Experimental data on activity catalyst TiO2/Fe3O4 under natural solar radiation conditions.

In this document, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Fe3O4, prepared by the mixing of the pure oxides, was studied. The photocatalytic degradation of aqueous Methylene Blue (MB) solutions (10 and 30 ppm) was performed, the TiO2/Fe3O4 catalysts in 80/20, 50/50 and 20/80 mass ratios were used during the test, artificial sunlight and natural solar radiation were tested at laboratory and pilot plant scale respectively. Besides, the kinetic reactions were evaluated according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, the apparent velocity constants (kapp) were obtained for the TiO2/Fe3O4 catalysts. In the laboratory test, the TiO2/Fe3O4 catalyst (80/20) had a performance for 93.04% of discoloration, kapp = 0.0238 min-1, while for TiO2/Fe3O4 (50/50, 20/80) had an 83.46%, 65.00% for discoloration of MB and the kapp values were 0.0154 min-1 and 0.0098 min-1, respectively. In the solar test at pilot scale, the percentages of discoloration of 24.32%, and 57.78%, with kapp values of 0.00037 min-1, 0.00121 min-1 respectively were obtained for TiO2/Fe3O4 (80/20), a MB solution of 30 ppm, a load of 0.1 g/L and 0.3 g/L of the catalyst respectively.

Religious faith in coping with terminal cancer: what is the nursing experience?

This qualitative study describes nurses' reports on the role played by religious faith in the care of patients with terminal cancer. Using Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics and C. Roy's adaptation model as a base, in-depth interviews were carried out with 23 nurses who had cared for patients with terminal cancer for at least 6 months. Three main themes emerged when a Gadamerian-based hermeneutic research method was applied: faith facilitates the coping process in cases of terminal cancer, faith hinders the coping process in cases of terminal cancer and terminal illness impacts faith. The lack of univocal results indicates that the role of faith in coping with death is essentially practical, individualised and changeable. The nurse-patient relationship can help to determine the spiritual needs of cancer patients at the end of life. This source of knowledge held by the nurse, together with the rest of the multidisciplinary team, can help to improve end-of-life care.

Psychometric properties of the QuickPIPER: a shortened version of the PIPER Fatigue scale.

This paper proposes 'QuickPIPER', a 15-item, validated one-dimensional model representing cancer-related fatigue, based on factor analysis testing of the Piper Fatigue Scale-revised (R-PFS). One hundred and eleven breast cancer survivors participated in this prospective, observational study of the QuickPIPER validation. Participants completed the R-PFS and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Fatigue and Vigor subscales. The questionnaires were tested concurrently before and after a multimodal exercise programme trial. Psychometric characteristics assessed from the sample included internal consistency and factor analysis, concurrent criterion validity and predictive ability. The results shows that the correlation matrix for the QuickPIPER questionnaire was determined as suitable with the Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin values (0.89) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (P < 0.001). The total cumulative variance explained was 65.32%. The goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis were satisfactory (normed fit index = 0.91 and comparative fit index = 0.92). Test-retest reliability was very good (r = 0.947, P < 0.001). The QuickPIPER scores correlated with POMS Fatigue (r = 0.800) and POMS Vigor (r = -0.352) subscales. Predictive ability showed that the area under the curves for the screening questionnaires was 0.743 (95% confidence interval 0.579-0.906). The 15-item QuickPIPER possesses similar properties to the 22-item R-PFS and offers the important advantage of brevity.

Estimating the force of infection for HCV in injecting drug users using interval-censored data.

Injecting drug users (IDUs) account for most new HCV infections. The objectives of this study were: to estimate the force of infection for hepatitis C virus in IDUs within the interval-censoring framework and to determine the impact of risk factors such as frequency of injection, drug injected, sharing of syringes and time of first injection on the time to HCV infection. We used data from the Amsterdam Cohort Study collected in The Netherlands and focused on those individuals who were HCV negative upon entry into the study. Based on the results, the force of infection was found to vary with time of first injection. The risk of infection was higher in the first 3 years of an IDU's career, implying estimates based on single cross-sectional studies could be biased. Frequency of injection and type of drug injected were found to be highly significant predictors, whereas sharing syringes was not.

