%) sintomáticos: 500 síntomas respiratorios altos (41,8%), 355 fiebre (29,7%), cefalea 212 (17,7%), 352 asintomáticos. En 2021 aumentaron los sintomáticos, la cefalea y las infecciones intrafamiliares (p <0,05). El porcentaje de contagios en centros educativos tuvo un descenso estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: en ambos periodos predominaron los escolares, con aparición de casos en niños menores de un año en 2021. Los niños se contagiaron en domicilio. Los pacientes sintomáticos predominaron en 2021, en particular aquellos con cefalea.

Summary: Introduction: in March 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic. In Uruguay, more than 60,000 children have had the disease, 500 of them requiring hospitalization. Three died. Objectives: to describe the epidemiological characteristics of children under 15 years of age diagnosed with COVID-19 controlled in an outpatient follow-up program, their epidemiological trace, and to compare results for 2020 and 2021. Methodology: descriptive study of children under 15 years of age with etiological confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 assisted by the program between March 2020 and June 2021. Variables: sex, age, origin, epidemiological link and symptoms. Variables were compared between the 2 study periods. Results: 1,328 patients were followed up, 663 (49.9%) male. Under 6 years old, 341 (25.6%), from 6 to 11, 608 (45.7%) and 12 years or older, 379 (28.7%). The epidemiological trace was mainly within the family (867 living together, 144 not living together). In 2020 there were 132 positive patients, 35 (26.5%) under 6 (1 under a year); 66 (50%) symptomatic: 49 upper respiratory symptoms (37.1%), 35 fever (26.5%), 7 headache (5.3%), 60 asymptomatic. In 2021, there were 1,196 positive patients, 306 (25%) under 6 (2 newborns and 43 under 1 year); 791 (66%) symptomatic: 500 upper respiratory symptoms (41.8%), 355 fever (29.7%), headache 212 (17.7%), 352 asymptomatic. In 2021, symptoms, headache and intrafamily infections increased (p < 0.05). The percentage of infections taking place at schools had a statistically significant decrease. Conclusions: in both periods, schoolchildren predominated, with cases appearing in children under one year of age in 2021. The children were infected at home. Symptomatic patients predominated in 2021, particularly those with headache.

Introdução: em março de 2020, a OMS declarou a pandemia de COVID-19. No Uruguai, mais de 60.000 crianças tiveram a doença, 500 delas necessitaram de internação. Três morreram. Objetivos: descrever as características epidemiológicas de crianças menores de 15 anos diagnosticadas com COVID-19 controladas em programa de acompanhamento ambulatorial, seu vínculo epidemiológico e comparar os resultados de 2020 e 2021. Metodologia: trabalho descritivo de crianças menores de 15 anos com confirmação etiológica de SARS-CoV-2 atendidas pelo programa entre março de 2020 e junho de 2021. Variáveis: sexo, idade, procedência, vínculo epidemiológico e sintomas. As variáveis foram comparadas entre os 2 períodos de estudo. Resultados: 1.328 pacientes foram acompanhados, 663 (49,9%) do sexo masculino. Menores de 6 anos, 341 (25,6%), de 6 a 11, 608 (45,7%) e 12 anos ou mais, 379 (28,7%). O vínculo epidemiológico foi principalmente no âmbito familiar (867 moram juntos, 144 não moram juntos). Em 2020 houve 132 pacientes positivos, 35 (26,5%) menores de 6 anos (1 menor de um ano); 66 (50%) sintomáticos: 49 sintomas respiratórios superiores (37,1%), 35 febre (26,5%), 7 cefaleia (5,3%), 60 assintomáticos. Em 2021 houve 1.196 pacientes positivos, 306 (25%) menores de 6 anos (2 recém-nascidos e 43 menores de 1 ano); 791 (66%) sintomáticos: 500 sintomas respiratórios superiores (48,1%), 355 febre (29,7%), cefaleia 212 (17,7%), 352 assintomáticos. Em 2021, os sintomas, cefaleia e infecções intrafamiliares aumentaram (p < 0,05). A porcentagem de infecções em centros educacionais teve uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa. Conclusões: em ambos períodos predominaram os escolares, com aparecimento de casos em menores de um ano em 2021. As crianças foram infectadas em casa. Pacientes sintomáticos predominaram em 2021, particularmente aqueles com cefaleia.

