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1.
Connect Tissue Res ; 62(5): 597-604, 2021 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33028117

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine alterations of chondroitin sulfate (CS) that reflect cartilage damage in an experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model as well as in human OA samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT; OA) or a sham procedure and sacrificed 14, 28, or 70 days after ACLT for histopathology and analysis of extracted CS. Cartilage samples from 14 patients undergoing hip or shoulder arthroplasty secondary to OA or fracture (control) were subjected to the same protocol. The CS content (µg/mg dry cartilage) after proteolysis was determined by densitometry, using agarose-gel electrophoresis. Molar mass (MM) and peak MM of CS were determined using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). RESULTS: OA and sham joints at 70 d had 24 [22-24] and 3 [1-6] median histopathology scores, respectively (p < 0.001). Relative CS content (77.7 ± 8.3 µg/mg) was significantly increased in OA samples 70 d after ACLT, as compared to sham (53.5 ± 10.0 µg/mg). Peak MM of CS was higher in OA than in sham samples (P < 0.05). Similarly, CS content and peak MM were higher in cartilage from human OA patients, as compared to fracture samples, reproducing experimental data. CONCLUSION: Cartilage matrix from experimental and human OA samples has increased in the relative CS content. Increase in the peak MM distinguishes CS of the extracellular matrix of OA from normal cartilage.


Subject(s)
Osteoarthritis , Animals , Anterior Cruciate Ligament , Cartilage, Articular , Chondroitin Sulfates , Disease Models, Animal , Extracellular Matrix , Humans , Rats
2.
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol ; 34(4): 101528, 2020 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32448639

ABSTRACT

There has been a progressive interest on modifications of the human defense system following insults occurring in the interface between our body and the external environment, as they may provoke or worsen disease states. Studies suggest that billions of germs, which compose the gut microbiota influence one's innate and adaptive immune responses at the intestinal level, but these microorganisms may also impact rheumatic diseases. The microbiota of the skin, respiratory, and urinary tracts may also be relevant in rheumatology. Evidence indicates that changes in the gut microbiome alter the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis but also of other disorders like atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis. Therapeutic strategies to modify the microbiota, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been received with skepticism, which, in turn, has drawn attention back to previously developed interventions such as antibiotics. Helminths adapted to humans over the evolution process, but their role in disease modulation, particularly immune-mediated diseases, remains to be understood. The present review focuses on data concerning modifications of the immune system induced by interactions with microbes and pluricellular organisms, namely helminths, and their impact on rheumatic diseases. Practical aspects, including specific microbiota-targeted therapies, are also discussed.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Probiotics , Rheumatic Diseases , Animals , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology , Helminthiasis , Humans , Microbiota , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Rheumatic Diseases/microbiology , Rheumatic Diseases/therapy
3.
J Clin Rheumatol ; 16(2): 81-2, 2010 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20130478

ABSTRACT

A 42-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis that was refractory to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as well as various disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs was subjected to anti-TNF compounds. Administration of infliximab and adalimumab gave excellent clinical response but was discontinued due to adverse events. Introduction of etanercept was also clinically effective but followed by development of severe heart failure. Discontinuation of etanercept led to control of heart function. The unusually though potentially life-threatening possibility of heart failure secondary to anti-TNF use in ankylosing spondylitis merits attention.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure/chemically induced , Immunoglobulin G/adverse effects , Immunologic Factors/adverse effects , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy , Adult , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Digoxin/therapeutic use , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Etanercept , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
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