ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune thrombophilia, characterized by vascular thrombosis or obstetric compromise, associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Large international studies have analyzed the clinical/serological behavior of the disease and in Colombia, there are few cohorts that have been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The main objective is to characterize the patients with APS followed in the anticoagulation clinic of a tertiary care hospital and to determine the clinical manifestations and serological findings at diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out to evaluate patients with a presumptive and/or confirmed diagnosis of APS, according to modified Sapporo criteria, which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria established by the authors. The information was collected from the review of medical records. RESULTS: We included 103 patients, with the female sex being the most prevalent (86.6%). 54.3% of the patients (n = 56) had a diagnosis of primary APS. Venous thrombotic events occurred in 87.3% (n = 90) of the patients, 34.9% (n = 36) had arterial thrombosis (n = 36), and 3.9% (n = 4) had catastrophic APS (n = 4). 15 cases of Obstetric APS were documented. Lupus coagulation inhibitor (LA) positivity was the most prevalent marker in 84% (n = 68) of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical behavior in this cohort of patients is like that found in large international and national studies. Most patients have a probable diagnosis of APS, so they could overestimate the real prevalence and condition of long-term anticoagulant treatment.
ABSTRACT
Estudiamos la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en 488 individuos mayores de 14 años, en el resguardo indígena Karmata Rúa de Cristianía. Se encontraron las siguientes frecuencias: hipertensión arterial (HTA) 18,1%; antecedente personal de diabetes mellitus 3,3%; glucemia mayor de 126 mg/dL 0,7%; hábito de fumar 15%; sobrepeso 40,2%; obesidad 8,0%; hipercolesterolemia 21,4%; hipertrigliceridemia 33,3% y dislipidemia 56,2%. El índice de masa corporal y los valores de colesterol total, glucemia, perímetro de la cintura, índice cintura/ cadera y presión arterial sistólica y diastólica presentaron correlación positiva y significativa con la edad. El grado de escolaridad mostró correlación negativa con el perímetro de la cintura, el índice cintura/cadera, la glucemia y la presión arterial. Al comparar con poblaciones indígenas y no indígenas de Colombia y de otros países, se encontró una prevalencia entre tres y cuatro veces menor de diabetes mellitus; en la población estudiada hay menos HTA aunque existe tendencia al sobrepeso. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en otros factores de riesgo; todos ellos fueron más frecuentes en mujeres, en personas de escolaridad baja y en individuos mayores. Los factores que contribuyen a estas diferencias son genéticos (homogeneidad étnica) y ambientales, como la mayor actividad física de los hombres, la dieta y la estructura demográfica.
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was studied in 488 individuals over the age of 14 years in the Karmata Rua indigenous population of Cristianía, Colombia. The following rates were found: arterial hypertension 18.1%, family history of diabetes mellitus 3.3%, serum glucose over 126 mg/dL 0.7%, smoking habit 15%, overweight 40.2%, obesity 8.0%, hypercholesterolemia 21.4%, hypertriglyceridemia 33.3% and dyslipidemia 56.2%. Values of body mass index, total cholesterol, glucose, waist circumference, waist/hip index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a positive and significant correlation with age. Higher level of education showed negative correlation with waist circumference, the waist/hip index, blood sugar and blood pressure. In comparison with other indigenous and non-indigenous communities of Colombia and other countries, prevalence of diabetes mellitus was between three and four times lower in the studied population; prevalence or high blood pressure was also lower despite a tendency to overweight. For other risk factors no significant differences were found, but they were more common in women, in people with low level of schooling and in elder individuals. Probably this difference is caused by genetic and environmental factors, such as increased physical activity in men, diet, and population structure.
Estudamos a prevalência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular em 488 indivíduos maiores de 14 anos, no resguardo indígena Karmata Rúa de Cristianía. Encontraram- se as seguintes frequências: hipertensão arterial (HTA) 18,1%; antecedente pessoal de diabete mellitus 3,3%; glicemia maior de 126 mg/DL 0,7%; hábito de fumar 15%; sobrepeso 40,2%; obesidade 8,0%; hipercolesterolemia 21,4%; hipertrigliceridemia 33,3% e dislipidemia 56,2%. O índice de massa corporal e os valores de colesterol total, glicemia, perímetro da cintura, índice cintura/quadril e pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica apresentaram correlação positiva e significativa com a idade. O grau de escolaridade mostrou correlação negativa com o perímetro da cintura, o índice cintura/quadril, a glicemia e a pressão arterial. Ao comparar com populações indígenas e não indígenas da Colômbia e de outros países, encontrou-se uma prevalência entre três e quatro vezes menor de diabetes mellitus; na população estudada há menos HTA ainda que existe tendência ao sobrepeso. Não se encontraram diferenças significativas em outros FR; todos eles foram mais frequentes em mulheres, em pessoas de escolaridade baixa e em indivíduos maiores. Os fatores que contribuem a estas diferenças são genéticos (homogeneidade étnica) e ambientais, como a maior atividade física dos homens, a dieta e a estrutura demográfica.