First prospective clinical trial of reduced incision bariatric procedures using magnetic liver retraction.

BACKGROUND: Exposure of the surgical field is an essential component of minimally invasive surgery. Liver retraction is an important element of bariatric procedures because visualization of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction is key. The magnetic surgical system provides a well-tolerated and effective option for adjustable liver retraction without the use of a dedicated port. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety profile and effectiveness of the magnetic surgical system in patients undergoing bariatric procedures. SETTING: Two investigational sites in Chile. METHODS: A prospective, single-arm study (ClinicalTrials.govNCT03508674) with adherence to Good Clinical Practices and ISO 14155:2011(E) was undertaken to evaluate the safety profile and effectiveness of the magnetic surgical system in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Patient follow-up occurred at 7 and 30 days postprocedure. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients who met the inclusion criteria had a body mass index ranging from 28.4 to 58.2 kg/m2. All procedures were completed without complications or conversions. The average overall procedure time was 61 minutes, and the amount of coupling time between the magnetic controller and the detachable grasper was 37 minutes. In all cases the device was able to adequately retract the liver to achieve an effective exposure of the target tissue and perform the bariatric procedure. A total of 24 adverse effects were reported throughout the course of the study. All device-related adverse effects were mild in severity and resolved with no clinical sequelae. CONCLUSION: The magnetic surgical system is a well-tolerated and effective option for liver retraction in minimally invasive and bariatric surgery in patients with a varying range of body mass indexes.

Magnetic Liver Retraction Decreases Postoperative Pain and Length of Stay in Bariatric Surgery Compared to Nathanson Device.

Objective: Retrospective case-matched comparison of magnetic liver retraction to a bedrail-mounted liver retractor in bariatric surgery specifically targeting short-term postoperative outcomes, including pain and resource utilization. Background: Retraction of the liver is essential to ensure appropriate visualization of the hiatus in bariatric surgery. Externally mounted retractors require a dedicated port or an additional incision. Magnetic devices provide effective liver retraction without the need of an incision. Methods: The sample consisted of primary and revisional bariatric surgery patients, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) operations. Propensity score analysis was used to match patients with magnetic retraction to patients with a bedrail-mounted retractor with a 1:2 ratio using preoperative characteristics. Baseline characteristics and postprocedure outcomes were compared using two-sample t-tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests and chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Results: One hundred patients met inclusion criteria for the use of magnetic liver retraction (45 RYGB, 35 SG, 20 BPD-DS) with 196 suitable matched external retractor patients identified. Patients were matched and comparable for all preoperative characteristics except for transversus abdominus plane block (27% versus 47%). Patients in the magnet cohort had significantly decreased mean 12-hour postoperative pain scores (2.9 versus 4.2, P = .004) and decreased hospital length of stay (LOS) (1.5 versus 1.9 days, P = .005) while operating room supply were higher in the magnet cohort ($4600 versus $4213, P = .0001). Conclusions: Magnetic liver retraction in bariatric surgery is associated with decreased postoperative pain scores, decreased hospital LOS, and increased operating supply costs.

Repetition priming in mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: Impact of educational attainment.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of education on repetition priming performances in healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and mild dementia. METHOD: A total of 72 participants (healthy = 27, with MCI = 28, with mild dementia = 17) took part in the present study. Priming was assessed using the Word Stem Completion Test, and delayed and recognition memory was assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. A multinomial regression analysis was used to examine whether years of education moderated priming and declarative memory performances in predicting group membership. RESULTS: Priming performances discriminated between individuals with MCI and mild dementia but not between MCI and healthy. Additionally, this effect was most salient in individuals with low levels of education. Education did not moderate explicit memory performances in predicting group membership. CONCLUSION: Little is known about the impact of education on priming in verbal memory. Our findings indicate that formal years of education impact priming performances in MCI and individuals with mild dementia, which may have implications for designing interventions targeting "intact" cognitive abilities in these groups.

