Estudio comparativo entre clorhexidina alcohólica 2% tintada con aplicador y povidona yodada en la preparación del campo quirúrgico en cirugía limpia de pared abdominal (hernia umbilical y eventración) / Comparative study between alcoholic chlorhexidine 2% tinted with applicator and povidone iodine in the preparation of the surgical field in clean surgery of abdominal wall (umbilical hernia and ventral hernia)

Introducción: existe suficiente evidencia sobre la mayor eficacia de la clorhexidina alcohólica con respecto a la povidona yodada en la asepsia quirúrgica en cirugía limpia-contaminada, pero no la suficiente evidencia en cirugía limpia de pared abdominal. Objetivo: comparar la eficacia en la prevención de la infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugía limpia de la pared abdominal tras la utilización de estos dos antisépticos en la preparación del campo operatorio. Pacientes y Métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo. La obtención de datos se ha realizado a través de la historia clínica electrónica. Se seleccionaron 398 pacientes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión, intervenidos de hernia umbilical y eventración desde enero 2017 a diciembre 2018. Se dividieron en dos grupos según el tipo de antiséptico utilizado. Grupo de povidona yodada 199 y grupo de clorhexidina alcohólica 199 pacientes. El criterio de valoración principal es la infección del sitio quirúrgico, en los 30 días posteriores a la cirugía. Se analizaron las frecuencias y distribuciones de variables sexo, edad, antecedentes personales, riesgo anestésico, tipo de intervención, profilaxis antibiótica, tiempo de intervención, presencia de drenaje, estancia y complicación infecciosa. Los resultados se presentan como una media, desviación estándar y varianza para las variables cuantitativas y en proporciones emparentadas para variables cualitativas. La tasa de infección en los dos grupos se compara mediante la prueba del Chi2 con un valor de P < 0,05 como intervalo de confianza, para valorar si la diferencia entre los dos antisépticos, es estadísticamente significativa. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa SPSS. Resultados: la edad de los pacientes, el sexo, antecedentes personales, riego anestésico, tipo de patología, profilaxis antibiótica, tiempo de intervención, la presencia de drenaje, estancia, el tipo de intervención quirúrgica y el patrón de uso de antibióticos profilácticos en ambos grupos no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p> 0.05), lo cual pone de manifiesto la homogeneidad de los grupos y por lo tanto son comparables. Cinco (2,5%) pacientes desarrollaron infección del sitio quirúrgico en el grupo de la povidona yodada y 3 (1,5%) en el grupo de la clorhexidina alcohólica. Las enterobacterias fueron los gérmenes patógenos más frecuentes cultivados en las heridas infectadas. Conclusión: aunque la tasa de infección del sitio quirúrgico en el grupo de clorhexidina alcohólica es menor con respecto al grupo de povidona yodada, el análisis estadístico demuestra que esta diferencia no es estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,7210); por tanto, estos dos antisépticos son igualmente eficaces en la preparación del campo operatorio en cirugía limpia de pared abdominal

Introduction: There is sufficient evidence on the greater efficacy of alcoholic chlorhexidine compared to povidone iodine in surgical asepsis in clean-contaminated surgery, but not enough in clean abdominal wall surgery. Objective: To compare the efficacy in the prevention of infection of the surgical site in clean surgery of the abdominal wall after the use of these two antiseptics in the preparation of the operative field. Patients and Methods: Retrospective observational study. The data collection has been done through the electronic medical record. We selected 398 patients randomly operated on for umbilical hernia and ventral hernia from January 2017 to December 2018. They were divided into two groups according to the type of antiseptic used. Povidone iodine 199 group and alcoholic chlorhexidine group 199 patients. The main endpoint is infection of the superficial surgical site, within 30 days after surgery. We analyzed the frequencies and distributions of sex, age, personal history, anesthetic risk, type of intervention, antibiotic prophylaxis, time of intervention, presence of drainage, stay and infectious complication. The results are presented as a mean, standard deviation and variance for the quantitative variables and in related proportions for qualitative variables. The infection rate in the two groups is compared by the Chi2 test with a P value of < 0.05 as the confidence interval, to assess whether the difference between the two antiseptics in clean surgery is statistically significant. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS pro-gram. Results: The age of the patients, sex, personal history, anesthetic irrigation, type of pathology, antibiotic prophylaxis, time of intervention, the presence of drainage, stay, the type of surgical intervention and the pattern of use of prophylactic antibiotics in both groups did not show statistically significant differences (p > 0.05), which shows the homogeneity of the groups and therefore comparable. Five (2.5%) patients developed surgical site infection in the povidone-iodine group and 3 (1.5%) patients in the alcoholic chlorhexidine group. Enterobacteria were the most frequent pathogens cultured in infected wounds. Conclusion: Although the infection rate of the surgical site in the alcoholic chlorhexidine group is lower with respect to the povidone-iodine group, the statistical analysis shows that this difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.7210); therefore, these two antiseptics are equally effective for the preparation of the operative field in clean abdominal wall surgery

Early results of laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To study the immediate and early postoperative results obtained in patients subjected to laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective, observational cohort study was initiated in January 1993, involving 50 patients subjected to laparoscopic resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma (rectal amputation in 10 cases, lower rectal resection in 13, recto-sigmoidectomy in 18, and miscellaneous colectomies in 9 cases). Seventy-percent of the tumors were in IUCC stages II and III. Mean follow-up was 21 months. RESULTS: Conversion to open surgery was required in 18 cases (36%). Intraoperative problems were limited to a single urethral lesion, while postoperative complications were recorded in 11 patients (22%), and were managed conservatively: a urinary fistula secondary to the aforementioned urethral lesion; subclinical dehiscence of the anastomosis (2 cases); phlebitis (1 case); infection of the surgical wound (4 cases), and urinary and pulmonary infection (1 case each). There were no differences between converted surgery (i.e., conventional laparotomy) and those operations completed endoscopically (with a final assisted or combined minilaparotomy) in terms of the length of the surgical resection piece, the length of the distal margin of the specimen or the number of lymph nodes. Global hospital stay ranged from 9-12 days, versus 5-7 in the group without complications. Global survival is 78% at 42 months, with a disease-free interval of 53% at this time. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic colorectal resection presents an incidence of intra- and postoperative complications characteristic of major surgery, with no differences in surgical specimen size with respect to those operations converted to laparotomy. Global survival is similar to that reported in the literature for open surgery.