[Benefits of cognitive behavior therapy and acupressure therapy in obese patients: a randomized clinical trial]. / Beneficios de la terapia cognitivo-conductual y la presoterapia en pacientes obesos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze change of lifestyle in obese patients with cognitive behavior therapy and acupressure. METHODS: An experimental study was performed with placebo control group. Forty patients were randomly assigned to intervention group (cognitive behaviour therapy + acupressure) and control group (information session). Outcome measure was a questionnaire for the assessment and quantification of obesity related lifestyles. Measures were performed at baseline and, after 3-months intervention. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, the intervention group showed significant differences (p<0.05) in weight loss, diet and physical activity. CONCLUSION: In the obese patient, cognitive behavior therapy and acupressure, it has lost at least three kilograms over three months and has changed lifestyles related to obesity.

[Temporomandibular joint dysfunction, disability and oral health in a community-dwelling elderly population]. / Disfunción temporomandibular, discapacidad y salud oral en una población geriátrica semi-institucionalizada.

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is involved in important activities of the stomatognathic system for nutrition, such as chewing or swallowing. If the physiological tolerance of its components is exceeded, it can trigger symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). OBJECTIVES: To assess and relate the symptoms of TMD, functional limitations and estimates of self-perceived oral health and general geriatric population in a communitydwelling elderly population. METHODS: An observational study was performed. Ninetyfour persons belonging to units of Granada Geriatric Day were assessed symptoms of TMD (Helkimo Simplified Index), pain (VAS scale), functional limitation of stomatognathic system (research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders CDI/TTM), jaw opening index, general health index (1-5) and oral health (geriatric oral health assessment). RESULTS: In the total sample, 42.7% had at least one symptom of TMD. The most common symptoms were muscular fatigue (26.6%), noise (21.3%) and TMD pain (14.9%). The most common non-specific symptoms in the symptomatic group were neck pain and nervousness. A 48.9% of the sample had functional limitation in orofacial activities. Also, there was a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the jaw opening index and symptomatic and asymptomatic groups with TMD. CONCLUSIONS: In the group with symptoms of TMD were more common temporomandibular joint departures and pain, and they presented lower values in oral and general health self-perception.

Strategies to develop the nursing process and nursing care plans in the health system in Bolivia.

BACKGROUND: Care plans provide guidelines to offer all patients the same quality assistance. Care plans constitute a base where every stage of the nursing process can be recorded, which will save time when handling documentation. Bolivian nurses are very keen to participate in this global trend in order to grasp the opportunity offered by the international cooperation programmes carried out between Spain and South America. AIMS: To identify obstacles and enablers encountered when implementing the nursing process and to set clear strategies and actions so as to develop the nursing process and care plans in Santa Cruz department (Bolivia) both in hospitals and universities. METHODS: The participatory action research was conducted between the Autonomous University of Gabriel René Moreno (Bolivia) and the University of Almería (Spain). The procedure for data collection included meetings with key informants, interviews, observation and workshops. Data were analysed using the constant comparison and categorized by common themes. RESULTS: Lack of time and instruments, shortage of resources and the need for continuous training came up as obstacles, whereas enablers were the nurses' involvement, the university-hospital coordination and the support given by institutions. Actions taken were the creation of a care plan unit, the implementation of a training programme, design of instruments and meetings held with authorities and institutional representatives. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting action research schemes within international cooperation programmes signifies an excellent opportunity for the nursing system in less-developed countries to be included in international plans with the aim of standardizing the nursing practice.