Malaria mixta: a propósito del diagnóstico de un caso en zona no endémica / Mixed malaria: regarding the diagnosis of a case in a non-endemic zone

Las infecciones por malaria mixta (MMx) son frecuentemente subdiagnosticadas, a pesar de su alta morbimortalidad. La presencia de más de una especie de Plasmodium spp. y su asociación con síntomas palúdicos configura una MMx. El artículo presenta el caso de una paciente pediátrica diagnosticada con MMx en un hospital en una zona no endémica. Se hace una breve revisión del tema y su abordaje terapéutico para Colombia.

Mixed-malaria infections are often under recognized, despite their high morbimortality. The presence of more than one species of Plasmodium spp. in association with clinical symptoms configures a mixed-malaria infection. A pediatric patient diagnosed with mixed-malaria infection in a non-endemic zone hospital is described. A brief review and its therapeutic approach for Colombia are presented.

Mastopatia linfocítica simulando neoplasia de mama: relato de caso / Lymphocytic mastopathy mimicking breast malignancy: a case report

A mastopatia linfocítica acomete mulheres jovens e de meia idade e está frequentemente associada a doenças autoimunes. Seu diagnóstico é feito associando achados clínicos (espessamento ou nódulo mamário endurecido), radiológicos (aumento da densidade mamária, nódulo e calcificações), ultrassonográficos (nódulo com sombra acústica posterior), histopatológicos (fibrose e infiltrado linfocítico) e imuno-histoquímicos. É uma entidade benigna que pode simular carcinoma. Neste artigo, relata-se um caso de paciente com mastopatia linfocítica.

Lymphocytic mastopathy affects both young and middle-aged women and is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. Diagnosis is done by associating clinical (breast tissue thickening or hardened breast lump), radiological (increased breast density, presence of mass and calcifications), sonographic (nodule with posterior acoustic shadowing), histopathological (fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrate) and immunohistochemical findings. Lymphocytic mastopathy is a benign entity that may mimic carcinoma. The authors report the case of a patient with lymphocytic mastopathy.

Lymphocytic mastopathy mimicking breast malignancy: a case report.

Lymphocytic mastopathy affects both young and middle-aged women and is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. Diagnosis is done by associating clinical (breast tissue thickening or hardened breast lump), radiological (increased breast density, presence of mass and calcifications), sonographic (nodule with posterior acoustic shadowing), histopathological (fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrate) and immunohistochemical findings. Lymphocytic mastopathy is a benign entity that may mimic carcinoma. The authors report the case of a patient with lymphocytic mastopathy.

A mastopatia linfocítica acomete mulheres jovens e de meia idade e está frequentemente associada a doenças autoimunes. Seu diagnóstico é feito associando achados clínicos (espessamento ou nódulo mamário endurecido), radiológicos (aumento da densidade mamária, nódulo e calcificações), ultrassonográficos (nódulo com sombra acústica posterior), histopatológicos (fibrose e infiltrado linfocítico) e imuno-histoquímicos. É uma entidade benigna que pode simular carcinoma. Neste artigo, relata-se um caso de paciente com mastopatia linfocítica.

