Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Dermatitis, Exfoliative , Skin Diseases, Genetic , Erythema/etiology , Humans , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
This study investigated the occurrence of mild modified measles cases during an outbreak in Niterói, RJ, Brazil by using RT-PCR on oral fluid samples. From August to December 1997 a total of 76 patients with rash were seen at the study sites. Confirmed diagnosis by serology was achieved in 47 cases: measles (39.5%), rubella (13.2%), HHV-6 (3.9%), human parvovirus B19 (3.9%), dengue fever (3%). For 19 of the 29 patients without a conclusive diagnosis paired serum and saliva samples were available for further tests. In four of them, measles virus RNA was detected by RT-PCR in saliva samples in the absence of specific IgM in serum samples. Vaccination histories obtained from three of the RT-PCR positive cases showed that individuals previously immunized can still be infected and contribute to the circulation of measles virus. This study demonstrated the usefulness of RT-PCR on non-invasive clinical samples for the investigation of measles cases.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Measles virus/genetics , Measles/epidemiology , RNA, Viral/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Measles/etiology , Measles virus/isolation & purification , Predictive Value of Tests , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Saliva/virologyABSTRACT
Despite the marked reduction in the incidence of measles in Brazil, a measles epidemic occurred in this country in 1997. The measles cases observed during this epidemic began to reappear in large numbers in São Paulo, and spread to Rio de Janeiro and other Brazilian states. In the present study molecular biology techniques were used for the detection and genomic characterization of measles viruses from clinical samples such as urine and nasopharyngeal secretions collected in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Paraná, during the 1997 epidemic. RT-PCR and nucleotide sequence analysis of part of the carboxyl-terminal region of the nucleoprotein gene of measles viruses obtained directly from clinical samples or from infected cell cultures during this epidemic classified all as wild-type of genotype D6. As the genotype D6 was identified in different Brazilian states, this study demonstrated that this genotype was circulating in Brazil during the 1997 epidemic.