Electroterapia, hiperhidrosis y enfermedades neurovasculares / Electrotherapy, hyperhidrosis and neurovascular diseases

Los síndromes vasoespásticos son alteraciones vasculares que afectan a las extremidades, principalmente las superiores; tienen carácter funcional y, como denominador común, su sintomatología está producida por un aumento de la capacidad vasoconstrictiva de etiología poco conocida. Entre los factores precipitantes se encuentran la exposición al frío y los estímulos emocionales. La exploración generalmente muestra, entre las crisis, dedos fríos y lividez con hiperhidrosis. Los objetivos de nuestro estudio son exponer la evolución antes y después del tratamiento del cortejo sintomático acompañante de la hiperhidrosis palmar, como la hipotermia y la lividez en los pacientes que la sufren. Para cumplir los objetivos, se planteó un estudio experimental con sendos grupos: control normal de 10 pacientes sin tratamiento y experimental con un total de 60 pacientes con hiperhidrosis, distribuidos en 6 subgrupos y sometidos a tratamiento de iontoforesis con agua corriente. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, aunque la terapéutica aplicada suprimió en el 100% de los casos el problema de la hipersudación palmar que presentaban los pacientes, no se obtuvo un paralelismo en los resultados del cortejo clínico acompañante, lo que confirma cierta idiosincrasia evolutiva en los pacientes con hiperhidrosis y problemas vasomotores en partes acras(AU)

Vasospastic syndromes are vascular alterations affecting the limbs, mainly the upper ones. They have a special function, that is, they are functional and have a common denominator that is produced by their symptoms due to an increase in vasoconstrictor capacity whose etiology is little known. Exposure to cold and emotional stimuli is among its precipitating factors. The examination generally shows cold fingers and lividness with hyperhidrosis among the episodes. The goals outlined in our study are exposing the pre and post therapeutic course of the main symptoms accompanying the palmar hyperhidrosis, such as hypothermia and lividness in patients with osteoporosis. In order to fulfill the objectives, a pilot study was proposed with two groups: control group of 10 patients without normal and experimental treatment and a total of 60 patients with hyperhidrosis, divided into 6 subgroups who underwent treatment with tap water iontophoresis. The results obtained suggest that although the therapy applied eliminated the problem of palmar hyperhidrosis presented by the patients in all of the cases, a parallel result was not obtained in the main accompanying symptoms, confirming some evolutionary idiosyncrasy in patients with hyperhidrosis and acral vasomotor problems(AU)

Disminución de la presión arterial en pacientes con arteriopatía periférica mediante el masaje reflejo del tejido conjuntivo / Decrease in blood pressure in patients with peripheral arterial disease by connective tissue reflex massage

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia del masaje reflejo del tejido conjuntivo en la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica. Metodología: Participaron en el estudio 26 pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica del Distrito Sanitario de Granada durante un período de intervención de 15 semanas. La muestra de estudio se dividió de forma aleatoria en grupo experimental y grupo control. Los criterios de exclusión fueron los siguientes: insuficiencia arterial periférica en estadios más avanzados, insuficiencia venosa periférica, insuficiencia cardíaca, renal o hepática. La variable independiente considerada ha sido la aplicación del masaje reflejo del tejido conjuntivo según el método de Elizabeth Dicke. Asimismo, la variable dependiente estudiada ha sido la evaluación de la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en ambas extremidades superiores. Resultados: Se observan diferencias significativas entre la valoración basal y las valoraciones posbasales, entre los dos grupos de estudio, en la presión arterial diastólica derecha (basal, p<0,043; primera valoración, p<0,041; segunda valoración, p<0,047) y la presión arterial sistólica izquierda (basal, p<0,042; primera valoración, p<0,04; segunda valoración, p<0,049). Conclusiones: El masaje reflejo del tejido conjuntivo genera un descenso de la presión arterial en pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica en estadio I(AU)

Aims: Evaluate the effectiveness of connective tissue reflex massage on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Methodology: Twenty-six patients with peripheral arterial disease from the Health District of Granada participated in the study during a 15-week intervention period. The study sample was randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. Exclusion criteria were peripheral arterial insufficiency at more advanced stages, peripheral venous insufficiency, cardiac, renal or hepatic insufficiency. Application of the connective tissue reflex massage according to the method of Elizabeth Dicke was regarded as the independent variable. The dependent variable was evaluation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both upper limbs. Outcomes: Significant differences could be observed between the baseline and post-baseline evaluations between the two study groups in the right diastolic blood pressure (baseline, p<0.043; 1st evaluation, p<0.041; 2nd evaluation, p<0.047), and left systolic blood pressure (basal, p<0.042; 1st evaluation, p<0.04; 2nd evaluation, p<0.049). Conclusions: Connective tissue reflex massage causes a blood pressure decrease in patients with stage I peripheral arterial disease(AU)

[Screening of scoliosis in a school population of 8 to 12 years in the province of Granada (Spain)]. / Cribado de la escoliosis en una población escolar de 8 a 12 años de la provincia de Granada.