Qualidade da interpretação do diagnóstico mamográfico / Quality of the interpretation of diagnostic mammographic images

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar o conhecimento mamográfico dos médicos interpretadores que trabalham na rede de saúde pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e avaliar o conhecimento adquirido após um curso elaborado com o objetivo de capacitar profissionais médicos no diagnóstico precoce do câncer de mama. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram convidados 53 médicos que laudam exames mamográficos para o treinamento. Esses médicos eram submetidos a um pré-teste, no qual se avaliava o grau de conhecimento inicial. Depois, foram lecionadas aulas previamente elaboradas por mamografistas experientes, e para conclusão do curso esses médicos eram submetidos a um pós-teste para avaliação do conhecimento adquirido. RESULTADOS: O curso de capacitação de profissionais médicos, com ênfase em aulas teóricas, não mostrou aumento significativo na qualidade da interpretação mamográfica, destacando-se a persistência do erro na descrição morfológica das lesões fundamentais da mama, erro da classificação pelo sistema de padronização das lesões mamárias (BI-RADS®), falta de coerência entre a classificação BI-RADS adotada e a recomendação de conduta, tanto no pré-teste como no pós-teste. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que os médicos interpretadores mostram conhecimento insuficiente em relação ao diagnóstico precoce por imagem do câncer de mama e que o curso teórico não mostrou aumento significativo na qualidade da interpretação mamográfica.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the knowledge of mammogram readers working in the public healthcare system in the State of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and to evaluate their progress in the early diagnosis of breast cancer after a training course specifically developed for medical professionals . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 53 physicians with experience in mammography reports were invited. A pre-test was given to assess their initial knowledge level. Afterwards, they were trained by experts mammographers, and for final conclusion, requested to take a post-test for comparison and evaluation of gained knowledge. RESULTS: The course, with emphasis on theoretical classes, has not resulted in a significant improvement on the quality of mammogram reading, highlighting the persistence of errors in morphological description of fundamental lesions of the breast, in the classification of such lesions according to the BI-RADS®, besides the lack of coherence between the BI-RADS classification and follow-up recommendation as observed in both the pre- and post-test. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that the mammogram readers have demonstrated insufficient knowledge in relation to early imaging diagnosis of breast cancer, and that the theoretical training has not resulted in a significant improvement on the quality of mammogram reading.

Procedimiento de Whipple para un tumor estroma gastrointestinal en el duodeno / Whipple procedure for gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the duodenal

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (TEGI) constituyen el mayor grupo de tumores mesenquimatosos del tracto gastrointestinal. Comparten ciertas características clinicopatológicas e inmnohistoquímicas recientemente establecidas en particular la positividad para CD117/c-kit. Se localizan más frecuentemente en el estómago; el duodeno es el sitio de origen de estos tumores en aproximadamente un 15 por ciento de los casos. El tratamiento descrito para TECI duodenales es quirúrgico y varía desde enucleación hasta pancreatoduodenectomía. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 43 años con un tumor del estroma gastrointestinal localizado en la 2ª porción del duodeno quien fue sometido a resección completa con un procedimiento de Whipple. La evaluación patológica demostró que se trataba de un tumor de alto grado con diámetro mayor de 6 cm. Este reporte destaca una rara, aunque no despreciable, neoplasia duodenal así como su manejo quirúrgico

Obstrucción intestinal debido a endometriosis ileal: reporte de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Intestinal obstruction by endometriosisileal: report one case and bibliography review

La obstrucción del intestino delgado es uno de los padecimientos abdominales más frecuentemente atendidos en el servicio de urgencias. Es un síndrome con múltiples causas, una particularmente interesante es la endometriosis intestinal, la cual ocurre hasta en el 37 por ciento de las pacientes con endometriosis. La vasta mayoría de pacientes no experimenta síntomas relacionados con el tracto gastrointestinal. Presentamos aquí el caso de una mujer de 34 años con obstrucción intestinal secundaria a endometriosis. Requirió resección quirúrgica con anastomosis primaria. La evaluación patológica demostró endometriosis extensa del intestino delago, que producía obstrucción completa. Tuvo una lento postoperatorio y requirió una laparotomía e ileostomía, debido a dehiscencia de la anastomosis. Este informe ilumina las raras, aunque significativas complicaciones de la endometriosis intestinal, incluyendo la obstrucción intestinal. La endometriosis intestinal debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de aquellas pacientes con obstrucción intestinal en edad reproductiva. Descriptores: Endometriosis, obstrucción intestinal.