The scoliosis is a disease that affects the three-dimensional shape of the spine, which may occur at any stage of life but mainly arises from 10 years of age, and it is everyone's job (doctors, physiotherapists and teachers) responsible for managing the schoolchild to detect this spinal deformity. Therefore, we included a number of objectives in our study; first to detect the spinal disorder (scoliosis) in the school population from 8 to 12 years of Granada province; to establish the relationships between age groups and gender in people with scoliosis in the province of Granada; and finally to determine whether the occurrence of such changes have a greater impact on certain geographical areas in Granada province. Thus, this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study of a school population (n=2,956) in the province of Granada analyzed the positive clinical signs using the Adams Test on individuals with scoliosis. Of the 16 % (n=472) of schoolchildren who had scoliosis, 57.6 % (n=272) were male. The distribution of children from 8 to 12 years is fairly homogeneous with no differences seen (p=0.62) and highlight areas of higher incidence of scoliosis in zone 5 (Alpujarra-Valle of Lecrín). We conclude that there are no significant differences in scoliosis as regards age group (8 to 12 years), but there is an increasing trend towards the male gender. Differences can also be observed in the seven areas of study defined by work, environmental, genetic and consanguinity factors.

Cribado de la escoliosis en una población escolar de 8 a 12 años de la provincia de Granada / Screening of scoliosis in a school population of 8 to 12 yearsin the province of Granada (Spain)

La escoliosis es una enfermedad que altera la columna vertebral de forma tridimensional; puede producirse en cualquier etapa de la vida, aunque la mayoría de las veces surge a partir de los 10 años de edad. Es tarea de los estamentos encargados cuidar de los escolares (médicos, fisioterapeutas y docentes) detectar esta deformidad del raquis. Son varios los objetivos planteados en este estudio. En primer lugar, detectar la alteración raquídea (escoliosis) en la población escolar de 8 a 12 años de la provincia de Granada; en segundo, establecer las relaciones entre los grupos de edad y sexo en la población con escoliosis de la provincia de Granada y, por último, determinar si la aparición de dicha alteración tiene mayor incidencia en determinadas zonas geográficas de Granada y su provincia. Por tanto, se realiza un estudio de carácter descriptivo y transversal de la población escolar (n=2.956) de la provincia de Granada analizándose las manifestaciones clínicas positivas mediante el método del test de Adams de los individuos con escoliosis. Un 16 % (n=472) de escolares presentó escoliosis, de los cuales el 57,6 % (n=272) eran varones; la distribución de niños y niñas de 8 a 12 años es bastante homogénea y no se aprecian diferencias significativas (p=0,62). Por zonas destaca una mayor incidencia de escoliosis en la zona 5 (Alpujarra-Valle de Lecrín). Se llega a la conclusión de que en la escoliosis no se aprecian diferencias significativas en función de los grupos de edad (8 a 12 años), que existe una tendencia mayor hacia el sexo varón y que se aprecian diferencias en cuanto a las siete zonas de estudio definidas por componentes laborales, ambientales, genéticos y de consanguinidad (AU)

The scoliosis is a disease that affects the three-dimensional shape of the spine, which may occur at any stage of life but mainly arises from 10 years of age, and it is everyone's job (doctors, physiotherapists and teachers) responsible for managing the schoolchild to detect this spinal deformity. Therefore, we included a number of objectives in our study; first to detect the spinal disorder (scoliosis) in the school population from 8 to 12 years of Granada province; to establish the relationships between age groups and gender in people with scoliosis in the province of Granada; and finally to determine whether the occurrence of such changes have a greater impact on certain geographical areas in Granada province. Thus, this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study of a school population (n=2,956) in the province of Granada analyzed the positive clinical signs using the Adams Test on individuals with scoliosis. Of the 16 % (n=472) of schoolchildren who had scoliosis, 57.6 % (n=272) were male. The distribution of children from 8 to 12 years is fairly homogeneous with no differences seen (p=0.62) and highlight areas of higher incidence of scoliosis in zone 5 (Alpujarra-Valle of Lecrín). We conclude that there are no significant differences in scoliosis as regards age group (8 to 12 years), but there is an increasing trend towards the male gender. Differences can also be observed in the seven areas of study defined by work, environmental, genetic and consanguinity factors (AU)

Fisioterapia en la reconstrucción mamaria posmastectomía: a propósito de un caso / Physical therapy in postmastectomy mammary reconstruction: with regard to a case

La reconstrucción mamaria posmastectomía, se considera actualmente parte integral del tratamiento multidisciplinario del carcinoma de mama, pues contribuye a restaurar de una forma objetiva, la imagen corporal de la paciente y revierte las secuelas psicológicas negativas, ocasionadas por la mastectomía. Las técnicas reconstructivas de la mama consisten en la aplicación de una serie de técnicas quirúrgicas con posibilidades de aplicación selectiva o adyuvantes, en función de las necesidades y posibilidades de la paciente. En este trabajo se destaca las modalidades de intervención del fisioterapeuta, en las distintas etapas del proceso quirúrgico, como miembro del equipo multidisciplinar de la Asociación de Mujeres Andaluzas Mastectomizadas (AMAMA). Así mismo, se establece una valoración de los resultados mediante el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida para Cáncer de Mama

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Rol del fisioterapéuta en las opciones quirúrgicas de reconstrucción postmastectomía / Physical therapy role in the surgical options of postmastectomy reconstruction

En la actualidad, aproximadamente el 40 % de las pacientes portadoras de cáncer de mama, son sometidas a mastectomía. En este grupo, un alto porcentaje de mujeres son menores de 65 años, con enfermedades locorregionalmente controladas y sobrevidas prolongadas, que se ven mutiladas por el tratamiento quirúrgico al que han sido sometidas. En el presente trabajo de revisión se exponen las distintas modalidades de reconstrucción quirúrgicas opcionales en cada mujer, relacionándolas no solo con los requisitos previos para su aplicación, sino también con las ventajas e inconvenientes observados tras la misma. Los beneficios del proceso reconstructivo quirúrgico, requieren la intervención del fisioterapeuta, considerándose fundamental en la obtención de los resultados esperados, no solo la especificidad de los procedimientos, sino también el ajuste a las interfases quirúrgicas

At the present time, approximately 40 % of the carrier patients of breast cancer are subjected to mastectomy. In this group, a high percentage of women are < 65 years, with diseases locally controlled and prolonged overlife, they are mutilated by the surgical treatment. In the present review work are exposed the different optional surgical modalities of reconstruction in each woman, it related not only to previous requirements for their application but also with the advantages and disadvantages observed after the same. The benefits of the surgical reconstructive process require the physiotherapy intervention, he is considered very important in the obtaining of the awaited results not only the specificity of the procedures but also the adjustment to the surgical interphases

Fisioterapia en las secuelas oncológicas a proposito de un caso / Physical Therapy oncologic effect of case resarch

El linfedema secundario de miembro inferior posquirúrgico de carcinoma uterino, es la secuela mas frecuente en la afecciones oncológicas. La técnica quirúrgica utilizada es la histerectomía radical, en la cual no solo se extirpa el útero sino también cadenas ganglionares afectas, produciendo una deficiencia en el drenaje linfático de dicho miembro. Como consecuencia se produce un linfedema mecánico por obstrucción, haciéndose insuficientes las cadenas ganglionares restantes. Objetivos: a) presentar la posibilidad de tratamiento fisioterapeútico para el linfedema secundario de miembro inferior, y d) valorar la evolución del linfedema en un período determinado. El sujeto de nuestro estudio es una paciente de 56 años de edad diagnosticada de linfedema secundario severo con alta fibrosis, por histerectomía radical. El tratamiento utilizado, D.L.M según el método Leduc, presoterapia, vendaje de contención. La duración del estudio fue desde octubre del 2001 a octubre del 2002, en la Unidad de Linfedema del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada. Resultado: Consiguió una reducción de la fibrosis y del volumen del linfedema del 60 %, con una mejora en la calidad de vida, valorada según la escala EORT (QLQ-30)

Dolor y estrés en fisioterapia: algometría de presión / Pain and stress in physiotherapy: pressure algometry

Objetivos: El propósito de esta investigación es obtener una medida objetiva del umbral de dolor, en condiciones basales y después de dos tests de estrés inducido; crioterapia (test de frío inducido) y test PASAT (test de estrés mental), para comparar los resultados en ambos casos, diferenciando los dos hemicuerpos y los dos sexos. Método: 79 sujetos sanos: 35 mujeres y 44 hombres entre 18 y 31 años fueron sometidos a medidas de algometría sobre sus músculos masetero y trapecio. Estas medidas fueron tomadas en tres momentos diferentes: condiciones basales, inmediatamente después de la crioterapia, e inmediatamente después del test PASAT; todo durante la misma sesión. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos de las diferentes condiciones fueron significativas; relativas al sexo, los hombres obtuvieron valores más altos que las mujeres evidenciable en el músculo masetero (P = 0,011); y de acuerdo con la lateralidad, los resultados fueron más elevados en el lado izquierdo en el caso del músculo masetero (P = 0,033), mientras que estas diferencias no se evidencian en el caso del trapecio (P = 0,134). Conclusiones: Los músculos masetero y trapecio son músculos especialmente propensos a reaccionar frente al estrés (físico o ambiental, y mental); y el género femenino mostró un umbral de dolor significativamente más bajo que el masculino

Objetives: The proposal of this research is to obtain an objetive measurement of the pain threshold, both in base conditions, and after two different tests of induced stress: cryotherapy (test of induced cold) and PASAT test (mental stress test) to be able to compare results from both situations, in both hemibodies and genders. Methods: 79 healthy subjects: 35 women and 44 men between 18 and 31 years-old went through algometric measurements on their masseter and trapezius muscles. These measurements were taken in three different moments: basal conditions, straight after cryotherapy, and straight after PASAT test; everything within the same session. Results: The results obtained from all the different conditions were significant; relating to sex; obtaining in men higher values than in women on the masseter muscle (P = 0,011); and according to the laterality, the resulting values were higher in the left side, in the case of the masseter (P = 0,033), but not in the case of the trapezius (P = 0,134). Conclusions: The masseter and trapezius muscle are muscles specially prone to react before stress (physical ­ ambient ­ and mental); and healthy females exhibited significantly lower mean pain threshold than males

Prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en Fisioterapia / Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in Physiotherapy

El síndrome de Burnout es un tipo de estrés laboral que puede tener repercusiones psicosomáticas, conductuales, emocionales, familiares y sociales, que pueden ser motivo de bajo rendimiento laboral. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en los Fisioterapeutas, pertenecientes al Servicio Andaluz de Salud, que desarrollan su actividad profesional en hospitales y centros de salud de Granada (capital). Material y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio observacional transversal sobre una muestra de 46 fisioterapeutas, a los que se les administró el Maslach Burnout Inventory para medir el grado de Síndrome de Burnout. Resultados: El 37 % de los encuestados presentó un porcentaje elevado en el grado de Burnout para el cansancio emocional, el 17,40 % presentó una alta despersonalización, y un 69,50 % presentó una baja realización personal. El Síndrome de Burnout se encuentra en el 10, 87 % (n = 5) de la muestra. Conclusiones: En general, la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout es relativamente baja, en base al siguiente criterio: elevado agotamiento emocional, baja realización personal y alta despersonalización

Burnout Syndrome refers to a kind of occupational stress that can have psychosomatic, behavioural, emotional, familial, and social repercussions; it can also cause loss of effeciancy at work. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome in physiotherapists, who belong to Servicio Andaluz de Salud and redeem their professional activity in hospital and health centres from Granada (city). Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was designed in a sample of 46 physiotherapists, who were given the Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure the degree of Burnout syndrome. Results: The 37 % of the staff interviewed presented a high percentage in the degree of Burnout for the emotional exhaustion, the 17.40 % presented a high depersonalization, and 69.50 % presented a low personal execution. The Burnout Syndrome is in the 10.87 % of the staff. Conclusion: In general the prevalence of Burnout syndrome is relatively low in base to following criteria elevated emotional exhaustion, low personal execution and high depersonalization

Modificaciones del índice tobillo/brazo mediante dos modalidades fisioterapéuticas: bindegewebsmassage/ cinesiterapia sublesional / Modifications ankle/braquial index by means of two physiotherapeutic modalities: bindegewebsmassage/sublesional kinesitherapy

Objetivos: Evaluar la acción del bindegewebsmassage y de un programa de cinesiterapia sublesional sobre el índice tobillo/brazo. Metodología: estudio experimental en su modalidad pretest/postest. La muestra de estudio ha estado compuesta por 40 alumnos. Los criterios de exclusión han sido los de presentar insuficiencia arterial periférica, diabetes, obesidad, hipertensión arterial y ser fumador). Las variables independientes consideradas han sido las dos modalidades de intervención (bindegewebsmassage y cinesiterapia sublesional). Asimismo, las variables dependientes estudiadas han sido: pulso tibial posterior, pulso pedio, presión sistólica en miembro superior e inferior (índice tobillo/brazo). Resultados: En el análisis de los resultados se ha realizado, previa descripción de la distribución de frecuencias, un análisis de la varianza (ANOVA). Entre las valoraciones realizadas se han observado diferencias significativas para todas las variables dependientes excepto a nivel de la presión sistólica en tobillo (p < 0,98). No existen diferencias significativas entre los efectos producidos por cada una de las modalidades terapéuticas. Conclusiones: Ambas modalidades terapéuticas aplicadas se producen modificaciones en el índice de tobillo/brazo, pulso tibial posterior y pulso pedio

Aims: To evaluate the action of bindegewebsmassage and a sublesional kinesitherapy programme on the ankle/brachial index. Methods: Experimental study on its modality pre-test/post-test. The study's sample has been composed by forty pupils. Every group of treatment has been constituted by a sample of twenty pupils from "Escuela Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud" (Granada). The exclusion criteria have been to present (peripheral arterial disease, diabetes, obesity, arterial hypertension and to be smoker). The independent considered variables have been the modalities of intervention (bindegewebsmassage and sublesional kinesitherapy). Likewise, as dependent variables have been studied: posterior tibialis pulse, pedis pulse, systolic pressure in upper and lower members (ankle/brachial index). Results: In the analysis of the results previous description of the frequency distribution has been made an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Between the valuations, significantives differences for all the dependent variables have been observed except on the systolic pressure in ankle (p < 0,98). No significant differences between the effects produced by each one of therapeutic modalities. Conclusions: Both therapeutic modalities produced modifications in the ankle/brachial index, posterior tibialis pulse and pedis pulse

Análisis del nivel de evidencia científica en Fisioterapia: dolor lumbar / Analysis of the level of scientific evidence in physiotherapy: lumbar spine pain

En el presente estudio se intenta poner de manifiesto la importancia que para el desarrollo de la Fisioterapia tiene alcanzar un nivel de evidencia científica adecuado en nuestras publicaciones; hemos hecho un análisis de dicho nivel de evidencia y hemos detectado un elevado porcentaje de publicaciones que no alcanzan un nivel óptimo para el desarrollo de una disciplina científica como la nuestra. En la clasificación, según el grado de evidencia científica, de un total de 99 artículos sobre dolor lumbar, obtenidos de las cinco revistas de Fisioterapia con mayor rigor científico en los últimos 10 años, se han obtenido los siguientes resultados: 26,3 por ciento grado A (al menos un ensayo randomizado y controlado), 24,2 por ciento grado B (estudios clínicos sin ensayos randomizados y controlados) y 49,5 por ciento grado C (opinión de expertos). (AU)